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[[alternative]]Investor Sentiment and Stock Returns--Evidence from the Constituent Stocks of Taiwan 50
No full text[[abstract]] 本文旨在探討投資人情緒與ETF成分股報酬之關係，並以ETF台灣50成分股為研究對象，其中投資人情緒指標分為直接與間接指標，研究期間為2013年至2022年共10年期間。研究結果發現直接情緒指標消費者信心指數對台灣50成分股報酬率呈現反向顯著影響，但間接情緒指標券資餘額比及臺指選擇權波動率指數對台灣50成分股報酬率存在正向顯著影響。消費者信心指數愈高，報酬緒愈低，週轉率與臺指選擇權波動率指數愈高，報酬率則愈高。台灣50成分股係台股市值前50大之大型股，顯示投資人情緒亦存在大型股中。上述結果有助於更釐清股票市場投資人情緒之研究與股票投資實務相關議題。[[abstract]] This paper aims to explore the relationship between investor sentiment and stock returns of ETF component shares. The author uses the data of the Taiwan 50 Constituents to discuss on investor sentiment indicators and stock returns, in which investor sentiment indicators are divided into direct and indirect indicators. The research period is ten years from 2013 to 2022. The results show that Consumer Confidence Index has a negative impact on stock returns. The turnover rate as well as the Taiwan index option volatility index have a positive impact on stock returns. The higher Consumer Confidence Index, the lower rate of returns. The higher turnover and option volatility index, the lower the rate of return. The above results show that investor sentiment is also present in large stocks. The above results help clarify this issue by showing that investors appear to focus on investor sentiment in stock market
[[alternative]]Research on the Integration of Financial Management Education into the Curriculum by Elementary and Junior High School Teachers
No full text[[abstract]] 理財教育是一門很實用的教育，影響每個人的一生和家庭很深遠，在學校教導理財教育為學童準備好成為有能力的消費者與家庭資產管理者的過程。而透過將理財教育融入學校課程的策略，則為理解個人理財概念提供了一個情境，不僅增強了原數學、社會等科目的教導，且使理財教育較不易因為預算或資源稀少的理由而被排擠於學校課程之外。根據研究發現,歸納結果如下: 一、國中小學教師在教學現況、教學策略和教學評量對自我成長都有非常顯著 的正向影響。 二、國中小學教師在理財教育的自我成長有正向的需求和認同。 理財教育在國中小學是學生的基本觀念養成的重要時期，更應該被納入正式課程，以收更大的成效需求，希望學校能帶給孩子未來在社會中實用的理財素養，點亮他們生命中的一盞明燈。[[abstract]] Financial education is a very practical education that has a profound impact on everyone's life and family. Teaching financial education in schools prepares students to become capable consumers and family asset managers. The strategy of integrating financial education into the school curriculum provides a context for understanding the concept of personal financial management, which not only enhances the teaching of subjects such as mathematics and society, but also makes financial education less likely to be excluded due to budgetary or resource scarcity outside the school curriculum. According to the research findings, the conclusions are summarized as follows: 1. The teaching status, teaching strategies and teaching evaluation of primary and secondary school teachers have a very significant positive impact on self-growth. 2. Elementary and junior high school teachers have positive needs and recognition for self-growth in financial management education. Financial education in primary and secondary schools is an important period for students to develop their basic concepts. It should be included in the formal curriculum to meet greater demand for results. It is hoped that the school can bring children practical financial literacy in the future and lighten their lives. a beacon of light
[[alternative]]The Effect of the Revision of Component Stocks in Corporate Social Responsibility Index on Stock Return--Evidence from FTSE4Good TIP Taiwan ESG Index
