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[[alternative]]A Study of Wang Xi-Zhi's Calligraphy Aesthetics
No full text[[abstract]] 本論文王羲之書法美學研究的目的，藉由探討書法家的書法美學觀點和人文修養，選擇書法中主要的美學觀點進行了剖析，進行演繹和歸納，藉以提升個人的書法美學造詣，在書法藝術情境中，和書法愛好者體驗技和道相輔相成的美好，弘揚中華傳統文化書法精神。 第一章以王羲之書法美學作為理想價值的走向，透過書體、書家和書論三個方向的客觀分析王羲之書法美學，演繹出美學創作原理和主體修養觀。從中取得有價值的書法美學觀點，作為學習書法時的典範。 第二章探究王羲之生平事蹟和著作考察，針對王羲之身處的年代探討魏晉玄學的背景與才性觀，本研究以書法理論源流和王羲之書法理論淵源為基礎。 第三章說明王羲之各體書法代表作品內容及特色。說明各作品特色，分析其內容特質，技法表現出墨韻的趣味和藝術美感，呈現王羲之書法美學。 第四章分析王羲之書法美學歷史評價。首先探討儒、道美學思想在書法理論中的呈現。其次，探討言不盡意的書法創作觀。最後，分析美學創作原理和主體修養觀。 第五章從歷代書法論文中對王羲之書法評價進行探討。王羲之書法影響的層面分為；人書俱老自然形成，重視儒家倫理教化，活用道家自然觀，王羲之書法正鋒取勁，書法的藝術觀點，書法的情境美感。 第六章王羲之書法美學研究，以王羲之為學習書法時典範，強調書法學者要積極提升自身的修養，清楚歷代書法論文中書法觀點，到達個人對藝術情境的覺醒。[[abstract]] The purpose of this dissertation on Wang Xi-Zhi's calligraphy aesthetics research is to explore the calligrapher's calligraphy aesthetics and humanistic cultivation, select the main aesthetic viewpoints in calligraphy for analysis, deduction and induction, so as to improve personal calligraphy aesthetics, in the context of calligraphy art In, and calligraphy lovers experience the beauty of skill and Tao complement each other, and carry forward the spirit of Chinese traditional culture calligraphy. The first chapter takes Wang Xi-Zhi's calligraphy aesthetics as the direction of ideal value, through the objective analysis of Wang Xi-Zhi's calligraphy aesthetics in three directions: calligraphy style, calligrapher and calligraphy theory, and deduces the principles of aesthetic creation and the concept of subject cultivation. From it, valuable calligraphy aesthetics can be obtained, which can be used as a model for learning calligraphy. The second chapter explores Wang Xi-Zhi's life story and works, and discusses the background and talents of Wei and Jin metaphysics according to Wang Xi-Zhi's age. This research is based on the origin of calligraphy theory and the origin of Wang Xi-Zhi's calligraphy theory. The third chapter explains the content and characteristics of Wang Xi-Zhi's representative calligraphy works. Explain the characteristics of each work, analyze its content characteristics, techniques show the fun and artistic beauty of ink rhyme, and present Wang Xi-Zhi's calligraphic aesthetics. The fourth chapter analyzes the historical evaluation of Wang Xi-Zhi's calligraphy aesthetics. Firstly, it discusses the presentation of Confucianism and Taoism aesthetics in calligraphy theory. Secondly, discuss the concept of calligraphy creation that cannot be fully expressed. Finally, analyze the principles of aesthetic creation and the concept of subject cultivation. The fifth chapter discusses the evaluation of Wang Xi-Zhi's calligraphy from the calligraphy papers of the past dynasties. The influence of Wang Xi-Zhi's calligraphy is divided into: the natural formation of people who are old and old, the emphasis on Confucian ethics, the use of Taoist natural views, Wang Xi-Zhi's calligraphy is vigorous, the artistic concept of calligraphy, and the aesthetic feeling of calligraphy. The sixth chapter studies Wang Xi-Zhi's calligraphy aesthetics, taking Wang Xi-Zhi's as a model when learning calligraphy, emphasizing that calligraphers should actively improve their own cultivation, be clear about the calligraphy viewpoints in the calligraphy papers of the past dynasties, and achieve personal awakening to the artistic situation
[[alternative]]A Study of Using Picture Book Teaching to Improve Young Children's Prosocial Behaviors
