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[[alternative]]A Narrative Study of the Life Transformation of a Successfully--Rehabilitated Heroin User through the Buddhist Belief
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究針對一位戒癮成功者犯罪入獄前後的生命處境與轉化過程行探討。採立意取向，選取一位海洛英戒毒成功近20餘年的成功企業家為研究參與者。以深度訪談方式為主，輔以報章雜誌、網路等方式蒐集研究參與者的資料後，依據Lieblich等人「整體-內容」的敘事研究法進行文本分析。 研究結果發現本研究參與者：一、 吸毒成因在於早期形成的錯誤價值觀，遇見監獄布教師才有因果觀念；二、 獄中接觸佛教信仰，身體力行成為生命轉化的關鍵力量；三、 社會復歸除個人毅力外，也歸功親情召喚、家人支持，社會團體的協助；四、 親友死亡事件與瀕死經驗，衝擊生命視框，決意從實踐菩薩道中消除前愆。 本研究若干資料因倫理保密考量，未予揭露，是可能的研究限制。建議未來可增加個案數，更深入研究佛教信仰對戒癮的影響。[[abstract]] This study was aimed at the life situation and transformation of a successfully-rehabilitated entrepreneur before and after his being incarcerated. It adopted purposive sampling recruiting a 20-year heroin user who had successfully-rehabilitated as the research participant. While data collection was mainly through depth-interviews, reports about the participant in newspapers, magazines and internet news were also collected as auxiliary sources. The data were analyzed in the light of Leiblich’s “holistic-content” narrative method. The findings are as follows.1. The drug use was attributed to the wrong value formed in the early years, and he had never had the right view of cause-effect until he met the prison advisor.2. He encountered the Buddhist belief and internalized it as the critical force of his life transformation.3. Social rehabilitation involved not only personal persistence but also the support of family feeling and social group.4. The death incident of a family member and personal near-death experience exerted impact onto his perspective of life, making him devoted to the Bodhisattva way for repentance. One of the limitations of this study had to do with the ethical concern that part of the interview content had to keep secret due to personal privacy. It was suggested that future studies could interview more participants for a deeper understanding of the connection between the Buddhist belief and drug-detoxing behavior
[[alternative]]The Helplessness of Helpers: A Study of Social Workers Facing Life-and-Death Issues
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究旨在探討社會工作者於實務上遇到生死議題之經驗，探究對其社工人員的影響及生死教育的需求，為達研究目的，本研究採用質性研究方法，針對社會工作五大專科領域，年資滿三年以上之社會工作人員進行訪談，做為資料蒐集和研究分析，研究者透過訪談方式來蒐集社會工作者面對生死議題的實務經驗，歸納各社會工作領域面對生死議題的樣態，以及過去生死教育訓練和職場生死教育訓練對其的影響及需求，以期可以透過此過程探討社會工作者對於生死教育的需求，並提供給社會工作者、社會工作相關系所、社會工作相關職場做為未來教育訓練之參考。 研究結果如下：（1）受訪者在不同的階段，無論是學校提供、職場提供或自己安排，皆有其需求，故受訪者皆有受過程度不一之生死教育訓練；（2）受訪者多贊成生死教育訓練為自己帶來正向影響；（3）不同的社工領域皆會碰觸生死議題，僅差別於頻率多寡；（4）受訪者皆認為生死議題為自己及工作同仁帶來影響，無論是正向或負向；（5）社會工作現行職場教育訓練多數皆未納入生死教育訓練；（6）受訪者皆認同接受生死教育訓練對工作表現有所幫助。 最後提出關於社會工作人員接受生死教育訓練之建議，建議如下：（1）建議學校可開設生死教育相關選修課程或通識課程，以供社工系學生進行選修；（2）職場應視業務性質提供生死教育訓練相關課程，供在職社工進行進修，以提升生死概念及專業知能；（3）社會工作人員應保持高度自我覺察，完善的職場教育訓練環境與督導制度都有利社會工作人員的自我保護與專業發展，除選擇合宜完善的職場外，也應將生死教育納入自我提升教育訓練之規劃。[[abstract]] This research aims to investigate the experiences of social workers when confronted with matters of life and death in practice, exploring the impacts on these professionals and the necessity for life-and-death education. To achieve the research objectives, this study employs qualitative research methods, conducting interviews with social workers who have at least three years of experience in the five major specialties of social work. The data collected and analyzed in this process provide an understanding of the practical experiences of social workers facing life-and-death issues, summarizes the patterns seen across different areas of social work when dealing with these matters, and assesses the impact and demand for previous life-and-death education training and workplace life-and-death education training. The findings are expected to shed light on social workers' demand for life-and-death education and provide a reference for future educational training for social workers, social work-related departments, and related workplaces. The research results are as follows: (1) Regardless of the stage, whether provided by school, workplace, or self-arranged, interviewees have varying degrees of need