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究採用臺灣永續指數成分股異動公告之新增及刪除股作為研究樣本，並透過事件研究法，觀察並檢驗價格與成交量的變化，探討臺灣永續指數成分股異動之宣告效果，對於價量的影響。研究期間選定為2018年12月11日至2022年12月9日止，在此期間，共計有17次成分股調整與修正，經統計新增股有33支，刪除股則有20支，新增及刪除股共53支。本研究以證券投資人之觀點，探討價量的變化外，更進一步去探討企業社會責任指數成分股異動事件公告，對投資人評價決策之影響。實證結果顯示，新增股在事件宣告日不具有顯著異常報酬及顯著異常交易量，但刪除股則具有顯著異常報酬。本研究的目標是在對企業社會責任指數成分股異動宣告，進行實證研究，以幫助投資者解讀和應對成分股異動事件的資訊。同時，本研究也旨在提供投資者在未來投資決策中的參考依據。[[abstract]] To investigate the announcement effects of the revision (addition or deletion) of component stocks in FTSE4Good TIP Taiwan ESG Index, we observe and examine the variations in prices and trading volumes by collecting the revised component stocks from FTSE4Good TIP Taiwan ESG Index via event study method. The study period was from December 11, 2018 to December 9, 2022, there were a total of 17 constituent adjustments and revisions, with 33 constituent stocks added and 20 constituent stocks deleted, for a total of 53 stocks. The study performs a literature review and explores the announcement effects of the additions and deletions from shareholder's perspectives. The empirical results reveal that the additions do not experience significant abnormal return and abnormal trading volumes on the announcement day, but the deletions have significantly negative abnormal return
[[alternative]]The Identity Development and Adaption of Biracial Teenager
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究旨在探討擁有兩種以上族群身分的青少年在生活互動中認同與適應的情形，採用深度訪談法，訪問9位16至25歲具不同族別之雙族裔青少年，探究其在家庭、學校與社會環境影響下族群認同形塑之歷程，其研究結果如下：一、雙族裔青少年的認同傾向與影響因素 依據訪談結果發現，擁有原住民族裔的青少年較有明確的認同傾向，會選擇單一族群作為歸屬，而閩南、客家、外省族裔者之族群認同較不明確，可能選擇兩邊都認同，或是較無族群區分之意識。影響因素的部分，家庭事務主導權在父母親哪方之影響有所差異但相關性較不明確；家庭經濟主導權對於青少年的族群認同則有部分影響力。親子關係的部分，青少年雖與父母之互動良好，但因相處過程較難得到族群文化知識的學習，青少年也難以養成自身文化的認同。其他因素則為1.青少年較易認同老家或是常居住地之族群2.與同儕的互動有助於提升文化接觸的機會，使他們激發對於自身文化的求知慾與使命感並進行思辨。二、雙族裔青少年的生活適應與影響因素（一）、原生家庭背景對於生活適應的影響 經資料得出家中經濟狀況與青少年的生活適應問題較無顯著關係，不因家境富裕或困苦而有較不佳或較佳之生活適應情形，反而是較易與人際關係及個人之個性、性格有關；訪談結果發現與家人互動關係較良好者，生活適應亦較良好。（二）、個人適應 有青少年認為族群認同的區分不太重要，對於父母雙方的族群皆認同，而有明確族群認同者，即便因該身分感到困擾，但並不會因此放棄這份認同；青少年對於文化傳承的部分皆認同其重要性。就算原生家庭因多重因素而較少有文化知識的傳授，不過現已有很多其他學習的機會，可依個人意願付出行動學習。（三）、家庭適應 在與家族長輩相處時，會面臨文化差異所帶來的困惑，甚至是生活習慣的碰撞，然而面對這些問題，青少年會尋求適應的方法、實際付出行動，使與長輩的互動更為順利。在宗教信仰的部分不因族群不同而有明顯之差異，受訪者家中多為異宗教的結合，雙親對於子女信仰多採取不強迫之教養方式，其子女對於父母之信仰也予以尊重；至於有宗教信仰之青少年皆認為信仰對其心靈層面以及為人處事上都有莫大的助益，面對異宗教的結合並不覺得衝突與排斥。（四）、同儕適應 與同儕的互動會使青少年增加文化接觸的機會，若有遇到相同族群認同的同儕會較有親切感，但並不會因此做為選擇交友的條件。若因族群而在他人互動上碰到困難，會靜待時間去習慣或求助他人及仿效成功的經驗去調適。不過在表明自身族群身分時多少還是會有所顧忌，除非有討論到族群相關的議題，或是在有較多相同族群身分的人的地方，才會大方分享與他人介紹自己的族群身分。[[abstract]] The purpose of this study was to explore the identification and adaptation of youth with two or more ethnic identities in their daily interactions. Through in-depth interviews to nine biracial or multiracial youth aged 16 to 25, aiming to investigate the process of ethnic identity formation influenced by their family, school, and social environments. The research findings are as follows.1.Identification tendencies and influencing factors among biracial youth. Based on the interview results, it was found that youth with indigenous ethnic backgrounds tend to have a clear identification tendency and choose a single ethnic group for belonging. On the other hand, those with Minnan, Hakka, or Mainlander ethnic backgrounds have less clear ethnic identity, often choosing to identify with both sides. Regarding influencing factors, the dominance of decision-making in family affairs varied between parents but showed less clear correlation. The dominance of economic decision-making in the family had some impact on the ethnic identity of youth. In terms of parent-child relationships, although youth had good interactions with their parents, the limited exposure to cultural knowledge during their interactions hindered their development of cultural identity. Other factors include: (1). Youth tend to identify with the ethnic group of their hometown or the place they frequently reside in. (2). Interactions with peers contribute to increased opportunities for cultural exposure, stimulating their curiosity towards their own culture and encouraging critical thinking.2.Adaptation to life and influencing factors among biracial youth.