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A Distribution Free Newsboy Problem with Purchase Timing
No full text[[abstract]]It is only order quantity that to decide for a spot selling time in the classical newsboy problem. It follows that the purchase timing and the time-variant variance of forecasted demand are neglected. When the vendor gives a price discount for early purchase, the buyer purchases the quantities of price discount at the cost of forecast bias. When the buyer forecasts the demand for advancing purchase, it may increase the variance of the forecasted demand, which is forecast bias. We try to embed this forecast bias into the model in this paper. A mathematical inventory model in a distribution free newsboy problem was proposed, which the purchase timing and order quantity were considered as decision variables in this paper. The resultant outcomes could apply to some cases in futures commodity contracts
An Example of Disbenefits of Centralized Stocking
No full text[[abstract]]This paper deals with a single-period, single-product inventory model. It is a multilocation problem with an opportunity for centralization. In the centralized system, the location's demands are satisfied from one central warehouse whose orders are processed on a first come, first served basis. The inventory size will be constrained to meet a specific maximum probability of being out of stock at each location. Under these assumptions, Stulman argues that a centralized system requires a lower total starting inventory than the equivalent decentralized one. We shall present a counter example showing that, under conditions where an 86% probability of stockouts is the maximum acceptable, a higher total starting inventory may be required by centralizing two locations' stock-holdings
[[alternative]]Leadership of the European Council in the EU Decision-Making: The 2014 Ukraine Crisis and Sanctions against Russia
No full text[[abstract]]自馬斯垂克條約以來，高峰會權限不斷獲得擴大，更是後里斯本時代的政治決策重心。條約正式將其納入歐盟機關並設置常任主席，使得高峰會得以主導歐盟議題的設定，而處理接踵而來的各式危機，鞏固了高峰會在歐盟體制架構中的核心角色和領導地位。近年來，高峰會更成為歐盟對外制裁的發動者，每每在會議結論中明確要求執委會和理事會，依據領袖們的共同決議，完成制裁的相關規劃與實施。本文將瞭解歐盟對俄羅斯實施限制性措施的始末，審視會員國和歐盟機關的基本立場，分析政府領袖如何形成制裁的共識和做成集體決議，亦期藉歐盟高峰會在2014年烏克蘭危機中制裁俄羅斯作為個案，檢證新政府間主義論點的正確性。[[abstract]]Since the Treaty of Maastricht, the powers of the European Council have been expanded and have gradually become the center of political decision-making in the EU. The Lisbon Treaty which formally incorporates the summit into the EU institutions and establishes a permanent presidency have allowed the European Council to take the lead in setting EU agenda and dealing with crises that followed, reinforcing its central role and leadership in the EU institutional framework. In recent years, the European Council has become the initiator of the EU's sanctions, with the conclusions of each meeting explicitly requesting the Commission and the Council to complete the planning and implementation of sanctions regime in accordance with the leaders' joint decisions. In this article, we will explore EU's restrictive measures against Russia, examine the positions of member states and EU authorities, analyze how the government leaders formed a consensus on sanctions and made a collective decision. It is also expected that the sanctions imposed by the European Council against Russia in the 2014 Ukraine crisis will be used as a case to verify the arguments of the New Intergovernmentalism
[[alternative]]A Study on the Influence of Festival Cultural and Creative Marketing on Regional Industries: A Case Study of Xingang Township Chiayi County
