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[[alternative]]The Income Taxation for Maximizing Output Under a Constant Tax Revenue
No full text[[abstract]]本文假設政府所得稅的總稅收必須配合年度預算而受到限制，而且假設免稅額是用來反應個人基本生活需要之費用，其額度必須隨當時物價而調整；正如我國所得稅法中所規定的情形。在政府祗能被勤的接受免稅額及定額所得稅收的情況下，如何制定所得稅的裸稅函數，以使得提案群體的平均產出最大為本文欲研究的問題。本文先製作一數學模式，表達各種賺取所得之能力不同的從業人員是如何面對一課稅函數來決定其各自的產出。然後再利用上述關係，將欲研究的問題制作成可以具體討論的數學模式。如果從業群體賺取所得之能力的分配為一常態分配， 則可得下列三個性貿：（1）模式中的最佳課稅政策具有誘導賺取所得之能力較高者努力程度亦較大的性質。（2）在其他條件不變下，每增加一單位平均稅收所犧牲之平均產出量會隨群體平均賺取所得之能力的增加而減少。（3）在模式中最佳課稅政策的邊際稅率不一定隨所得之增加而遞增，需視稅收要求的多寡及資源付出量函數和賺取所得之能力分配的特性來決定。這表示實務上所採行之累進稅率是基於租稅負擔公平方面的考量的成份多，或是基於產出最大化的考量成份多，必須視其他的環境因素而定
Artificial chromosomes with genetic algorithm 2 (ACGA2) for single machine scheduling problems with sequence-dependent setup times
No full text[[abstract]]Artificial chromosomes with genetic algorithm (ACGA) is one of the latest versions of the estimation of distribution algorithms (EDAs). This algorithm has already been applied successfully to solve different kinds of scheduling problems. However, due to the fact that its probabilistic model does not consider variable interactions, ACGA may not perform well in some scheduling problems, particularly if sequence-dependent setup times are considered. This is due to the fact that the previous job will influence the processing time of the next job. Simply capturing ordinal information from the parental distribution is not sufficient for a probabilistic model. As a result, this paper proposes a bi-variate probabilistic model to add into the ACGA. This new algorithm is called the ACGA2 and is used to solve single machine scheduling problems with sequence-dependent setup times in a common due-date environment. A theoretical analysis is given in this paper. Some heuristics and local search algorithm variable neighborhood search (VNS) are also employed in the ACGA2. The results indicate that the average error ratio of this ACGA2 is half the error ratio of the ACGA. In addition, when ACGA2 is applied in combination with other heuristic methods and VNS, the hybrid algorithm achieves optimal solution quality in comparison with other algorithms in the literature. Thus, the proposed algorithms are effective for solving the scheduling problems
[[alternative]]The study on the learning performance in the social practice of integrated curriculum for the overseas learning
No full text計畫編號: PSR1090337執行機構: 自然生物科技學系主管機關: 教育部研究期間: 10908~11007[[abstract]]本計畫希望透過數位教材構建社會實踐課程之知識⾯學習，開發具有永續內涵的社會實踐課程。因為疫情關係無法出國，故選定嘉義縣布袋鎮及東⽯鄉為場域，依照「知識、觀察、問題、策略、實踐」的學習程序，引導學⽣觀察臨海區域所遭遇到的全球環境變遷議題後，透過設計思考聚焦問題後，提出並實施⾏動⽅案。109-2學期開設「全球環境變遷與永續發展」(2學分)通識課程，召開三次課程說明會後，招募到15位有意願參與的學⽣。課程共有8⼩時的數位學習單元，建構基本知識，學⽣經過場域踏查及訪談後，透過設計思考提出號召淨岸的⾏動⽅案，並建立及測試淨岸的各項標準程序。學⽣設計⽅案發起「嘉聯⼤淨灘團」網路召募活動，另招募嘉義縣跨校20名⼤學⽣，共同⾄北港溪東⽯堤防淨岸。團隊於2⼩時，清出約2605公⽄垃圾、漂流⽊，也透過此次活動建立活動發起及⼈⼯清理標準程序，知識化後可繼續傳承。課程設計「移地教學及社會實踐學習成效評估」、「數位學習成效評估問卷」，以評量學⽣學習成效。研究結果顯⽰，學⽣對：服務社會的使命感、我相信應該做⼀些事情改變社會具有顯著差異。本課程之教學意⾒調查為5.00分 (滿分5分)，學⽣反映良好。