and have undergone life-and-death education training; (2) Most interviewees agree that life-and-death education training brings positive effects; (3) Different social work fields all encounter issues of life and death, the only difference being the frequency; (4) All interviewees believe that issues of life and death impact both themselves and their colleagues, positively or negatively; (5) Most current social work workplace education training does not include life-and-death education training; (6) All interviewees agree that receiving life-and-death education training aids their work performance. Finally, the study makes recommendations regarding social workers receiving life-and-death education training: (1) It is suggested that schools can offer elective courses or general education courses related to life and death education for students of the social work department to take elective courses; (2) Depending on the nature of the business, the workplace should provide life and death education and training related courses for on-the-job social workers to study; (3) Social workers should maintain a high degree of self-awareness. A thorough workplace education training environment and supervisory system can aid in social workers' self-protection and professional development. In addition to selecting suitable workplaces, life-and-death education training should be incorporated into plans for self-improvement education
[[alternative]]Applying S-O-R Model to Investigate the Adoption Factors of Digital Payment in Vietnam under the COVID-19 Pandemic Context: Technology Readiness and Frequency of Use as the Moderators
No full text[[abstract]] 新型冠狀病毒疾病 (COVID -19) 的流行已經對一些個人和企業的生活造成重大影響。許多消費者的購買行為因為發生了變化。本研究針對COVID-19 大流行的背景下，應用 刺激(S)-機制(O)-反應®模型和科技接受模型 (TAM )提出一整合型模型，並以外部因素即COVID-19 大流行的感知風險、擬社會互動和社會影響對越南消費者在採用數位支付系統的影響，並檢驗技術成熟度和使用頻率的調節作用。本實證研究，以網路問卷之方式，蒐集224 個採用數位支付的越南消費者為樣本進行這項研究，並檢驗了本研究之信度和效度。 本研究有幾項發現：首先，特別是 COVID-19 流行病的感知風險和社會影響，確實促進越南消費者採用數位支付。第二個發現為，對 COVID-19 大流行知覺風險、擬社會互動及社會影響是消費者形成使用態度的動機。此外，技術成熟度已被認可是影響消費者使用態度與感知價值之間關係的關鍵調節因素。然而，使用頻率對數字支付的採用和數字支付的粘著性並沒有顯著影響。此外，還提供了對學術界和從業者的一些啟示。[[abstract]] As indicated by broad social disengagement and limitations, The outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID -19) has had a substantial impact on the lives of several individuals and enterprises. Consequently, consumer buying behavior has been altered. This study proposed a research framework applying the S-O-R model and the TAM model under the context of the COVID-19 pandemic to investigate the external factors: the perceived risk of the COVID-19 pandemic, the para-social interaction, and the effect of social influence on the digital payment behavior of Vietnamese consumers, and to identify the moderating effects of technology readiness and frequency of use. The empirical test was adopted from the online survey, total 224 samples of consumers embracing digital payments in Vietnam were gathered for this research. The reliability and validity are also examined in this study. Several findings were drawn from this study. First, particularly, the perceived risk of the COVID-19 epidemic and social influence as they encourage Vietnamese use of digital payments. Second finding which indicates that the components of COVID-19 pandemic risk, para-social contact, social impact as a source of attitude toward usage. Furthermore, technology readiness has been approved is a critical moderator on the relationship between attitude toward using and perceived value of consumers. However, frequency of use did not significantly impact on the adoption of the digital payment and stickiness of the digital payment. In addition, several implications for academia and practitioners also provided
[[alternative]]The Effect of Employee Participation, Employee Motivation and Working Environment on Job Performance--Taking Job Satisfaction as Mediation Variable