(1) Influence of family background on life adaptation Based on the data, it was found that the economic situation within the family had little significant relationship with the life adaptation issues of youth. Whether the family was affluent or economically disadvantaged did not necessarily result in better or worse life adaptation. Instead, the quality of interpersonal relationships and the individual's personality and character were more closely related to their life adaptation. The interview results indicated that youth who had better interactions with their family members also had better life adaptation.(2) Personal adaptation Some youth believed that the distinction of ethnic identity was not particularly important. They identified with both ethnicities of their parents, and even those who had a clear ethnic identity, despite feeling troubled by it, did not give up on that identification. Youth recognized the importance of cultural heritage. Even if the original family had limited cultural knowledge to impart due to various factors, there are now many other opportunities for learning, allowing individuals to take action and learn based on their own willingness.(3) Family adaptation When interacting with older family members, youth may face confusion due to cultural differences and clashes in daily habits. However, in response to these challenges, youth seek adaptive methods and take practical actions to facilitate smoother interactions with their elders. In terms of religious beliefs, there are no significant differences based on ethnic backgrounds. Many interviewees come from families with different religious affiliations, and parents generally adopt a non-coercive approach towards their children's beliefs, while the children also show respect for their parents' beliefs. As for youth with religious beliefs, they consider faith to be greatly beneficial to their spiritual well-being and how they conduct themselves, and they do not feel conflicted or excluded when encountering different religious affiliations.(4) Peer adaptation Interacting with peers provides opportunities for increased cultural exposure. While youth may feel a sense of familiarity with peers who share the same ethnic identity, it is not a determining factor in choosing friends. If they encounter difficulties in social interactions due to their ethnic background, they tend to wait patiently and adapt by getting used to the situation over time, seeking help from others, or learning from successful experiences. However, when disclosing their own ethnic identity, they may still have some concerns. They are more likely to openly share and introduce their ethnic identity when discussing ethnic-related issues or when in the presence of a larger number of individuals with the same ethnic background
[[alternative]]Prevention of Cross-border Infectious Diseases and Taiwan's Postcolonial Ethnic Politics: 2022 Taipei Mayoral Election
No full text[[abstract]] 2019年新型冠狀病毒肺炎肆虐全球，起初臺灣疫情相對和緩，造就防疫指揮官陳時中聲望高漲。不過，隨著2021年春開始三級警戒與疫苗不足，2022年春又從堅持清零急轉為共存，諸多政策爭議已使陳時中的聲望大為降低。然而，就在這個背景下，陳時中仍然投入了2022年的台北市長選舉，並引發後續一連串的爭議，成為在選民中愛恨兩極的候選人。對此，本文主張，從防疫政策與疫情發展的時間序列可以發現，所謂最初防疫的成功跟本與所採取的措施無關，對陳時中的好惡，與政治意識形態高度相關。對此，本文將透過網路問卷調查加以驗證。