No full text[[abstract]] 嘉義縣新港鄉主要以農業及宗教文化為主的鄉鎮，每年辦理的節慶活動並融入當地農產品及行銷策略的成功，創造來訪新港鄉的遊客的到訪的佳績。 本研究採用文獻探討、訪談法，其中並針對產、官等六位實施訪談。成果如下：1. 新港鄉節慶文化創意行銷活動透過商圈協調、專案規劃及特色活動，成功行銷參與活動的在地產業；對於目前產業發展結合創意趨勢、融入文宗教元素，發展出新港鄉在地文化觀光特色。2. 新港鄉節慶文化創意行銷活動對於遊客旅遊意願到訪頗高，其採用廣告投放視覺效果吸引遊客達成議題促銷；另藉由行銷策略對於新港鄉公所與日本飛驒市締結友好城市意義非凡造就國際接軌的佳績。[[abstract]] Xingang Township, Chiayi County is mainly based on agricultural and religious cultures. The success of the festival activities held every year by integrating of local agricultural products and marketing strategies have created an excellent record of tourists visiting Xingang Township. This study adopts literature review and interview methods, and interviews are conducted with six experts from industry and public officials. The results are as follows:1. The cultural and creative marketing activities for festivals of Xingang Township have successfully marketed the participating local industries through business district coordination, special activities, and special project planning; for the current industrial development, combining creative trends and incorporating cultural and religious elements, the local cultural and tourism characteristics of Xingang Township have been developed.2. Xingang township festival cultural and creative marketing activities have created a high willingness of tourists’ visiting. It uses advertising visual effects to attract tourists to achieve issue marketing; in addition, the marketing strategy of establishing the sister city between Xingang Township and Hida City, Japan creates the significant success on international conventions gearing
[[alternative]]A Study of the Police Mascot is Used Feasibility in Virtual Currency Fraud Prevention: Take Qianzhen District Kaohsiung City as an Example
No full text[[abstract]] 詐騙犯罪之防制以往以實體書面摺頁實施，藉由社區治安座談會或區權會議時，派員警前往宣導，除了警察機關需編排預算外，更需多次協調規劃舉辦場地，而往往治安座談會常常發生吸引不了民眾參加，故警察機關可能藉由動員協勤民力，如義警、民防、巡守隊等參加，導致可能宣導的對象均為警政相關人員為主，而無法深入里民狀況，故詐騙案件屢屢發生。 鑑於虛擬貨幣以網路投資為主，且近來因疫情關係，民眾宅在家且經濟受影響下，除了節流，更希望能藉由投資獲利，撰者擬研究如果更改昔日與民眾面對面方式，另投入網路社群短片、貼圖行銷虛擬貨幣詐騙態樣的防制，是否可行；另為了加強各年齡層民眾興趣，研究是否能透過警政吉祥物推動行銷，非昔日僅宣導同仁於宣導現場與民互動方式，民眾的接納程度。 本項研究採質性研究，針對高雄市前鎮地區警察人員與民眾透過實地訪談，對於員警推動警政吉祥物網路社群宣導行銷是否可行，另民眾對於以往警政吉祥物會有肢體接觸，可以展現柔性親民，若吉祥物透過網路宣導是否民眾也能接受為研究目標；研究結果發現民眾與警察人員尚能接受警政吉祥物網路行銷策略。 本項研究可能會因為地區特性與民情風俗，另外也可能因為民眾與當地警察機關互動及服務滿意度而有不同，惟期待研究結果能協助警察機關爾後推動虛擬貨幣詐騙宣導的參考，以提高民眾警覺性，勿因受騙而求救無門。[[abstract]] In the past, the prevention of fraud was carried out by brochures, and police officers were dispatched to disseminate through community policing forums or the unit owner assembly. In addition to budget, the police department has to coordinate time and time again for the venues. However, it is difficult for community policing forums to attract the public. As a result, police department may mobilize co-workers, such as police volunteers, civil defense, neighborhood watch, to participate. It causes that the audiences of forums are mainly police personnel, and it cannot penetrate into the real life of the citizens. Therefore, fraud cases still occur frequently. Given that virtual currency is mainly based on online investment and that people stay at home suffering from the economic depression and are eager to make profits by investment rather than cutting costs during the epidemic, we try to study whether it is possible to use video clips or stickers to prevent virtual currency fraud instead of the traditional face to face mode. Besides, in order to strengthen the interest of people in all ages, we also explore whether policing mascots can be used to promote and improve acceptance rather than only interact with the people on the spot. This is a qualitative research. By interviewing with police officers and citizens of Qianzhen District, Kaohsiung City, we try to figure out whether it is feasible for the police to promote the police mascots through online community. Additionally, people usually have physical contact with police mascots, which is tender and friendly. Therefore, whether it is acceptable to the public if the mascot is promoted through the Internet is the research goal. The research found that the internet marketing strategy of the police mascot is acceptable to citizens and police officers. This study may vary according to regional characteristics, customs, interaction between people and police, and service satisfaction. It is hoped that the research results will be a reference to the police for promoting virtual currency fraud in the future in order to raise people's vigilance and prevent them from being deceived and helpless