No full text[[abstract]] 為了有效地管理與運用人作為人力資源，對河內企業來說人力資源管理是重要且必需的。員工績效降低的分析成為需要了解的一個要因，且需要提升，為了提升員工績效可透過增加員工的數量、價值、有效性和忠誠度來執行其主要職責和職能的專業工作表現。即便如此，仍然需要“催化劑”，那就是工作幸福感，透過人力資源（HR）發揮其本身的能力，來貢獻公司的成長。 除了工作滿意度之外，工作場所氛圍也會影響員工對人力資源政策和法規的採用。 每個組織都有獨特的企業文化。 本研究敘述有關於績效、工作滿意度和組織氛圍等議題的研究缺口。因此，本研究驗證員工參與透過工作滿意度對工作績效的影響，員工激勵透過工作滿意度對工作績效的影響，工作環境透過工作滿意度對工作績效的影響。本研究的目的是探討如員工參與、員工動機和工作環境為工作績效影響的因素。 本研究包含河內企業中234 名員工完成填答有關他們的工作績效問卷。 本研究採用統計軟體（SPSS 22.0）來對數據進行分析。 結果顯示員工參與度、員工激勵、工作環境對工作滿意度具有正向影響，且工作滿意度對工作績效具有正向影響。 工作滿意度對員工參與、員工動機、工作環境與工作績效中具有中介效果。 綜合上述研究結果，企業應建立良好的工作環境，讓員工參與決策，激勵員工，使員工在工作中快樂，從而改善和提高工作績效。 因此，它可以被視為未來更具體研究和更廣泛研究的參考文獻。[[abstract]] To effectively manage and use people as human resources, human resource management was essential and required for the Hanoi offices. Understanding the analysis of declining employee performance becomes a factor that needs to be enhanced in order to increase employee performance by increasing employee amount, value, effectiveness, and loyalty in performing the main responsibilities and functions that call for professional work performance. Even so, the “catalyst” was required, and that was work happiness, to allow for human resources (HR) to realize their abilities and contribute to the company's growth. Workplace atmosphere influences employees' adoption of HR policies and regulations in addition to job satisfaction. Each organization has a unique corporate culture. It was decided that research that addresses these issues was necessary to close the knowledge gap on a number of phenomena related to performance, job satisfaction, and the atmosphere of an organization. For this reason, this study examined the effects of employee participation on job performance, employee motivation on job performance, and work environment on job performance through job satisfaction. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of factors such as employee participation, employee motivation, and work environment on job performance. This study included 234 employees working in Hanoi offices who completed a survey about their job performance at the company. The study used statistical software (SPSS 22.0) to analyze the data. The results showed that employee participation, employee motivation, and working environment had a positive impact on job satisfaction, and job satisfaction had a positive impact on job performance. Job satisfaction mediated the relationship among employee participation, employee motivation, the working environment, and job performance. In conclusion of the above research results, it was shown that a company should establish a good working environment, allow employees to participate in decisions, and motivate employees to make employees happy at work, thereby improving and increasing working performance. Thence, it can be considered a reference document for more specific studies and broader later
[[alternative]]Toward a Comprehensive Model of Green Adoption Behavior: The Moderating Roles of Perceived Social Responsibility and Perceived Psychological Benefits
No full text[[abstract]] 資源枯竭和環境變化對自然生態系統和人類社會產生了顯著的負面影響。因此，提高綠色產品採用率和減少環境惡化已成為企業和個人的首要任務。然而，尚未開發出一個綜合框架來整合採納綠色產品行為的前因、中介因子和調節因子。本研究旨在填補這些研究空缺，調查前因（個人特質）和中介（環境關注、綠色環境態度、綠色環境自我認同和綠色客戶價值）對消費者綠色採納行為的影響。並進一步探討知覺社會責任和知覺心理利益的調節作用。基於信號理論、態度-行為-情境 (ABC) 理論、價值-信念-規範 (VBN) 理論和社會認同理論的整合，提出一研究模型。 本研究採用 MTurk 線上數據蒐集平台的調查方法，共蒐集 352 筆樣本。數據分析採用SPSS22和SmartPLS3。研究結果顯示，人格特質在環境關注、綠色環境態度和綠色顧客價值中扮演重要作用。環境問題也是促進綠色環境態度、綠色環境自我認同和綠色客戶價值等中介變量的一些最重要的結構。這些調解員進一步顯著促進了消費者的綠色採納。知覺社會責任和知覺心理利益被確定為兩個重要的調節因子，可以為消費者的綠色採納行為提供綠色環境態度、綠色環境自我認同和綠色顧客價值的交互效應。 由於以往的研究仍然很少整合相關研究結構來解釋消費者的綠色採納行為現象，本研究結果可供學者們對該研究問題進行進一步驗證。研究結果也可能對企業經理人設計和實施適當的綠色行銷和管理策略以追求公司的可持續發展非常有幫助。