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究之目的在探討教師運用繪本教學提升幼兒利社會行為之學習成效。採準實驗研究。研究對象為台北市私立幼兒園16位幼兒，小班7位、中班9位。研究者依據文獻探討歸納設計，進行十二週的利社會繪本教學活動，本研究所使用的量測工具為趙恕平（2007）編擬的「幼兒利社會行為評定量表-教師版」及黃雯蕾（2012）修改「幼兒利社會行為家長評定量表-主要照顧者」作為前、後測的測量工具，過程中運用教師、家長訪談表，時間觀察記錄表、家長利社會學習單、錄影等方式搜集資料，配合研究目的加以分析、詮釋與整理。 研究結果發現如下： 一、繪本教學介入後在園所關懷、分享、幫助、合作利社會行為顯著提升; 二、繪本教學介入後，在園所男生前、後測差異表現利社會行為四個類型皆優於女生 ; 三、繪本教學介入在家中分享行為顯著提升 ; 四、繪本教學介入後，在家中女生前、後測差異表現利社會行為四個類型皆優於男生 ; 五、繪本教學後，幼兒在園所增進利社會（關懷、分享、幫助、合作）的認知外，進行思考、討論及合作解決問題，在學習區與同儕建立友好關係及學習樂趣，出現更多口語表達與合作行為，進而提升其能力 ; 六、繪本教學後，幼兒在家中關懷、分享、幫助、合作行為的表現上，幼兒出現較多的主動性行為、次數、行為難度也增加。[[abstract]] The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of picture-book teaching on improving young children’s learning of prosocial behaviors. A quasiexperimental design was employed, and the research participants were 16 young children from a private preschool in Taipei City. Among the participants; 7 of them ranged from 3 years old to below 4 years old, and 9 were from 4 years old to below 5 years old. Based on a literature review, the researcher conducted a 12-week prosocial behavior teaching activity using picture books. These children’s prosocial behaviors were measured using a protest and a posttest based on Chao’s （2007） preschooler prosocial behavior scale for teacher and Huang’s（2012）young children prosocial behavior scale for parents （primary caregiver). During the research process, the researcher also collected data by using a teacher interview form, a parent interview form, a time-based record form, a parent’s prosocial behavior worksheet, and video recordings. The data were analyzed, interpreted, and organized according to the research objectives. This study revealed the following results. After the picture-book teaching intervention: I. The prosocial behaviors of caring, sharing, helping, and collaboration at the preschool significantly increased. II. The pretest–posttest differences revealed that male participants outperformed female participants in all 4 prosocial behaviors at preschool. III. Participants’ sharing behavior at home significantly increased. IV. The pretest–posttest differences revealed that female participants outperformed male participants in all 4 prosocial behaviors at home. V. The participants increased their understanding of prosocial behaviors （caring, sharing, helping, and collaboration） at preschool and engaged in thinking, discussion, and collaboration to solve problems. In the learning area at the preschool, they established friendly relationships with their peers and had fun learning. They showed more oral expressions and collaborative behaviors, and their overall social skills were improved. VI. Participants engaged more proactively and frequently in more difficult prosocial behaviors at home for all 4 types of prosocial behaviors
[[alternative]]Language Development of Hearing Impaired Students--A Case Study of a Sheng Player
No full text[[abstract]] 音樂是一種以聲音形式表現為主的藝術類別，音樂家能否表現出色，聽力敏銳度似乎是關鍵因素。就一般的認知而言，通常不會考慮栽培聽障生朝向音樂領域發展，畢竟那是他們的弱項，但本論文的研究對象顯然是其中的特例。彦暄兩歲時被檢測出雙耳聽力損失在80分貝左右，屬於中重度聽力障礙，配戴助聽器後依然無法達到正常水準。小學階段的課堂中，老師十句話中，了不起只能聽懂一兩句，課業跟不上大家，自卑感也隨之而起。所幸，三年級下學期因緣際會下與笙相遇，那是他人生的轉捩點。學習這項樂器，在老師的專業教學及父母的積極引導下，很快就能上手，不到一年的時間竟然取得台中市學生音樂比賽國小組第一名的佳績，自信心從此建立，更驚喜的是一項伴隨而來的意外收穫，因為學習這項吹管樂器時，需要練習大量的舌部基本功，尤其是「雙吐」（Double Tonguing）的技術訓練，讓舌頭的靈活度大大提升，這對口語能力產生了有相當大的啟發作用，講話咬字的清晰度大大提升，似乎比他之前接受過的專業語言治療還更加有成效。此後他繼續不間斷地學習，後來樂器演奏程度不但達到專業水準，甚至還考了音樂系專攻音樂，展開豐富多彩的生活面貌。 一般來說，聽障生通常不是獨自陷入困境的個體，整個家庭都會共同面對，若以聽障生所屬的家庭為單位，在眾多有聽障生的家庭中，筆者也算是局內人（Insider）。彦暄與笙及其行動者網絡互動的整個過程，筆者身為母親完全參與其中，恰好能以的局內人的角度進行觀察、紀錄、描述並分析、探討彦暄如何與媒介（Intermediary）笙及其背後行動者網絡（Actor Network）進行互動，以及運用音樂語言能力與大眾互動交流的過程中，個人文化身分在自身所處社會族群脈絡中產生甚麼樣的變化，並描述擁有口語及笙樂語言的雙重語言能力之後所發展出的新可能性。期盼本論文能將經驗分享給更多有同樣狀況的朋友們參考，同時也希望藉此拋磚引玉，引起學界的討論，為相關領域整體的進步做出些許貢獻。