[[abstract]] In 2019, the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) ravaged the world. Initially, Taiwan's epidemic situation was relatively mild, which elevated the reputation of the epidemic command center's head, Chen Shih-chung. However, with the implementation of Level 3 alerts and insufficient vaccines starting in spring 2021, followed by a shift from pursuing zero cases to coexistence in spring 2022, the controversies surrounding various policies have greatly diminished Chen Shih-chung's reputation. Nevertheless, against this backdrop, Chen Shih-chung still participated in the 2022 Taipei mayoral election, sparking a series of subsequent controversies and becoming a polarizing candidate among voters. In this article, it is argued that from the time sequence of epidemic prevention policies and the development of the pandemic, it can be observed that the initial success of epidemic prevention was not directly related to the measures taken. Rather, people's favor or disfavor towards Chen Shih-chung is highly correlated with their political ideologies. The article aims to validate this through an online questionnaire survey
[[alternative]]The Analysis of Energy Transition and Nuclear Abolishment Policy in Germany (2005-2022)
No full text[[abstract]] 日本福島核災後德國核能政策急速翻轉，梅克爾決定2022年全面廢核，並由再生能源取代。本文就德國在梅克爾及蕭茲執政時期能源決策發展歷程加以探討，尤其是是蕭茲面臨俄烏戰爭後，俄羅斯以能源作為武器威脅歐洲甚至全世界，蕭茲能否帶領歐洲對抗俄羅斯度過2023年，值得觀察研究。其次就德國風能及太陽能發展歷程決策說明，然後就廢核後產生的電費高漲影響及鉅額賠償，德國如何因應加以探討，最後德國政府決定廢除核能，卻適逢能源大國俄羅斯的斷氣威脅，能否挺得過完成廢核目標，值得繼續觀察。[[abstract]] After the Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan, Germany's nuclear energy policy was reversed rapidly. Merkel decided to completely abolish nuclear energy in 2022 and replace it with renewable energy. This article discusses the development process of Germany's energy decision-making during Merkel and Scholz's administration, especially after Scholz faced the Russia-Ukraine War, Russia used energy as a weapon to threaten Europe and even the whole world. Can Scholz lead Europe against Russia? After the cold winter of 2022, it is worth observing and studying. Secondly, the decision-making process of the development of wind energy and solar energy in Germany is explained, and how Germany responds to the impact of high electricity costs and huge compensation after nuclear dismantling is discussed. The German government decided to abolish nuclear energy, but it coincided with the threat of cut-off energy from Russia, a major supplier energy country. Whether it can survive this cold winter is worth continuing to be observe
[[alternative]]A Study on China's Strategy on the South China Sea and Perspectives of Main European Countries
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究旨在研析中國南海策略之影響，包含頒布《中國海警法》以及提升海警能量等，對於歐洲主要國家與我國南海布局策略及海域執法所帶來的衝擊與影響，並由探討《中國海警法》在國際法上的適法性，以及南海周邊國家的應對模式，來分析南海爭端的未來趨勢，以做為我國南海佈局策略的參考，俾利於我國海域執法機關擬定相關應對作為，加強保護我國漁民在南海的作業權利與安全，減少漁民生命、財物之損失，並提升我國海巡人員在南海區域的執法安全，擬定應對中國海警的立場與準則，利於堅定我國捍衛南海主權權利的決心。[[abstract]] The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of China’s South China Sea strategy, includes the newly promulgated《Coast Guard Law of the People's Republic of China》 and increasing the capabilities of maritime law enforcement units. How this will affect Taiwan and other major countries in Europe. By discussing the legality of the《Coast Guard Law of the People's Republic of China》in international law and the response way of the countries surrounding the South China Sea make us realize the future trend of disputes in the South China Sea, which can serve as a reference for Taiwan’s maritime strategy on the South China Sea. This study will help Taiwan’s maritime law enforcement agencies to formulate relevant responses, strengthen the protection of the rights and safety of fishermen in the South China Sea, and reduce their loss of life and property on the sea. This study, which will help strengthen our determination to defend the sovereign rights of the South China Sea, can also enhance the law enforcement security of Taiwan Coast Guard in the South China Sea and formulate positions and guidelines to deal with the China Coast Guard
[[alternative]]Analysis and Research on Consumers Preference for Guitar Texture