[[alternative]]The Inheritance and Innovation of Dragon Dance: A Case of Fangyuan Junior High School Competitive Dragon Dance Team in Changhua County
No full text[[abstract]] 近數十年來臺灣社會快速變遷，傳統民俗技藝文化傳承產生危機，「舞龍」此傳統技藝，就其教育而言，可達到民俗文化傳承目的，值得學校重點推廣。本研究即是針對彰化縣芳苑國中競技舞龍隊進行探究，針對芳苑國中競技舞龍隊之源起、組織經營、團隊發展做深入分析，本研究採研究者自編之「學校教師問卷」和「教練問卷」進行質性訪談調查，探討競技舞龍隊之來龍去脈，試著以教練、校長、老師的想法與觀點，探討競技舞龍隊之未來發展前景。 研究發現競技舞龍隊之發展成功建構學生的自信心，且帶給學校整體知名度之提升，但地方社區對競技舞龍隊看法分歧，家長們對於民俗藝陣之推廣也有所疑慮，而少子化已成為競技舞龍隊未來傳承之重大難題，本研究認為學校傳承藝陣需有賴政府與社會更多資源投入，芳苑國中也開始發展除了競技舞龍隊之外的多元藝陣教學嘗試。 此外競技舞龍隊已成立數十年，本研究建議辦理舞龍校友交流會，進行多方經驗傳承，校方也可強化校內對競技舞龍隊內部宣傳，並善用媒體工具強化跟學生家長們之雙向溝通，並開辦民俗技藝體驗營隊吸引招生，並建構競技舞龍隊之數位化內容，將競技舞龍之豐富展演成果更加廣為宣傳。 期望藉由舞龍活動之轉型，將其推廣成為文化創意產業之一環，讓舞龍此民俗運動更有符合時代潮流，又能不失傳統而能夠永續傳承。[[abstract]] In recent decades, Taiwanese society has undergone rapid changes, and the inheritance of traditional folk arts and culture has been in crisis. As far as its education is concerned, the traditional skill of “Dragon Dance” is worthy of being promoted by schools to achieve the purpose of inheriting folk culture. This study makes an in-depth analysis of the origin, organization and management, and team development of the Fangyuan Junior High School competitive dragon dance team in Changhua County. The main research tools of this study are the “School Teacher Questionnaire” and “Coach Questionnaire” compiled by the researcher, and the qualitative interview survey is conducted. Based on the thoughts and viewpoints of coaches, principals, and teachers, discuss the ins and outs and future development prospects of the competitive dragon dance team. The research found that the development of the competitive dragon dance team has successfully built the self-confidence of the students and brought about an increase in the overall reputation of the school. However, the local community has different opinions on the competitive dragon dance team. Parents also have doubts about the promotion of folk art formations. The declining birth rate has become a major problem for the future inheritance of the competitive dragon dance team. Therefore, the inheritance of the art formation in schools depends on the government and society which invested more resources.Fangyuan Junior High School also began to try to develop multi-art teaching in addition to the competitive dragon dance team. Since the competitive dragon dance team has been established for decades, it may be considered to organize a dragon dance alumni exchange meeting to carry out multi-party experience inheritance. Schools can also strengthen the internal publicity of the competitive dragon dance team in the school, and make good use of media tools to strengthen two-way communication with students' parents, and set up folk art experience camps to attract students and build digital content for the competitive dragon dance team. Publicize the rich performances of competitive dragon dances. It is hoped that through the transformation of the dragon dance, it will be promoted as a part of the cultural and creative industry. Let the dragon dance, a folk sport, be more in line with the trend of the times, without losing the traditional and sustainable inheritance
[[alternative]]Using Technology Acceptance Model Analysis Influences Consumers' Behavioral Intention of Using Streaming Music Services