[[abstract]] Music is an art that is primarily expressed in the form of sound, and aural acuity seems to be a key factor in a musician's ability to perform well. As far as general cognition is concerned, it is usually not considered to cultivate hearing-impaired students to develop in the field of music, after all, that is their weakness, but the research object of this paper is obviously a special case. When Yanxuan was two years old, he was found to have a hearing loss of 80 decibels in both ears, which is a moderate to severe hearing impairment. After wearing a hearing aid, he still could not reach the normal level. In the primary school class, out of ten sentences spoken by the teacher, he could only understand one or two sentences at most, and his academic performance could not keep up with everyone, and he also felt inferior. Fortunately, in the second semester of the third grade, he met the musical instrument Sheng by chance. It was a turning point in his life. He could learn this musical instrument very quickly. Under the professional teaching of the teacher and the active guidance of his parents, within a year He actually won the first place in the national group of the Taichung City Student Music Competition, and his self-confidence was built up from then on. What is even more surprising is an accompanying unexpected gain, because when learning this instrument, you need to practice tongue skills, especially the technical training of “Double Tonguing” greatly improves the flexibility of the tongue, which has a considerable inspiring effect on language ability, and the clarity of speech and articulation is greatly improved. It seemed to be more effective than the professional speech therapy he had received before.Since then, he has continued to study uninterruptedly, and later he has reached a professional level in playing musical instruments. He even took the examination of the music department to specialize in music, and developed a rich and colorful life. Generally speaking, a hearing-impaired student is not an individual in trouble alone, and the whole family will face it together. If the family of the hearing-impaired student is taken as the unit, among the many families with hearing-impaired students, I can be regarded as an insider. . As a mother, I fully participated in the whole process of Yanxuan's interaction with Sheng and its network of actors, and I happened to be able to observe, record, describe, analyze, and discuss how Yanxuan interacted with Sheng and its actors from the perspective of an insider. In the process of interacting with the Actor Network behind the scenes and the use of musical language ability to interact with the public, what changes have occurred in personal cultural identity in the context of their own social group, and describe those who have spoken language and Sheng music language New possibilities developed after dual language proficiency. It is hoped that this paper can share the experience with more friends who have the same situation for reference. At the same time, I also hope to use this to inspire discussions in the academic circles and make some contributions to the overall progress of related fields
[[alternative]]The Application of Fingerstyle Guitar Techniques--Taking Four Pieces from Wei-Chieh Huang's Graduate Recital as an Example
No full text[[abstract]] 指彈吉他的發展，是從爵士樂等樂曲當中，曲子中間的吉他獨奏片段所衍生，從一小段旋律到後面慢慢加長，並增加許多炫技的演奏技巧，最後獨立出來發展成一首樂曲。指彈吉他在世界各地都有知名的演奏家，像是日本的伍伍慧（Satoshi Gogo）、韓國的吉他神童鄭晟河（정성하）等等，而指彈吉他在台灣的發展已經擁有十年以上的歷程，在這方面的競賽也有舉辦過，最著名的就是素有「吉他詩人」封號的董運昌老師所舉辦的Guitar Utopia，於2011年12月4日開辦第一屆的「烏托邦吉他大賽」最廣為人知，可見指彈吉他在台灣有越來越多志同道合的朋友不斷的在這個領域中發展。不過由於指彈吉他是偏向自由的演奏形式，因此並沒有相關的論文在研究指彈吉他，絕大多數都是以研究古典吉他的演奏詮釋為主，因此筆者想以指彈吉他做為研究的主題。 此論文將挑選出筆者的音樂會當中，四首比較有特色且具代表的指彈吉他曲目《左岸印象》、《風之國度》、Berkley Springs、Drifting作為詮釋與分析的討論對象，像是《左岸印象》全曲使用了基本的技巧像是搥弦、勾弦等等，《風之國度》使用了特殊調弦以及拍泛音，Berkley Springs使用了特殊調弦呈現鄉村風格，Drifting使用了大量的敲擊技巧等等，而這四首曲子的整體特色是，都有出現彈奏上常出現的技巧，像是搥弦、勾弦、滑弦，而差異性方面，雖說四首曲子都有用到搥弦，但《左岸印象》、《風之國度》、Berkley Springs這三首曲子是用左手完成，而Drifting則是用右手完成。