[[abstract]] Resource depletion and environmental change have a significant negative effect on the natural ecosystem and human societies. Thus, increasing green adoption and reducing environmental deterioration have been the top priority issues not only for firms but also for individuals. However, a comprehensive framework to integrate antecedents, mediators, and moderators of green adoption behavior has yet to be developed. This study intended to fulfil these research gaps and aimed to investigate the effects of antecedents (personal traits), and mediators (environmental concern, green environmental attitude, green environmental self-identity, and green customer value) on consumers' green adoption behavior. The moderating roles of perceived social responsibility and perceived psychological benefits were also investigated. A research framework was developed based on an integration of signalling Theory, Attitude-Behavior-Context (ABC) Theory, Value-Belief-Norm (VBN) Theory, and Social Identity Theory. A survey approach was adopted using MTurk online data collection platform to obtain data from 352 randomized respondents. SPSS22 and SmartPLS3 were adopted in data analysis. The study results indicated that personality traits play important roles in environmental concern, green environmental attitude, and green customer value. Environmental concerns also serve as some of the most important constructs to promote mediating variables such as green environmental attitude, green environmental self-identity, and green customer value. These mediators further significantly facilitate consumers' green adoption. Perceived social responsibility and perceived psychological benefits were identified as two important moderators that can provide interactive effects with green environmental attitude, green environmental self-identity, and green customer value on consumers' green adoption behavior. Since previous studies still rarely integrated relevant research constructs to explain the phenomenon of consumers' green adoption behavior, this study has filled the research gaps to embrace our understanding of antecedents, mediators, and moderators of green adoption behavior. The study results could be very supportive for academicians to conduct further validation on this research issue. The results could be also very helpful for executives and managers to design and implement appropriate green marketing and management strategies to pursue the sustainability development of the firm
[[alternative]]Exploring the Impact of Service Quality on Customer Behavior--Taking Shopee as an Example
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究目的為探討蝦皮購物平台的服務品質對顧客行為之影響，其中包含使用意願及顧客忠誠度。由於隨著網路的普及，網路購物也開始逐漸盛行，數量逐年增加且競爭激烈，故維持固定的客源成為網路購物平台重要課題之一，因此本研究欲了解線上購物平台的服務品質、使用意願以及顧客忠誠度之間是否會產生影響效果，與不同年齡層之消費者對其三個變項是否會造成差異影響，以蝦皮購物平台之消費者為研究對象，並使用網路問卷之方式進行發放，共回收有效問卷316份，並使用SPSS進行研究分析。 本研究所得之結論如下：(1)服務品質對使用意願間具有顯著正向之影響；(2)服務品質對顧客忠誠度間具有顯著正向之影響；(3)使用意願對顧客忠誠度間具有顯著正向之影響；(3)使用意願對顧客忠誠度間具有顯著正向之影響；(4)不同年齡層之消費者對服務品質及顧客忠誠度之間具有顯著差異；(5)不同年齡層之消費者對使用意願及顧客忠誠度之間不具有顯著差異。[[abstract]] This study aims to investigate how the service quality of the Shopee shopping platform affects customer behavior, including people’s willingness to use and customer loyalty. With the popularity of the Internet, online shopping is becoming more and more popular, service providers are increasing year by year, and competition is fierce. Hence, it motivates the topic of this study, which is to maintain the purchase intention of customers to maintain their market share. The empirical data were collected by distributing questionnaires online, and a total of 316 valid questionnaires were recovered. By using the software of SPSS to conduct the empirical work, fives findings are obtained as follows: (1) Service quality has a significant positive impact on the people’s willingness to use; (2) Service quality has a significant positive impact on customers’ loyalty; (3) Willingness to use has a significant positive impact on customer loyalty; (4) the customers’ perceptions about the service quality of shopping platform as well as the customer loyalty vary by age; (5) There are no significant differences in usage intentions and customer loyalty among consumers of different age groups
[[alternative]]Potential Effects of Emotional Freedom Techniques on Ameliorating Physiological Responses and Reducing Anxiety in Adults with Chronic Pain
