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Achieving optimal design of the production line with obtainable resource capacity
No full text[[abstract]]The Maximal Profit Model for reaching an optimal design of the production line undergoing the limitations of obtainable resources is presented in this paper. This model is treated as an integer programming problem, and an efficient step-by-step algorithm to solve this problem is also constructed. In addition, it is discussed that the operation cost of a machine does not include idle and breakdown situations while the maintenance cost for a broken machine should be considered. This study offers a better tool for achieving the optimal design of a flexible production line and reveals the special applicability of the shortest path in production line design
[[alternative]]The Income Taxation of Revenue Maximization under a Given Exemption
No full text[[abstract]]本文先針對下列兩項假設條件:(1)所有課稅單位的免稅額皆相同(2)課稅 單位對各種不同稅制的反應，具有完全彈性可選擇其工作時間或工作努力程度以 決定其所得;來構建稅收最大化的課稅模式。並透過此模式最佳解的討論，展示 稅收最大化之邊際稅率的特徵及個人對稅收最大化的反應行為。 在某些情況下，上述模式的二個假設條件會限制其應用場合。概因如果一個既定 的所得稅的課徵制度已規範了納稅者可採行某一合併申報規則申報所得稅，則不 同課稅單位可能會有不同的免稅額度。其次，不可否認的實務上亦可能發生課稅 單位對工作時間或工作努力程度之選擇，祇能被動的接受而不能自由決定其休閒 與工作的時間比率。因此，為了擴充上述課稅模式的應用性，本文提出一個可將 上述二個假設條件加以寬放之一般化所得稅課徵模式。並提示進一步應用時可具 體操作的程序。
We try to construct a mathematical taxation model which brings the maximum tax revenue .The model is constructed on the basis of two assumptions:(1) The same exemptions for all taxpaying units (2) All taxpaying units have the rights to decide their working hours or effort. Through the discussion on the optimal solution of the model, it shows the characteristics of an optimal taxation system and human reactions to it. However, above two assumptions are restricted under specific conditions; for example, different levels of exemption are produced if taxpayers adopt the legal integration approach in a tax system. Secondly, the taxpaying unit can't be free to decide their working hours or the ratio of working time and leisure time. Therefore, we propose a generalized model in which the assumptions are broadly liberalized. Moreover, we are trying to suggest the practical operating steps for application
EA/G-GA for Single Machine Scheduling Problems with Earliness/Tardiness Costs
No full text[[abstract]]An Estimation of Distribution Algorithm (EDA), which depends on explicitly sampling mechanisms based on probabilistic models with information extracted from the parental solutions to generate new solutions, has constituted one of the major research areas in the field of evolutionary computation. The fact that no genetic operators are used in EDAs is a major characteristic differentiating EDAs from other genetic algorithms (GAs). This advantage, however, could lead to premature convergence of EDAs as the probabilistic models are no longer generating diversified solutions. In our previous research [1], we have presented the evidences that EDAs suffer from the drawback of premature convergency, thus several important guidelines are provided for the design of effective EDAs. In this paper, we validated one guideline for incorporating other meta-heuristics into the EDAs. An algorithm named "EA/G-GA" is proposed by selecting a well-known EDA, EA/G, to work with GAs. The proposed algorithm was tested on the NP-Hard single machine scheduling problems with the total weighted earliness/tardiness cost in a just-in-time environment. The experimental results indicated that the EA/G-GA outperforms the compared algorithms statistically significantly across different stopping criteria and demonstrated the robustness of the proposed algorithm. Consequently, this paper is of interest and importance in the field of EDAs
[[alternative]]二階段設計下反應率之均勻最小變異數不偏估計量
No full text[[abstract]]在賽門二階段設計中，若新藥療效不如預期，則試驗可能在第一階段即提前停止試驗。反之，當第二階段允許進行時，研究人員希望對療效反應率有準確的估計，以作為接下來的確認療效試驗中計算所需樣本數的資訊。在療效反應率的估計上，一般多是採用樣本比例或是最大概式估計量來估計。然而樣本比例會顯著高估療效反應率，反之，最大概式估計量則會出現輕微低估的現象。因此，在第二階段允許進行的情況下，本研究推導出療效反應率之均勻最小變異數不偏估計量，來完全消除估計上的偏差。雖然均勻最小變異數不偏估計量在效率上較樣本比例差，但是卻不像樣本比例存在明顯的偏差。