[[abstract]] The development of “fingerstyle” derived from the guitar solo passages during Jazz and such music and then stood out as an independent performing technique. Fingerstyle guitar has well-known players all over the world, such as Japan's Wu Wuhui (Satoshi Gogo), South Korea's guitar prodigy Zheng Shenghe (정성하), etc., and the development of fingerstyle guitar in Taiwan Experienced more than ten years. The most famous one is the Guitar Utopia Competition organized by Dong Yunchang, who is known as the “Guitar Poet“. The first “Utopia Guitar Contest” was held on December 4, 2011. “The most well-known, and the fifth in 2018, it can be seen that more and more like-minded friends of fingerstyle guitar in Taiwan continue to develop in this field. However, since fingerstyle is a free form of performance, there are no relevant papers on fingerstyle, and most of them are studies on classical guitar playing. Therefore, the author wants to use fingerstyle as the research topic. This thesis selects four distinctive fingerstyle guitar pieces from the author's concerts, “Left Bank Impression”, ” Land of the Wind”, “Berkley Springs”, and “Drifting” as the discussion objects for interpretation and analysis. For example, “Left Bank Impression” used basic techniques such as hammer-on and pull-offs, etc., “Land of the Wind” used special tuning and beat harmonics, and “Berkley Springs” used special tuning to present a country style. “Drifting” uses a lot of percussion techniques, etc., and the overall feature of these four pieces is that they all have common playing skills, such as hammer-on, pull-off, and slide. In terms of differences, although the four pieces all use hammer-on, the three pieces “Left Bank Impression”, “Land of the Wind” and “Berkley Springs” are done with the left hand, while “Drifting” is done with the right hand
[[alternative]]Integration of Chinese--Style Pop Music into Music Curriculum at Haipu Elementary School in Changhuab County
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究目的旨在探討「中國風流行音樂」如何應用於國小中高年級的音樂教學中，研究對象3～6年級學生人數共83人，以藝術與人文課本範圍，編寫跨領域美感音樂課程五大主題課程設計，第一主題詩詞元素融合了京腔～琵琶行，第二主題是崑曲元素～遊園三月初九，第三主題是敦煌元素～九色鹿，第四主題是詩詞&Rock元素～竹石，第五主題是詩詞元素&阿卡貝拉和聲元素～山居秋暝來進行音樂教學活動，希望學生藉由本研究音樂教學進而學習中華文化的詩詞、敦煌舞蹈、崑曲等多元藝術。 本研究將透過文獻探討來建立理論基礎並採用觀察法及行動研究來進行音樂教學活動，再將教學後之成效進行探討，於本研究呈現。研究結果：運用中國風流行音樂融入國小音樂課程中，能提升學生對中國風流行音樂的詩詞、崑腔、敦煌舞蹈與中華文化的喜愛，且大部分的學生對此研究教案單元的音樂學習是很感興趣。 期能經由本研究論文，讓學生透過音樂多認識中華文化藝術之美，進而愛護中華文化以及提升藝術涵養與美感素養。[[abstract]] The purpose of this study is to explore how “Chinese style pop music” is applied to the music teaching of elementary school, middle and senior grades. The number of students in the 3rd to 6th grades of the research objects is 83. With the scope of art and humanities textbooks, five cross-disciplinary aesthetic music courses are compiled. Theme curriculum design, the first theme is the integration of elements of Beijing opera ～ Pipa Xing, the second theme is the element of Kunqu opera ～ the ninth day of March in the garden, the third theme is the element of Dunhuang ～ nine-color deer, the fourth theme is the element of poetry & Rock ～ bamboo stone, the second theme The five themes are the elements of poetry & a cappella harmony elements ～ Dwelling in the mountains and autumn night to carry out music teaching activities. It is hoped that students will learn Chinese poetry, Dunhuang dance, Kunqu opera, ink painting, calligraphy and other diverse arts through music teaching in this research. This study will establish a theoretical basis through literature review and use observation and action research to carry out music teaching activities, and