No full text[[abstract]] 背景及目的：慢性疼痛是一種與生理、情緒和心理層面有關的疾病，是造成降低快樂、身體健康及生活品質的主要因子。情緒釋放技術在不同族群的研究都已經被證實可以減緩焦慮情形。所以，本研究的目的在於探討情緒釋放技術介入患有慢性疼痛的成年人，對於改善不同部位疼痛、生理反應改變與情緒反應可能的成效。 研究對象與方法：於2021年11月至2022年9月期間，共招募87位身體不同部位患有疼痛超過三個月以上，年齡介於30到64歲的受試者參與試驗。以隨機分配方式將受試者分成介入情緒釋放技術的實驗組(60名)，以及進行一般活動的對照組 (27名)。受試者除了填寫基本資料、生活型態及健康狀況等問題外，於準備階段(1)、誘導焦慮階段(2)及介入實驗階段(3)後，分別填寫情境特質焦慮量表、測量血壓(收縮壓、舒張壓及心跳)以及副交感神經活動情形(心率變異之低頻與高頻比值)。另外，也分別評估受試者頭痛、肌肉疼痛、神經類疼痛、慢性疾病疼痛和心理性疼痛程度。誘導焦慮 (2)方式是讓受試者回想他們最害怕的事件 ，實驗組則進行10分鐘的標準輕敲技術流程。研究數據將以SPSS 20.0統計軟體進行分析，比較實驗組與對照組之情緒心理與生理參數等之差異。 結果：參與本研究之受試者平均年齡為48.9歲，大多數是女性(79.3%)。研究結果顯示，大部分受試者身體健康狀況為普通(50.6%)，其中超過一半(73.6%)的人有肌肉疼痛的情形。統計分析結果發現，實驗組受試者的自覺疼痛量表中頭痛情況，在實驗完成後(階段3-1)從平均3.0分降至1.1分(降低63.3% )，降幅顯著於控制組0% (P>0.05)，神經性疼痛情況，在實驗完成 (階段3-1) 從平均3.4分降至0.7分(降低79.4%)，降幅顯著高於控制組降低-2.2 % (P>0.010)，及心理性疼痛情況，在實驗完成後(階段3)從平均2.9分降至0.7分(降低67.1% )，降幅顯著於控制組-1.4%(P>0.034)。另外，情境特質焦慮量表(階段3-1)也從39.7分降至32.5分 (共降18.1%)，與對照組僅降低-0.3%的降幅顯著較佳 (P=0.003)。但是，研究結果顯示完成實驗後的血壓和心率變異參數，實驗組與對照組並沒有顯著差異。此外，大多數的實驗組和對照組在完成實驗後，都表示他們感覺到平靜、舒服、放鬆和愉快。 結論 : 本研究結果發現，情緒釋放技術確實可以有效降低患有慢性疼痛的成年人的焦慮情形，並改善其神經性疼痛情形，未來的研究可持續進行長期的介入試驗，探討情緒釋放技術對促進成年人情緒壓力之成效。[[abstract]] Background and Aim： Chronic pain associated with physical, emotional, and psychological aspects is the leading cause of reducing pleasure, general health, and quality of life. Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) has been shown to decrease anxiety in different populations. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of EFT on different pain levels, physiological changes, and emotional response in adults with chronic pain. Methods： A total of 87 adults aged 30 to 64 years suffered from chronic pain at least three months were recruited and assigned to the intervention (EFT, N=60) and non-treatment control (CONT, N=27) groups in a randomized control trial (RCT) from November 2021 to September 2022. In addition to the demographic characteristics, lifestyle, and status of the respondents, the following parameters were measured before (stage), during (stage), and after (stage) the study intervention: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), blood pressures (diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, and pulse), parasympathetic activity (the ratio of low frequency [LF] to high frequency [HF] heart rate viability [HRV]), and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for assessment of headache, muscle pain, neuropathic pain, pathological pain, and psychological pain. The anxiety induction (stage) was by asking them to think about the time that they felt most fearful and the intervention group received standard tapping procedure for 10 minutes. SPSS 20.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data. Analyses of variances were conducted to compare the scores of the above parameters between the groups. Results： The mean age of the participants was 48.9 years and female were the majority (79.3%). Results indicated that most of the respondents perceived health status to be fair (50.6%) and more than half (73.6%) of them had muscle pain. Analyzed results showed that the NRS of Headache (stage-) was significantly reduced from 3.0 to 1.1 (a total of 63.3% reduction) in the EFT group (P = 0.010 versus 0% of the control group). Neuropathic pain (stage-) was significantly reduced from 3.4 to 0.7 (a total of 79.4% reduction) and Psychological pain (stage) was significantly reduced from 2.9 to 0.7 (a total of 67.1% reduction) in the EFT group (P = 0.034 versus -1.4% of the control group). The STAI (stage-) were also notably decreased from 39.7 to 32.5 (a total of 18.1% reduction) (P = 0.003 versus -0.2%) . However, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups with respect to the parameters of blood pressures and parasympathetic activities. Conclusion : Furthermore, most of the participants in the EFT group described that they felt calmed down, at ease, rested, and happy after the intervention. In conclusion, the present study found that the EFT can effectively reduce anxiety level and ameliorate the neuropathic pain in adults with chronic pain. Further study on the long-term effects of EFT in improving the emotional well-being of adults are warranted
[[alternative]]The Effects of Drought and Salt Stress on the Growth and Physiology of Ice Plants (Mesembryanthemum Crystallinum L.)