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究的主要目的在探討消費者對於吉他質感喜好程度之分析研究，本研究採取調查研究法，統計消費者對於吉他的「類型、面板材質、琴弦種類、整體材質、售價、附加功能」的喜好程度；並且分析不同背景的消費者在各個變項喜好程度的差異性及相關性，最後提出具體的結論如下: 一、 不同背景的消費者在「吉他類型」喜好程度中對「民謠吉他」有較高的評價。二、 不同背景的消費者在「面板材質」喜好程度中對「雲杉木」有較高的評價。三、 不同背景的消費者在「琴弦種類」喜好程度中對「黃銅弦」有較高的評價。四、 不同背景的消費者在「整體材質」喜好程度中對「全單板」有較高的評價。五、 不同背景的消費者在「售價」喜好程度中對「5,000元〜10,000元」有較高的評價。六、 不同背景的消費者在「附加功能」喜好程度中對「拾音器」有較高的評價。七、 消費者對吉他類型、面板材質、琴弦種類、整體材質、售價、附加功能等喜好程度差異性的檢定中顯示有多數的p=000.<0.05表示各組之間有顯著差異存在 八、 消費者對吉他類型、面板材質、琴弦種類、整體材質、售價、附加功能喜好程度的相關性檢定中發現，小於**.0.01層級的顯著相關或大於*.0.05 層級的沒有相關，都有在各組的檢定中出現，表示各組之間確實有部分的相關性存在。[[abstract]] The main purpose of this study is to explore the analysis and research of consumers preference for guitar texture. This research adopts the survey research method to count consumers preferences for guitars such as “guitar type, top material, string type, overall material, price, and additional functions.” “... and so on; and analyze the differences and correlations of the preferences of consumers with different backgrounds in each variable, and finally put forward the specific conclusions as follows:1. Consumers with different backgrounds have higher evaluations of “folk guitar” in the preference degree of “guitar type”.2. Consumers from different backgrounds have higher evaluations of “spruce wood” in the preference of “panel material”.3. Consumers with different backgrounds have higher evaluations of “brass strings” in the preference of “string types”.4. Consumers with different backgrounds have higher evaluations of “full veneer” in the preference of “overall material”.5. Consumers with different backgrounds have higher evaluations of “RMB 5,000~RMB 10,000” in the preference of “price”.6. Consumers from different backgrounds have higher evaluations of “Pickup” in preference for “Additional Functions”.7. In the significant analysis of consumers' preference for guitar type, top material, string type, overall material, price, additional functions, etc., most of the p=000.<0.05 indicates that there is a significant difference between the groups. Differences exist.8. In the difference test, the correlation test of consumers preference for guitar type, top material, string type, overall material, price, and additional function preference is found to be less than **.0.01 level of significant correlation or greater than *.0.05 There is no correlation at the level, and they all appear in the tests of each group, indicating that there is indeed a partial correlation between the groups
[[alternative]]Studing the Development of Wetland Ecology Digital Tour System--Using Budai Salt Pan Important Wetland as an Example
No full text[[abstract]] 近年來行動載具已經非常普及，在生態導覽仍是使用書籍、導覽摺頁等來輔助解說，本研究以MIT App Inventor 2技術開發一套濕地生態數位導覽系統，探討系統品質、資訊品質、互動性、知覺趣味性、知覺易用性、知覺有用性、使用態度、行為意願應用於濕地生態數位導覽系統之影響。 本研究採半結構式的訪談方式進行，三階段的訪談資料彙整分析後，作為濕地生態數位導覽App設計時的參考依據。本研究以布袋鹽田重要濕地為研究地點，邀請三位具有實務經驗的導覽人員參與訪談，在歷經三個階段的訪談研究後，其研究結果如下：一、系統品質、資訊品質、互動性、知覺趣味性、知覺易用性、知覺有用性六個構面，能提升紙本教材的互動性、趣味性。二、使用態度構面、行為意願構面不適用本研究的濕地生態數位導覽系統之開發研究。[[abstract]] Mobile carriers have already become common in recent years, but when it comes to ecological tours, books and tour foldouts are still used most often for auxiliary explanations. This study used the MIT App Inventor 2 technology to develop a set of wetland ecology digital tour systems, and discusses the impacts of applying system quality, information quality, interactivity, perceived interest, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, usage attitude, and behavioral willingness to the wetland ecology digital tour system. This study was conducted using semi-structured interviews, after the data of the three-stage interviews was aggregated and analyzed, it was used as a reference for the design of the wetland ecology digital tour App. This study used Budai Salt Pan Important Wetland as the study location, and