then discuss the effects of teaching and present it in this study. Research results： The use of Chinese-style pop music in the elementary school music curriculum can enhance students' love for Chinese-style pop music's poetry, Kunqiang, Dunhuang dance and Chinese culture, and most of the students' music learning in the teaching plan unit is very interested. It is hoped that through this research paper, students can learn more about the artistic beauty of traditional Chinese culture through music, and then cherish Chinese culture and improve their artistic and aesthetic qualities
[[alternative]]Karma Sangye Dolma's Spiritual Journey to the Lapchi Snow Mountain: A Self-Narrative Study
No full text[[abstract]] 這是一篇關於想到西藏偉大瑜伽士密勒日巴的主要修行地「拉契雪山」朝聖及發現自我的生命故事文本，本研究目的在探討敘說研究者學佛之後生命的轉化及敘說研究者在拉契雪山的見聞與領悟。 本研究採取質性研究中的自我敘說，本研究主要使用Lieblich 等人提出的敘說分析方法，採取「整體─內容」的方式從整體的角度來檢視生命故事，進行敘事文本的閱讀與分析，在與文本的對話中，覺察到自己的理想，同時透過不斷與文本對話看到自己的未來目標，在研究者在學佛的20年之間，將追隨的上師及參與的灌頂、課程及活動整理出來，在整理資料時也不斷的自我省思，藉由檢視自己的生命故事，為未來畫下藍圖，也希望論文能利益自己及他人。最後本研究提出研究建議，以提供對想做相關研究者或修行者參考。[[abstract]] This is a text about the life story of thinking of the pilgrimage and self-discovery of the main practice place of the great Tibetan yogi Milarepa “Lapchi Snow Mountain”, and the purpose of this research is to explore the transformation of life after the study of Buddhism and the experience and understanding of the researcher in the Lapchi Snow Mountain. This study mainly uses the narrative analysis method proposed by Lieblich et al., adopts the “whole-content” approach to examine the life story from a holistic perspective, reads and analyzes the narrative text, is aware of one's own ideals in the dialogue with the text, and at the same time sees his future goals through continuous dialogue with the text, and sorts out the teachers he followed and the empowerments, courses and activities he participated in during the 20 years that the researcher has been studying Buddhism. When organizing the information, he also constantly self-reflects, draws a blueprint for the future by examining his own life story, and hopes that the paper can benefit himself and others. Finally, this study proposes research recommendations to provide reference for those who want to do relevant research or practitioners
[[alternative]]A Study of the Adult Drug Treatment and Recovery Process according to the Counselors' Perspective
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究旨在探究諮商心理師觀點如何檢視成年藥癮者戒癮復歸歷程，透過半結構式深度訪談形式探討諮商心理師之戒癮工作經驗，瞭解諮商心理師陪伴藥癮者歷經戒癮與社會復歸歷程時所產生的介入觀點，以及其觀點影響處遇介入之因素，本研究採用質性研究方法，研究對象為三位實際服務藥癮者歷經戒癮復歸歷程、且具備戒癮工作年資達兩年以上之實務諮商心理師，藉由深度訪談進行資料蒐集與分析，整理出以下結果:一、諮商心理師於戒癮工作中將視藥癮者個別狀況，評估與提供多元的戒癮處遇，介入歷程亦可能因專業定位之差異，進而形成相異的工作任務。二、諮商心理師對於藥物使用與藥物成癮之觀點可能影響其於戒癮工作之專業判斷及後續介入處遇，應時刻覺察個人觀點之影響，方能客觀評估藥癮者整體狀況，並提供藥癮者適切之戒癮處遇。三、戒癮工作涉及層面廣泛，諮商心理師提供戒癮處遇時可能受外在系統干擾，進而形成實務工作之落差，並成為戒癮工作之影響因子。四、諮商心理師陪伴藥癮者戒癮與社會復歸，可能經歷漫長且動態的反覆歷程，藉由心理的預備、專業的訓練以及系統間的合作等多面向的介入，方可協助藥癮者逐步跨越生理與心理層面之影響，並復歸社會，回到原有之關係連結與穩定生活。最後，依據研究結果提出對於未來研究、實務工作以及政策上的建議。[[abstract]] The purpose of this study is to examine how the perspective of counselor examines the journey of adult drug addicts from abstinence to rehabilitation. Through semi-structured interviews, the study investigates counselors’ professional experience in drug abstinence work, their perspective for intervention arising from working with patients during drug abstinence and rehabilitation, as well as factors influencing their perspective on treatment and intervention. This study utilizes qualitative research method, with subjects being three counselors who have provided drug abstinence and rehabilitation support to patients, with at least two plus years of working experience in drug abstinence work. Through in-depth interviews, data are collected