No full text[[abstract]] 冰花(Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.)近幾年常作為一項高功能性食品被廣泛討論；由於冰花依照環境培育的不同，將產生多種多元醇，便具有耐鹽以及耐旱特性，使冰花擁有高度研究價值；本研究將冰花種植在缺水的土壤並施加NaCl，目的為探討冰花處於複數逆境時對其生長與生理之影響；本實驗利用澆水次數分為少量澆水(八天澆水一次)與適量澆水(兩天澆水一次)兩組別，同時在種植冰花土壤中添加5種NaCl濃度(0 mM、250 mM、500 mM 、750 mM、1000 mM)，藉由減少澆水次數模擬缺水逆境，並在移植後每隔八天給予一次NaCl作為鹽逆境的施加。 實驗結果發現，冰花受到高濃度NaCl (500 mM、750 mM、1000 mM)以及乾旱影響，表現出顯著生長較多的側枝葉片數，平均有著4~7片生長，與之相比，包含適量澆水組別的其它處理則是平均不到1片側枝葉片數；此外，雖然在未添加NaCl的兩組對照組，少量澆水所產生之乾旱顯著減少冰花葉片數量及葉片面積，但是當加入NaCl後，其呈現的生長變化幅度明顯高於適量澆水，整體而言，當冰花處於兩種逆境時(少量澆水和250 mM及500 mM NaCl濃度)其葉面積、濕重與乾重等三項目數值顯著高於其它處理。 兩組不同澆水次數實驗組別在離子檢測項目中，鹽逆境的施加減少冰花體內鉀離子含量，而鈉離子的累積則是隨著鹽逆境施加的濃度增加而提高，同時少量澆水造成的缺水逆境則會進一步顯著提升冰花葉片的鈉離子累積；於化學分析可觀察到缺水逆境將造成冰花體內葉綠素與胡蘿蔔素含量降低，但是在給予特定NaCl濃度(500 mM)與缺水逆境時，冰花的抗氧化能力和總多酚含量則有著顯著性地提高。 根據上述，即使乾旱與鹽逆境各別對冰花造成不同的負面影響，但依照本實驗收集的冰花性狀和體內生理狀況，可發現少量澆水並施加NaCl 濃度250 mM之處理整體表現最佳。[[abstract]] In recent years, numerous investigations have been carried out to study ice plants (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) as a high-functional food. Ice plants are considered a high-value crop that are favored for research due to the fact that they produce various types of polyols depending on the environment in which they are grown. Furthermore, ice plants are drought-tolerant and can be grown in soils with high salinity. In the present study, ice plants were cultivated in a growth room in soil with water-deficit conditions and watered with NaCl solution. The aim was to investigate the effects of two stress factors on the growth and physiology of ice plants. Two watering treatments were used: low watering regimen (once every eight days) and regular watering regimen (once every two days). In addition, the ice plants were watered with five concentrations of NaCl solution (0 mM; 250 mM; 500 mM; 750 mM; 1000 mM) every eight days to induce salt-stress conditions. Results showed that when ice plants were irrigated with high NaCl concentrations (500 mM, 750 mM, and 1000 mM) in combination with the low watering regimen, a significant increase in the number of leaves forming on secondary shoots was observed, which on average had 4 - 7 leaves. In contrast, on average less than 1 leaf was produced by secondary shoots of ice plants irrigated with the regular watering regimen. Furthermore, in the treatment with no salt-stress (0 mM NaCl) in both the low- and regular watering regimens, those in the low watering regimen produced significantly fewer leaf numbers and lower leaf area, however, in the treatments in which ice plants were irrigated with NaCl, clear improvements in growth were observed in the low watering regimen compared to the regular watering regimen. This was particularly evident in ice plants that were cultivated under two stresses (the low watering regimen provided with 250 mM and 500 mM NaCl), which had significantly higher leaf area, fresh weight, and dry weight compared to the other treatments. With regard to their nutrient composition, an increase in salt stress reduced the potassium content in the leaves, whereas the sodium content of leaves surged as the amount of NaCl given to the ice plants increased. Moreover, results also showed that drought-stress conditions further increased sodium accumulation in leaves. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of leaves were found to be reduced by water stress, however, the DPPH activity and total phenol content were significantly increased when ice plants were grown in the low watering regimen provided with 500 mM NaCl. These findings demonstrated that, when provided separately to ice plants, water and salt stresses had a negative effect on the growth of ice plants. However, when exposed to both salt and water stress together, significant improvements in the growth of ice plants were observed. Overall, the best growth was found in the treatment where ice plants were provided with a low watering regimen and irrigated with 250 mM NaCl solution