In a Simon's two-stage design, the trial may be terminated early for lack of drug efficacy at the first stage. When the second stage is allowed to continue, an accurate estimate of the response rate is needed for determining the sample size in the subsequent confirmatory trial. It is natural to use either a sample proportion or a maximum likelihood estimator to estimate the true response rate. However, the sample proportion will significantly overestimate the response rate and the maximum likelihood estimator has slight downward bias. Therefore, this paper derives a uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator for the response rate when the trial continues to the second stage. Due to a trade-off with completely eliminating the bias, the proposed estimator is slightly less efficient than the sample proportion, which has a more significant positive bias
[[alternative]]The Physical and Mental Conditions and Life Transformation Experiences of Female Suicide Attempters who Suffered Domestic Violence
No full text[[abstract]]研究者因職場工作關係服務過許多自殺未遂的個案，藉由深度訪談遭受家庭暴力之女性自殺未遂者，採主題分析法後，結果發現遭受家庭暴力之女性自殺未遂者自殺前的身心狀況為：（1）原生家庭不幸福，無法感受到父母的愛；（2）生活困苦，經濟來源匱乏；（3）婚姻生活起衝突；（4）以家人為生活中心的宿命價值觀。自殺當時的想法及處境是：（1）婆婆及丈夫的言語刺激，萌生自殺念頭；（2）不知道如何求助；（3）不想讓家人受到傷害，自己了結；（4）讓她們堅持下去的對象消失了，失去生存的意義；（5）留下自殺訊息，心存一絲想獲救的希望。自殺獲救的身心狀況為：（1）政府及民間社福單位資源介入，心情放鬆許多；（2）自殺後遺症帶來生活不便。生命轉化經驗有：（1）感恩曾幫助過她們的人，重新體認到生命的價值；（2）再度肯定自己的能力；（3）改變對事情的看法及態度；（4）家庭關係修復，重拾笑容；（5）獲得宗教信仰與心靈寄託。本研究據此肯定研究參與者從「受害者」到「倖存者」到成為「貢獻者」，也認為修復受暴者的家庭關係仍是未來社政單位需協助的重點。據此提出相關建議，供遭受家庭暴力之女性自殺未遂者、專業助人工作者和社政單位參考。
The purposes of this current research were exploring the female's physical and mental conditions before and after they had suicidal actions, and drawing illustrating the life transformation experiences of those suicidal survivors. This current research was conducted by in-depth interview with five female participants. The findings included: 1.participants lived in unhappy, low income family, had marriage problems, and family was the only world in their life, before they had suicidal actions; 2. The reasons might lead to the suicidal decision were husbands and their mother-in-laws’ maltreatments, helplessness, did not want to hurt or trouble their families anymore, lacked of the meaning of life, passes suicidal attempt to others in order to ask for help; 3.after received assistances, participants received resources to help them to release emotional stress, but had to live with the sequel of suicide; 4. life transformation experiences included felt the value of life again, built a new self-affirmation, changed their life attitude, fixed family relationship, and gained religious support. Following the findings, the major key points to support female suicide was presented in the discussion. This current research would like to acknowledge the contributions of five research participants, they transferred themselves from victims to survivors then to contributors
[[alternative]]The Pursuit and Conflict of Freedom: The Narrative of Resistance and Its Dialectics in “Attack on Titan”
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究論題為「自由的追尋與衝突─《進擊的巨人》中之抗爭敘事及其辯證」，主要以《進擊的巨人》作為分析之文本。由於《進擊的巨人》之故事內容涉及了許多議題，如：對於正義、自由的解釋亦或是種族意識的排擠與邊緣化等議題。隱含作者將上述內容加入至故事本身，並藉由情節安排來對其議題內容進行深入探討。因此本研究依序分別為「《進擊的巨人》中之抗爭敘事」、「《進擊的巨人》抗爭敘事之敘事結構」、「《進擊的巨人》中的辯證意識」等章節，來探討隱含作者真正的敘事意識為何。 本研究之策略如下：首先「《進擊的巨人》中之抗爭敘事」將針對《進擊的巨人》的敘事樣態進行分析，以胡亞敏的《敘事學》內容作為研究方法，透過其理論來解析《進擊的巨人》中之抗爭敘事的敘事樣態；而後續的「《進擊的巨人》抗爭敘事之敘事結構」則是針對《進擊的巨人》的敘事結構，透過結構主義的形式來分析《進擊的巨人》敘事中的表層對立及其意涵對立；於最後，在「《進擊的巨人》中的辯證意識」中，則針對《進擊的巨人》展現的所有正義意識與自由意識，參考黑格爾的辯證法與高德曼的發生論結構主義，將兩者對立且不同之意識形態進行辯證，並探討其辯證結果，以推論出隱含作者想藉由其作品所表現出的敘事主體之意識認同、價值意識。 對於現今漫畫等敘事方式之研究與資料短缺的學術環境，期望隨著本次研究之提出，以作為日後漫畫敘事研究之基礎，使後續研究者能夠加深漫畫等影像式的敘事方式之研究，以改善現今漫畫研究資料短缺之現狀，讓學術界了解漫畫在敘事方面的殊異之處。[[abstract]] The title of this research is “The Pursuit and Conflict of Freedom - The Struggle Narrative and Its Dialectic in “Attack on Titan”, and mainly uses “Attack on Titan” as the text of analysis. Because the story of “Attack on Titan” deals with many issues, such as the interpretation of justice and freedom, or the exclusion and marginalization of racial consciousness.Implicitly, the author adds the above content to the story itself, and explores the content of its topic through the plot arrangement. Therefore, this study is divided into chapters such as the narrative of resistance in “Attack on Titan”, the narrative structure of the protest narrative in “Attack on Titan”, and the dialectical consciousness in “Attack on Titan”, to explore the true narrative consciousness of the implied author. The strategy of this research is as follows: firstly, the narrative of resistance in “Attack on Titan” will analyze the narrative style of “Attack on Titan”, take the content