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究探討消費者對於串流音樂服務的使用行為意向，以及應用科技接受模型對消費者行為意向的影響。研究對象為台灣地區的大學生，透過問卷調查的方式蒐集資料。研究結果顯示，消費者對於串流音樂服務有普遍的認知和使用行為，其中以Spotify、Apple Music等大眾化的串流音樂平台最受歡迎。在應用科技接受模型的影響下，知覺有用性、知覺易用性和知覺相容性等因素對消費者行為意向有顯著的正向影響；而知覺風險和知覺複雜性則對消費者行為意向有負向影響。此外，研究結果也發現性別等個人因素對消費者對於串流音樂服務的使用行為和行為意向有顯著差異。研究結果對串流音樂服務提供者及相關經營者具有實務意義。建議在推廣和設計串流音樂服務時應注重提升知覺有用性、知覺易用性和知覺相容性等因素，並針對不同的消費者群體設計相應的行銷策略和服務內容。[[abstract]] This study investigates consumers' behavioral intentions toward streaming music services and the influence of applied technology acceptance models on their behavioral choices. The research targets college students in Taiwan and data is collected through a questionnaire survey. Results show that consumers generally have awareness and usage behavior of streaming music services, with popular platforms such as Spotify and Apple Music being the most preferred. The applied technology acceptance model reveals that factors like perceived usefulness, ease of use, and the compatibility significantly impact consumers' behavior intentions, while perceived risk and complexity have a substantial adverse effect on their behavioral intentions. Moreover, personal factors such as gender exhibit significant differences in consumers' usage behavior and behavioral preferences for streaming music services. The practical implications of these research findings are essential for streaming music service providers and related operators. It is recommended that they prioritize improving factors such as perceived usefulness, ease of use, and compatibility when promoting and designing streaming music services and create customized marketing strategies and service content for different consumer groups
[[alternative]]The Study of Using Story Narration to Guide Children to Create Story
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究目的是想利用繪本幫助幼兒建立對故事四元素的概念，並在瞭解聖誕節教堂建造與壁畫故事敘說過程中，探究幼兒對聖誕節教堂與其壁畫的瞭解情形，以及分析幼兒編創故事的內容與四元素。 研究方法是用繪本作為媒介對幼兒進行故事四元素教學，透過教學期、引導期以及獨立編創期，讓幼兒能掌握故事四元素的使用技巧並編創出故事。同時也結合校本課程的教堂傳承活動進行認識聖誕節教堂壁畫故事與內容，讓幼兒學習從教堂壁畫故事中找出故事四元素。最後教學過程中蒐集故事記錄與分析表、教育方案與省思、壁畫故事與物品學習單、教堂壁畫故事評分表等，輔以錄音、拍照、觀察等方式進行資料蒐集。研究結果發現：一、藉由繪本教學幼兒可以理解故事四元素並運用二、幼兒能敘說介紹聖誕節教堂內容與其壁畫和找出故事四元素三、幼兒在故事四元素的教學後，皆能在編創故事的內容中運用到四元素。其表現內容分為：(1)結合生活經驗編創故事，(2)豐富想像的編創故事，(3)結合壁畫故事的編創故事，(4)連接詞使用不明確的編創故事，(5)非編創內容的敘事故事。[[abstract]] The purpose of this research is to use picture books to help children establish the concept of the four elements of the story, and in the process of understanding the construction of the Christmas Church and the storytelling of the murals, to explore the children's understanding of the Christmas Church and its murals, and to analyze the content of the children's creation of the story with four elements. The research method is to use picture books as a medium to teach children the four elements of stories. Through the teaching period, guiding period and independent creation period, children can master the skills of using the four elements of stories and create stories. At the same time, it also combines the church inheritance activities of the school-based curriculum to understand the story and content of the Christmas church murals, so that children can learn to find out the four elements of the story from the church mural stories. In the final teaching process, we collected story records and analysis sheets, educational plans and reflections, mural stories and object learning sheets, church mural story scoring sheets, etc., supplemented by audio recording, photographing, observation, etc. for data collection. The results of the research found that: 1. Children can understand and use the four elements of stories by teaching picture books .2. Children can narrate and introduce the content of the Christmas church and its murals, and find out the four elements of stories. 3. After teaching the four elements of stories, children can all Four elements are used in creating the content of the story. Its performance content is divided into: (1) creating stories combined with life experience. (2) creating stories with rich imagination.(3) creating stories combined with mural stories.(4) creating stories with unclear conjunctions.(5) creating stories that are not clear. Narrative stories for authoring content