[[alternative]]An Interpretation on the Understanding and Practice of Tattvārtha of Yogācāra-bhūmi-śāstra's fascicle 36.
No full text[[abstract]] 《瑜伽師地論》共一百卷，屬大乘中期論典，為瑜伽行派的重要論典，內含五分：本地分、攝抉擇分、攝釋分、攝異門分、攝事分。本論文選自〈本地分〉中〈菩薩地〉第四品「真實義品」，做為文本考察底本，「真實義品」為〈菩薩地〉重要的一品，內容述及菩薩唯識觀行的究竟所依，其以破「假立言說」，證「離言自性」為核心思想。本論文將「真實義品」之內容劃分成兩大層次：解真實義、行真實義。解真實義，本品整體架構，可劃分成九個大論題，其中，探討，真實義的定義為：盡所有性與如所有性的加總。和涵蓋世間與出世間的四種真實，以及對真實義的「相」的考察，可詮顯為「非有與非非有」。此外，最重要的核心思想，莫過於證「離言自性」，筆者以三個層次，進行論證，從對有的肯定，再觀察「假立言說」的緣起特質，最後證「離言自性」。以上為解真實義的層次，係闡明「真實義品」的義理，接著立基此真實義，行真實義，將理論實踐於菩薩行，內容包含，菩薩的四種尋思、及其引發的四種如實智，與菩薩依「真實義」行靜慮，最後以菩薩乘御「無戲論理」實踐利他，作為「真實義品」在菩薩行中的終極關懷。[[abstract]] “The Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra,” consisting of one hundred volumes, belongs to the mid-level treatises of the Mahāyāna tradition and serves as an important text for the Yogācāra school. It encompasses five sections: the section on the Fundamental Ground, the section on the Elimination of Obstacles, the section on Interpretation, the section on Differentiating the Teachings, and the section on Practical Applications. This paper selects a passage from the section on the Fundamental Ground, specifically the fourth chapter titled “The Chapter on the True Meaning,” as the basis for textual examination. This chapter is crucial within the “Bodhisattva Ground” and discusses the ultimate basis of Bodhisattva's practice of observing and realizing the nature of the mind. Its core idea revolves around the rejection of the notion of “provisional designation” and the affirmation of the “self-nature beyond words.” This paper divides the content of “The Chapter on the True Meaning” into two major levels: understanding the true meaning and practicing the true meaning.Understanding the true meaning encompasses the overall structure of this chapter, which can be divided into nine major topics. Among them, the definition of the true meaning is explored as the complete aggregation of the nature of all phenomena and the nature of suchness. It also covers the investigation of the four kinds of truths: worldly and transcendental, as well as the examination of the “aspects” of the true meaning, which can be understood as “neither existence nor non-existence.” Furthermore, the most important core idea lies in the realization of the “self-nature beyond words.” The author presents three levels of arguments, starting from the affirmation of existence, observing the arising characteristics of “provisional designation,” and finally realizing the “self-nature beyond words.” This constitutes the understanding of the true meaning.Building upon this understanding of the true meaning, the paper focuses on practicing the true meaning, applying the theoretical aspects to the Bodhisattva's practice. This includes the four kinds of contemplation engaged by the Bodhisattva and the four kinds of wisdom that they give rise to, as well as the Bodhisattva's cultivation of serenity based on the “true meaning.” Finally, the paper highlights the Bodhisattva's ultimate concern for practicing altruism through the skillful means of “non-discriminative logic,” serving as the ultimate aspiration of the “Chapter on the True Meaning” within the context of Bodhisattva's practice