and analyzed, with the results as follows:1. counselors shall taken into consideration, the individual circumstances of each patient during drug abstinence support, assess and provide diverse abstinence treatment. Intervention may vary depending on expertise, resulting in different mission objectives.2. The perspective of a counselor on drug use and drug addiction may influence their professional judgment regarding abstinence as well as subsequent intervention treatment. counseling psychologists should constantly observe the impact of their individual perspective, so as to objectively assess the overall condition of their patients, and provide them with appropriate abstinence treatment.3. Drug abstinence work involves a wide breadth, counselors may be susceptible to externalities when providing abstinence treatment, leading to discrepancies in actual work implemented, and become factors influencing drug abstinence work.4. When counselors work with patients towards drug abstinence and rehabilitation, the journey may prove long and arduous, riddled with relapses. Only with adequate mental preparation, professional training and multilateral cooperation between bodies, can they assist patients to gradually overcome biological and psychological barriers and successfully rehabilitate, reestablishing their former connections and return to normal life.Lastly, based on the aforementioned results, the study provides suggestions for future research, intervention work and policies
[[alternative]]A Study on the Motivation for Aromatherapy Essential Oil Use, Emotional Management, Work Stress, and Work Efficiency
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究旨在探討台灣地區使用芳香精油的工作者對使用動機、情緒管理、工作壓力和工作效率的相關性及影響，研究以台灣地區有使用芳香精油的工作者為本研究之對象，以網路google表單問卷發放，回收有效300份問卷，問卷回收後，以SPSS統計軟體為工具，分析方法包括敘述性統計、T檢定單因子變異數分析與迴歸分析。 研究結果顯示，在差異分析方面，不同的人口統計變項對芳香精油使用動機、情緒管理、工作壓力和工作效率有顯著差異。在迴歸分析方面，芳香精油使用動機對情緒管理、工作壓力和工作效率均具有正向影響；情緒管理對工作壓力有負向影響；工作壓力對工作效率有負向影響。這些結果有助於提供關於芳香精油、情緒管理和工作效率的實證研究結果和建議。[[abstract]] The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship and impact of the use of aromatherapy essential oils on motivation, emotion management, work stress, and work efficiency among workers in Taiwan. The study focuses on workers in Taiwan who use aromatherapy essential oils and employs an online Google Form questionnaire for data collection. A total of 300 valid questionnaires were collected and analyzed using SPSS statistical software, utilizing descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and regression analysis. The research findings indicate significant differences in the motivation for using aromatherapy essential oils, emotion management, work stress, and work efficiency among different demographic variables. Regression analysis reveals that motivation for using aromatherapy essential oils has a positive impact on emotion management, work stress, and work efficiency. Emotion management has a negative influence on work stress, and work stress has a negative impact on work efficiency. These results contribute to providing empirical research findings and recommendations regarding aromatherapy essential oils, emotion management, and work efficiency
[[alternative]]Immediate and Continued Benefits of Horticultural Therapy on the Emotions and Well-being of Residents in a Nursing Home