[[alternative]]A Research on the Infection Control Experience of Residential Care Institutions during the Pandemic Covid 19: A Case of Chiayi Area
No full text[[abstract]] 我國在2019年爆發嚴重的新冠肺炎疫情後，陸續傳出住宿型機構群聚感染之情形，為解決新冠疫情下住宿型機構在感染管制上發現的問題，本研究重點落在(1)工作人員管理與人力調度(2)住民安置與健康管理(3)工作人員與住民篩檢原則(4)外部人力與訪客管理(5)環境清潔與消毒等五大面向探討。因此，本研究採用個案研究法，針對目前在住宿型機構工作之9位工作人員為對象，進行住宿型機構在感染管制上的經驗探討。依此，本研究的研究結果如下：（一）工作人員管理與人力調度：(1)依機構建築物類型規劃隔離空間(2)進出隔離室流程規劃及專人負責(3)緊急召回人力支援(4)工作人員與住民篩檢流程(5)落實感染管制教育(6)運用科技照顧改善人力不足(7)照顧相關科系學生支援(8)確診工作人員返回職場；（二）住民安置與健康管理：(1)住民與工作人員體檢原則(2)疑似感染症狀住民之處理(3)住民就醫流程(4)洗腎住民人數控管(5)傳染病個案隔離情形；（三）工作人員與住民篩檢原則：(1)工作人員與住民施打疫苗情形(2)特殊個案就醫返回之快篩原則(3)確診之工作人員及住民就醫流程；（四）外部人力與訪客管理：(1)訪客探視流程(2)詢問TOCC旅遊史及體溫監測(3)防疫物資及感控教育訓練；（五）環境清潔與消毒：(1)定期執行環境清潔與消毒(2)高頻率接觸區域之消毒(3)終期消毒之規範。本研究最後依據研究結果提出數點研究建議如下：一、政策面建議：（一）疫情指揮中心應與地方主管機關防疫政策一制，在疫苗施打順序以及PCR篩檢時機、次數等，如指揮中心與地方主管機關政策不一致時，在實務執行上會出現各有各的作法，導致機構像無頭蒼蠅一樣無所適從。因此，建議中央應依照機構屬性、床位數、人力預先規劃可調整的空間。另，盤點各地區醫療資源、檢疫所、防疫旅館、防疫物資、人力資源等來修訂計畫的可能性。（二）地方主管機關應成立防疫小組，依各項指標決定應「立即清空」或「就地隔離照顧」等，並協助機構執行且提供相關資源，以防止疫情擴大時導致無法控制的局面。（三）機構應依各項指引針對應變整備作戰計畫作滾動式修正、盤點機構內各項資源、空間規劃、防疫物資、外部人力的備援、機構內各類人員及住民管理、環境清消等，且制定符合各類型機構適用的防疫演練。二、機構面建議：（一）針對衛生福利機構（住宿型）因應COVID-19之應變整備作戰計畫應重新檢討：建議分區的部分只針對工作人員（直接接觸者及非接觸住民者）及住民（全癱臥床者及有行動能力者）來作區分。（二）依據有無確診個案編列快篩、PCR篩檢、疫苗施打順以及施打的涵蓋率。（三）針對新住民、新工作人員、洗腎個案、住民住院等加強防疫措施。（四）依據機構建築物類型、樓層、住民人數以及失能狀況編列分艙的空間規劃，並加入防疫旅館、檢疫所等外部隔離資源。三、管理面建議：建議機構加強員工教育訓練增強向心力，以防止疫情期間之離職潮或同仁之間的不和睦。機構主管平時應建立良好溝通管道，且應在第一時間提供正確的疫情消息及應變措施讓工作人員以及家屬有完善的防疫資訊。四、照顧面建議：關於疫情期間大多人力皆投入防疫工作，導致機構人力不足，而機構在照顧人力比上出現無法負荷之情形。建議可加強智慧系統設備等非接觸式照顧，例如：感測系統或消毒機器人，透過遠端醫療減少就醫感染，在疫情期間禁止探視，可運用APP讓家屬參與長輩照顧過程，有助於穩定住民情緒以及解決家屬的疑慮。依此建議期待能作為住宿型機構在感染管制經驗上之參考。[[abstract]] After the outbreak of the severe COVID-19 epidemic in 2019, the situation of cluster infection in residential institutions continued to be reported in our country, in order to solve the problems found in infection control in residential institutions under the COVID-19 epidemic. This study focuses on (1) staff management and manpower management (2) resident placement and health management (3) staff and residents policy (4) external manpower and customer management (5) environmental cleaning and disinfection. Therefore, this study uses the case study method to explore the experience of infection control in residential institutions based on the nine workers currently working in residential institutions. According to this The results of this study are as follows: (1) staff management and manpower management: (1) isolation space according to machine building type planning (2) entry and exit compartment process planning and specialist training (3) urgent recall of manpower support (4) staff and residents management process (5) implementation of infection control education (6) use of science and technology photography to improve manpower shortage (7) related departments Student support (8) to ensure that staff return to the workplace (2) settlement and health management of residents: (1) principles of residents and staff system (2) handling of residents with suspected infections (3) resident management procedures (4) washing of residents (5) quarantine of cases of infectious diseases (3) guidelines for staff and residents: (1) vaccination between workers and residents; (2) policies for quick return in special cases; (3) confirmed staff and resident care procedures; (4) external manpower and customer management: (1) customer visit process (2) review of TOCC travel history and sports surveillance (3) epidemic prevention and control education programs (5) Environmental cleaning and disinfection: (1) carrying out environmental cleaning and disinfection on a regular basis; (2) disinfection in areas with a high rate of exposure; and (3) regulations on periodic disinfection. According