of Hu Yamin's “Narratology” as a research method, and analyze the narrative style of the narrative of resistance in “Attack on Titan” through its theory；The follow-up “Narrative Structure of Attack on Titan” Protest Narrative” is aimed at the narrative structure of “Attack on Titan”, and analyzes the surface opposition and its connotative opposition in the narrative of “Attack on Titan” through the form of structuralism；Finally, in “Dialectical Consciousness in Attack on Titan”, in view of all the consciousness of justice and freedom displayed in “Attack on Titan”, referring to Hegel's dialectic and Goldman's occurrence structuralism, the two are dialectically dialectical and different ideologies, and their dialectical results are discussed, in order to deduce the consciousness identity and value consciousness of the narrative subject that the author wants to show through his works. It is hoped that with the proposal of this study, it will be used as the basis for future comic narrative research, so that subsequent researchers can deepen the research of comics and other image-based narrative methods, so as to improve the current situation of the shortage of comic book research materials and let the academic community understand the differences in comics in narrative
[[alternative]]A Study of Narrative Patterns and Their Consciousness in Yuan Zhesheng's Novels
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究以袁哲生的小說作為研究主題，主要以《靜止在樹上的羊》、《寂寞的遊戲》、《秀才的手錶》、《羅漢池》以及《猴子》等，作為分析文本，並將章節安排依序分為「袁哲生小說中的敘事技巧」、「袁哲生小說中的雙層結構」、「袁哲生小說中的創作意識」等，藉此將小說文本與隱含作者思想，以及背後的意識形態進行分析與討論。 首先，「袁哲生小說中的敘事技巧」為針對袁哲生小說的敘事型態之探究而提出的問題意識，並以胡亞敏《敘事學》的理論方法作為參考，期望找尋出其小說在敘事型態上的特徵和共性；接著「袁哲生小說中的雙層結構」是針對袁哲生小說中人物對生命處境上的對立結構，將其區分成表層與深層兩種層次，並且以高德曼(Lucien・Goldmann)發生論結構主義的意涵結構作為參考方法進行探析，而所探析出之架構，將作為探討創作意識的基礎。 最後「袁哲生小說中的創作意識」則探索袁哲生小說在創作上，隱含作者於背後的美學意識及其世界觀的價值意識，其中世界觀之概念，則源自於高德曼的發生論結構主義，藉由將文本劃分為兩種不同的對立結構，來探討隱含作者在文本中背後肯定之意識形態，這樣將隱含作者於文本裡的思想與背後肯定之意識形態連接在一起的分析方法，能更有脈絡的探析隱含作者的思想和某一社會團體之意識形態的關聯，因此在此章節的世界觀上，將以上個章節分析出的架構進行更有深度的討論；至於美學意識上則以歐陽子主張之小說創作的理念作為參考方法，期望探究出隱含作者在美學方面背後的價值趨向。[[abstract]] This study takes Yuan Zhesheng's novels as the research theme, and mainly uses “The Sheep Still on the Tree”, “The Lonely Game”, “The Scholar's Watch”, “Arhat Pool” and “Monkey” as the analysis texts, and will The chapter arrangement is divided into “Narrative Techniques in Yuan Zhesheng's Novels”, “Double-layer Structure in Yuan Zhesheng's Novels”, “Creative Consciousness in Yuan Zhesheng's Novels”, etc., so as to combine the novel text with the hidden author's thoughts, and Analyze and discuss the ideology behind it. First of all, “Narrative Techniques in Yuan Zhesheng's Novels” is an awareness of the problems raised in the exploration of the narrative patterns of Yuan Zhesheng's novels, and with reference to the theoretical method of Hu Yamin's “Narratology“, it is expected to find out the narrative patterns of his novels. The above features and commonalities; then “the double-layer structure in Yuan Zhesheng's novels” is aimed at the opposite structure of the characters in Yuan Zhesheng's novels to the life situation, which is divided into two levels: the surface layer and the deep layer, and uses Goldman (Lucien・Goldmann's Genesis Structuralism's connotative structure is used as a reference method to explore and analyze, and the explored and analyzed structure will be used as the basis for exploring creative consciousness. Finally, “Creative Consciousness in Yuan Zhesheng's Novels” explores Yuan Zhesheng's novel creation, which implies the author's aesthetic consciousness and value consciousness of world outlook. The concept of world outlook is derived from Goldman's genetic structure Doctrine, by dividing the text into two different opposing structures, to explore the ideology behind the implicit author's affirmation in the text, such an analysis that connects the implicit author's thought in the text with the ideology behind method, can more contextually analyze the relationship between the implied author's thoughts and the ideology of a certain social group, so in this chapter, we will conduct a more in-depth discussion on the framework analyzed in the previous chapter; as for aesthetic consciousness In the above, the concept of novel creation advocated by Ouyang Zi is used as a reference method, hoping to explore the hidden value trend behind the author's aesthetics