No full text[[abstract]] 背景及目的：護理之家住民大部分為多重疾病、護理需求高之中重度以上依賴的個案，他們可能在機構中因生活模式改變、缺乏活動及親情支持，而造成負面情緒與身心、社交、認知功能逐漸衰退。園藝治療應用在護理之家住民，有許多正面成效的文獻。而文獻中大多針對園藝治療所帶來的立即效益做討論，但較少探討園藝治療介入時序長短帶來的效益結果是否不同，以及介入結束後是否仍有持續效益。本研究目的以探討園藝治療對護理之家住民的憂鬱狀況、正向情緒及福祉效益與介入的時序長短其相對關係及介入結束後效益持續性。 材料及方法：本研究為單組類實驗研究設計，採立意取樣，收案對象為台南某私立護理之家內的住民。園藝治療每週執行一次，每次活動時間為1.5小時，共計十週。活動介入前進行前測，於活動第五週、第十週分別進行後測，而活動結束後第四週與第八週進行追蹤測量。活動課程主題設計為二個循環課程，前五週進行第一個循環課程，後五週再進行二個循環課程，而兩個循環課程其活動特性與主題相同，僅對活動物件做變化。研究測量工具包括基本屬性資料表、簡式老人憂鬱量表、園藝治療福祉效益前後測問卷表、正向與負向情感量表進行評估。數據資料以SPSS18.0軟體為分析工具，統計方法包括基本資料屬性次數分配表、描述性統計、成對樣本t檢定。 結果：研究結果發現園藝治療介入週期長短與成效有相對關係，對於改善住民憂鬱、提升正向情緒及福祉效益，介入第十週的成效是優於介入第五週，最為顯著是「園藝知識」、「成就感」。而在活動結束後對於住民情緒改善效益則無持續性，但在福祉效益部分，由於兩個同性質的循環課程加深了住民對園藝技能的熟練度及參與度，因此在「邏輯認知」與「園藝知識」兩個項目上有增強持續效益作用。[[abstract]] Background and purpose: The majority of residents of nursing homes suffer from multiple illnesses or suffer from moderate to serious illnesses that require high nursing care needs. Lifestyle changes in nursing homes, the lack of activities, and the lack of family support for residents of nursing homes can lead to the onset of negative emotions and a gradual decline of their mind, body, social, and cognitive functions. In literature, there are numerous studies that have reported on the positive impact of horticultural therapy on nursing home residents. However, most of these studies focused on its immediate effect, whereas few studies have investigated whether different durations of horticultural therapy intervention lead to different outcomes. Furthermore, few research have studied the continued effects of horticultural therapy after the interventions have ended. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of horticultural therapy on the state of depression, positive emotion and well-being of nursing home residents. In addition, the duration of the intervention and its impact on the continued benefits after the intervention ended was studied. Materials and Methods: The studied used a single-group, purposive sampling experimental design. Participants of this study were recruited from residents of a nursing home in Tainan City. Horticultural therapy activities were carried out once a week for ten weeks, with each session lasting 1.5 hours. A pre-test was carried out before the horticultural therapy session. A post-test was carried out at the end of week 5 and week 10. In addition, follow-up data were collected 4 weeks and 8 weeks after the end of the intervention. The horticultural therapy activities were designed to comprise two cycles: the first 5 weeks formed the first cycle, and the second 5 weeks made up the second cycle. The features and themes of these two cycles were similar with only the materials used being different. The following questionnaires were used in this study: the Basic Sociodemographic Information Questionnaire, the Geriatric Depression Scale – short form (GDS-15), the Efficacy of Horticultural Therapy Evaluation Form, and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Descriptive statistics and paired sample t-test analyses were carried out. All data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software. Results: Findings from this study showed a relationship between the duration of the horticultural therapy intervention and its effect on the participants. In terms of improving the state of depression, positive emotions, as well as the well-being of the participants, the post-test results showed significant improvements at week 10 compared to week 5. In particular, the ‘Horticultural knowledge’ and ‘Sense of accomplishment’ categories were found to have a significant impact. However, in terms of emotional effects, no lasting improvements were observed in the follow-up assessments of the nursing home residents. Nevertheless, with regard to the effect on their well-being, dividing the activities into two cycles helped the participants become more familiarized and involved with the activities. As a result, the ‘Logical understanding’ and ‘Horticultural knowledge’ categories showed continued benefits eight weeks after the intervention had ended