to the results of this study, the final recommendations of this study are as follows: 1. Policy recommendations: (1) the epidemic control center should be in line with the epidemic prevention policy of the local competent authorities. In the sequence of vaccination and the timing and number of PCR, if the policies of the center are inconsistent with those of the local competent authorities, there will be different practices in practice, which will lead to the same compliance of the agencies. Therefore, it is recommended that the central government should plan the space that can be adjusted in advance according to the mechanism, the number of beds and manpower. In addition, we should focus on the possibility of purchasing resources, quarantine offices, epidemic prevention tours, epidemic prevention materials, human resources, etc., in various regions. (2) the local competent authorities shall set up epidemic prevention teams, according to the specifications of each item, should “immediately clear” or “local quarantine photos”, etc., and assist the institutions to carry out and provide relevant resources, so as to prevent the epidemic from becoming uncontrollable. (3) the organization shall, in accordance with the guidelines, make dynamic revisions to the planning and operation of the change equipment, various resources, space plans, epidemic prevention materials, assistance of external manpower, management of all kinds of personnel and residents in the organization, environmental clearance, etc., and formulate epidemic prevention exercises that meet the requirements of various types of institutions. 2. Institutional recommendations: (1) the health and welfare institutions (accommodation type) should be re-examined in response to the changes in the equipment of the COVID-19: part of the proposed sub-area should only distinguish between the staff (those who are directly connected to the residents and those who are not connected to the residents) and the residents (those who share the beds and those who have the ability to do so). (2) the coverage rates of express, PCR, vaccination and vaccination according to incorrect cases. (3) to strengthen epidemic prevention measures for new residents, new staff, washing cases and hospitalization of residents. (4) to make space plans for sorting according to the type of building, the number of residents and the disability of the organization, and add external quarantine resources such as epidemic prevention tours and quarantine centers. Third, suggestions on management: it is suggested that the organization should strengthen the education of staff and workers and strengthen the centripetal force, so as to prevent the tide of quitting work or discord among colleagues during the epidemic. The supervisor of the organization shall establish a good communication channel at ordinary times, and shall provide correct information on the epidemic situation and measures to be taken at the first time so that the staff and families can have complete information on epidemic prevention. 4. follow-up suggestions: during the epidemic period, most of the manpower was invested in epidemic prevention work, resulting in a shortage of manpower in the organization, and the agency was unable to bear the burden in terms of the ratio of care manpower. It is suggested that non-contact care such as intelligent system equipment can be enhanced, for example, people in sensory systems or disinfection machines can be infected less through terminal medical care, and visits are prohibited during the epidemic period, and APP doctors can be used to take care of the process, which will help to stabilize the feelings of the people and resolve the doubts of their families. According to this suggestion, it is expected that it can be used as a reference for residential institutions in infection control