invited three tour guides with practical experience to participate in the interviews; after going through three stages of interview research, the research results are as follows:I.When the six aspects system quality, information quality, interactivity, perceived interest, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness is applied on the wetland ecology digital tour system, they can improve the interactivity and fun of paper teaching materials.II.The usage attitude aspect and behavioral willingness aspect were not applicable for this study on the development of wetland ecology digital tour system
[[alternative]]Impact on Shopee Online Stores Purchase Intention by Paid-Marketing Advertisements
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究主要在探討蝦皮網路商店之宣傳廣告和蝦皮付費廣告對於消費族群購買意願之影響，並作分析在不同背景變項中對付費廣告和消費族群之間的反應和影響。來建議蝦皮店家或經營者或個人賣家是否能以付費廣告來達成公司或個人的效益和利潤,透過google網路問卷調查方法以美妝品消費者為主要研究對象，總共回收461份有效問卷。問卷資料則採用描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數及雙因子變異數、迴歸性分析等方法作統計和分析。在最後會根據研究分析結果與結論，對蝦皮網路商店業者、經營者和個人賣家提出付費廣告和消費者之間的相關研究建議,以及後續的相關具體決策建議。本研究之重点整理如下：一、 在各類宣傳付費促銷廣告之中對於消費者購買意願的影響，分成二個部份,一為福利會員相關二為降價折扣相關,二者以金錢花費概念分成了二個部份。在店家宣傳付費廣告中以「金錢相關類型廣告活動」影響高於「福利類型廣告活動」；而依變數也是以會員福利和降價折扣為購買意願。二、 各蝦皮付費廣告對於消費者購買意願的影響，整體趨於不顯著。但在自變項各類別中除了美妝店瀏覽頻率,幾乎所有類別都與付費廣告無顯著關係,顯示消費者在使用電腦和行動裝置購物消費時幾乎不太重視店家的付費廣告。 三、 不同背景變項美妝店瀏覽頻率對於購買意願可以透過中介變項付費廣告有交互作用之影響；所以「蝦皮付費廣告」若要做到更佳效果，則採用越多種付費廣告越好。[[abstract]] The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of Shopee online store's paid advertisements and Shopee payment on the purchase intention of consumer groups and analyze the response and influence between paid advertisements and consumer groups in different background variables . The study also attempts to suggest whether Shopee shopkeepers , operators or individual sellers can achieve company or personal benefits and profits via paid advertisements . The survey was administered to cosmetics consumers using a Google online questionnaire . A total of 461 valid questionnaires were collected and analyzed by descriptive statistics , independent sample t-test , single-factor variance and double-factor variance , and regression analysis . Based on the results and conclusions of this study, the relevant research suggestions on the relationship between paid advertisements and consumers , as well as subsequent relevant specific decision-making suggestions are put forward for Shopee online store operators, operators and individual sellers. The main points of this study are summarized as follows:1. The impact on consumers' purchase intention in various paid promotion advertisements is divided into two parts , one is related to welfare members , and the other is related to price reduction and discount. The two parts are divided into two more parts based on the concept of money spending.“Money related advertising activities ” are more influential than “welfare type advertising activities” in store advertising. The variable is also based on the purchase intention of member benefits and price discounts.2. The influence of Shopee's paid advertisements on consumers' willingness to purchase tends to be insignificant as a whole. However,among the categories of independent variables,except for the browsing frequency of beauty stores , almost all categories have no significant relationship with paid advertisements, which shows that consumers pay little attention to paid advertisements of stores when shopping on computers and mobile devices.3. The frequency of browsing beauty stores with different background variables can have an interactive effect on purchase intention through the intermediary variable paid advertisements ; therefore ; if “Shopee Paid Ads” wants to achieve better results,the more types of paid advertisements the better