[[alternative]]The Strategies of NPD Base on The View of ESG: Case Study
No full text[[abstract]] 近幾年來ESG已成為企業經營的顯學，針對這個議題企業應該要有那些作為？對於社會是否有善盡企業應盡責任？企業對於自然生態及人類環境有沒有避免造成危害？在性別平等、員工及客戶權益、上下游供應鏈、能源再利用等各方面，都逐漸成為業界探討的重點。在千變萬化的環境中企業若要永續經營就必須提升競爭力，而落實ESG是不二法門，得以減低及避免風險帶來之衝擊，朝向永續發展邁進。 然而，新產品開發可以說是製造業成長的命脈，作者希望釐清以往的新產品開發流程會不會受到ESG議題的影響？亦或是加入ESG觀點能否增加新產品開發的效能或造成部分阻礙？而政府已訂出相關規範，中小企業及上市櫃公司在此議題上的因應之道為何？是否找出能供企業參照或學習的觀點都值得深入分析了解。 本研究採個案探討的方式，挑選屬高度汙染的製造業（簡稱H公司及C公司），製造產業面臨工資高漲、成本增加、勞工缺乏、以及環保意識抬頭等外在環境因素的影響，再加上生産技術是否符合環境節能減碳等新規定，可否做到降低汙染、節約能源、減少耗材及廢棄物以及產品再生、再利用等都決定鑄造業者可否具備競爭潛力及發展力，是否可以在市場上發展生存，本次透過資料蒐集、深度訪談，研究結論如下：1. NPD早期在舊思維底下多以功能性的提升為主，例如成本降低，就會成為主要考量，然而企業加入ESG觀念以後，會思考NPD是否真正符合勞資雙方、消費者及投資者等正向的效應，以符合ESG的精神。2. 受訪企業一家為中小企業，一家為上櫃公司，皆表示遵循政府推行政策，尤其上櫃公司（C公司）已組成節能減碳小組負責公司規劃與執行，並透過專業機構協助(例如金屬工業研究發展中心)落實減碳目標，而未來在獨立董事遴選時，特以環保專業人士首選。3. 綜觀上櫃公司的現況、公開資訊之蒐集以及本研究的二間個案公司訪談，結果顯示目前IPO公司多能依循法規著手進行，並揭露相關資訊給予投資人及社會大眾知悉。建議中小企業可以追隨上市櫃公司的腳步，提升自身的ESG的觀念，藉以提升競爭力，以面對未來整體市場嚴峻的挑戰。[[abstract]] In recent years, ESG has become a prominent science in corporate management. Gender equality, employee and customer rights, energy reuse, and the company’s impact on the natural ecology have gradually become the focus of industry discussions. The author hopes to clarify whether the previous new product development process will be affected by the ESG issues. What are the measures for small and medium-sized enterprises and listed OTC companies to deal with the recent government regulations? This study selects two high-polluting manufacturing industries (referred to as H company and C company), and analyzes if their development processes comply with government regulation to reduce pollution, save energy, reduce consumables and product reuse. These factors will determine the survival potential of enterprises in the market. Through data collection and in-depth interviews, the research conclusions are as follows:1. In the early days of NPD, under the old thinking, the main consideration was the improvement of functionality. However, after enterprises implement the ESG concept, they will reconsider whether NPD meets the needs of both employers and employees, and the guiding effect of consumers and investors.2. Both interviewed companies, a small and medium-sized enterprise and an OTC company, stated that they followed the government’s policies. In particular, the OTC company (Company C) has formed an energy-saving and carbon-reduction team, with the help from professional organizations (such as Metal Industry Research and Development Center), to achieve carbon reduction goals. Environmental protection professionals will be the first choice in the selection of independent directors in the future.3. Looking at the current situation of OTC companies, the collection of public information, and the interviews with the two case companies in this study, the results show that most IPO companies can proceed in accordance with regulations and disclose relevant information to investors and the public. I suggest small and medium-sized enterprises follow in the footsteps of listed OTC companies and improve their ESG concepts to enhance their competitiveness and face the severe challenges of the overall market in the future