[[alternative]]Effects of Short- and Long-period Lavender Essential Oil Inhalation Improving on Fatigue, Emotional Anxiety and Sleep Quality among Middle-Aged Adults with Hypertension
No full text[[abstract]] 背景及目的：過去的研究顯示高血患者常因身體不適症狀無法改善，容易產生焦慮與睡眠品質不佳的情形。因此，本研究目的在於探討透過口罩磁扣吸嗅薰衣草精油改善中年高血壓患者的疲憊、情緒焦慮與睡眠品質在短期與長期介入後的成效。 研究對象與方法：本研究於2022年7月至2022年10月期間，共招募了58名年齡在40至64歲之間的中年高血壓患者，以隨機分配方式將受試者分成吸嗅薰衣草精油的實驗組30名和吸嗅甜杏仁油的對照組28名。受試者除了填寫基本資料和使用醫療情形外，在實驗前、短期（15分鐘）和長期（7天）介入後分別填寫：情境特質焦慮量表、疲勞量表、維辛氏睡眠量表和量測血壓 (包括舒張壓和收縮壓)，並且進一步分析受試者的不適症狀、是否罹患其他慢性病以及使用輔助療法的情形。研究數據以SPSS 20.0統計軟體進行分析，比較實驗組與對照組的血壓、疲勞、焦慮與睡眠量表分數之差異。 結果：參與本研究的受試者平均年齡為 55.6 歲，其中 51.7%為女性。根據統計結果顯示，收縮壓大於或等於140 mmHg的受訪者有82.7%，因血壓異常產生其他不適症狀的人有63.8%，其中超過51.7%的人至少患有一種慢性疾病。將實驗組與對照組的結果進行比較，顯示吸嗅薰衣草精油15分鐘後，實驗組與對照組的收縮壓分別降低3.7 vs. 0.2分 (P=0.025)，情境特質焦慮量表降低15.7 vs. 8.9分 (P<0.001)，皆顯著降低。在實驗介入第7天後，實驗組與對照組的收縮壓降低9.9 vs. 1.2分（P=0.002），舒張壓降低6.9 vs. 1.3（P=0.033），情境特質焦慮量表降低15.6 vs. 0.6（P<0.001），疲勞量表在短期與長期介入後的比較，實驗組與對照組分別降低4.8 vs. 0.9（P=0.011），實驗組的得分跟對照組相比亦顯著降低許多。此外，分析維辛氏睡眠量表在實驗介入的前後差異，結果顯示實驗組與對照組的睡眠得分差異值為165分比4.7分，改善程度明顯高於對照組（P=0.043）。 結論 : 本研究結果顯示短期吸嗅薰衣草精油不僅可以降低收縮壓和緩解焦慮情形，在長期7天的薰衣草精油介入下，還可以改善舒張壓、疲勞狀況和睡眠品質。因此，建議吸嗅薰衣草精油可以作為醫療單位對於高血壓患者的補充和輔助替代療法。[[abstract]] Background and Aim： Previous researches indicated that Lavender essential oil was frequently used to relieve the adverse symptoms and sleep disorder in patients with hypertension. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of inhalation of lavender essential oil through aroma diffuser clip for surgical face mask on physiological responses and anxiety level, and sleep quality. Methods： A total of 58 adults aged 40 to 64 years with hypertension were recruited and assigned to either the intervention (0.1 ml lavender essential oil, N=30) or the control (0.1 ml sweet almond oil, N=28) group in a randomized control trial (RCT) from July 2022 to October 2022. In addition to the demographic characteristics and healthcare utilization of the respondents, the following parameters were measured before and after the short-period (15 min) and long-period (15 min for seven consecutive day) study interventions: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFQ 11), Verran and Snyder-Halpern Sleep Scale (VHS), and blood pressure (BP) (systolic and diastolic blood pressure). SPSS 20.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data. Analyses of variances were conducted to compare the scores of the above parameters between the groups. Results：The mean age of the subjects was 55.6 years and 51.7% of whom was women. Results indicated that 82.7% of the respondents whose systolic BP was greater or equal to 140 mmHg and more than 51.7% of them had at least one chronic disease. Significantly lower systolic BP (3.7 vs. 0.2, P=0.025) and STAI score (15.7 vs. 8.9, P<0.001) were observed in the intervention group after 15 min inhalation of Lavender essential oil compared with the control group. At seven days, the systolic (9.9 vs. 1.2, P=0.002) and diastolic BPs (6.9 vs. 1.3, P=0.033), and STAI (15.6 vs. 0.6, P<0.001) and CFQ 11 (4.8 vs. 0.9, P=0.011) scores of intervention group were reduced notably compared with controls. Furthermore, when the VHS score was analyzed pre- and post-intervention, the intervention group was significantly higher compared with the control (165 vs. 4.7, P=0.043). Conclusion : In conclusion, not only systolic BP and anxiety level can be alleviate by short-term inhalation of lavender essential oil, the diastolic BP, fatigue condition, and sleep quality can be improved following 7-day lavender essential oil treatments. Finding from these results provided evidences that inhaling lavender essential oil can be used as a complementary and alternative medicines (CAMS) for patients with hypertension