[[abstract]]This study is focused on the social practice with sustainable actions. The students will follow the processes of knowledge, observation, issue, project and practice. Based on the epidemic, the students could not go out of Taiwan for the ex-situ learning, so that, the sites might switch to the coastal area of Chiayi county. The effects of global environmental change could be observed in the Dongshi Township and Budai Township. The purposes of this study are to explore the learning process of communication, cooperation, coordination and autonomous learning of these students; to analyze the reflection, social care and learning effectiveness of student service learning. This study was followed the course of “Global Environmental Change and Sustainable Development”(2 credits). After recruitment orientations, fifteen students joined this study. In the knowledge stage, the students got the environmental knowledge from the digital units on the Moodle system before the social practice. After field trips and interview the stakeholder, the students built action plan by the five steps of design thinking: empathize, define, ideate, prototype, test. The “Water-shore Cleanup of Chiayi Youth” project was built in the course. The students created the standard operation procedure of water-shore clean and recruitment. They recruited another 20 university students for the water-shore cleanup of Beigang River. In two hour of the action, drift wood and trash were cleaned with 2,605 kg. The “Social Care and Social Practice Interactive Learning Questionnaire" and “E-learning Questionnaire” were applied to assess students' learning effectiveness in the service learning course. The “sense of mission for social service” and “I believe can do something make the social better” were significant different. The average of Teaching Evaluation Questionnaire of this course in the end of 109-2 semester was 5.00 (total score is 5)
[[alternative]]Mediation Effect of Service Quality on the Relationship between Participation Motivation and Leisure Benefits: A Case Study of the Ecological Experience of Sea Fishing in ShenAo Fishing Port
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究以前往深澳漁港海釣之釣客為研究對象，分析不同變項在海釣參與動機、海釣後休閒效益、深澳船家提供服務品質與海釣後重遊意願等構面之差異性分析，並進行服務品質在參與動機對休閒效益與重遊意願之中介效果分析 本研究採用非隨機抽樣之方便抽樣蒐集樣本，問卷蒐集主要分成兩部份：1.於2023年2月至3月期間於深澳漁港發放。2.利用臉書社群平台（新北部釣魚資訊交流）放置問卷檔案連結直接填答，總共發出問卷數160份，回收有效問卷156份，有效回收率 97.5%。統計方法主要是採用信度分析、敘述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析與迴歸分析。研究結果發現：一、 深澳漁港海釣之釣客以男性為主；年齡以30歲到39歲者居多；學歷具大專院校學歷者最多；職業多為製造業；平均每月可用零用金為5,001~10,000元居多；參與的釣客大多來自新北市；婚姻狀況多為已婚（有小孩）；參與海釣次數以四次（含）以上最多；以親友介紹得知深澳漁港海釣船資訊最多；自行開車至深澳海釣之釣客為最多。二、 海釣動機現況達中上水準，主要以「放鬆需求」動機為最高，平均值達4.07。。三、 深澳船家提供服務品質現況達中上水準，主要以「可靠性」此服務品質為最高，平均值達4.13。四、 至海釣後休閒效益現況達中上水準，以「心理效益」為最高，平均值達4.12。五、 至深澳海釣後的重遊意願達中上水準，以日後會「再訪」為主，平均值達4.26。六、 在參與海釣的動機這個主構面，會因為深澳海釣遊客之性別、參與海釣次數、每月可花零用金及年齡的不同而達到部分顯著差異。其中，男性在刺激需求、人際關係需求、自尊與自我發展需求及自我實現需求這四個子構面的平均數均大於女性；第三次參與海釣活動的釣客在自尊與自我發展需求此子構面的平均數大於第二次參與海釣活動；每月可用零用金在1萬元以下的釣客在刺激需求、自尊與自我發展需求及自我實現需求這這三個子構面的平均數均大於1萬零1到兩萬元的釣客；40-49歲的釣客在自我實現需求這個子構面的平均數會大於39歲以下的釣客。七、 在船家提供的服務品質這個主構面，會因為深澳海釣遊客之婚姻狀況、參與海釣次數及每月可花零用金的不同而達到部分顯著差異。其中，未婚者在回應性、關懷性這兩個子構面的平均數均大於已婚者；第三次參與海釣活動的釣客在有形性、可靠性、回應性、確實性與關懷性這五個子構面的平均數均大於第四次（含以上）參與海釣活動的釣客；每月可用零用金在1萬元以下的釣客在可靠性、回應性及確實性這這三個子構面的平均數均大於1萬零1到兩萬元的釣客。八、 在海釣後休閒效益這個主構面，會因為深澳海釣遊客之性別及參與海釣次數的不同而達到部分顯著差異。其中，男性在心裡效益這個子構面的平均數大於女性；第三次參與海釣活動的釣客在休閒效益、心理效益與教育效益這三個子構面的平均數大於第二次參與海釣活動的釣客。九、 在海釣後重遊意願這個主構面，會因為深澳海釣遊客之參與海釣次數的不同而達到部分顯著差異。其中，第三次參與海釣活動的釣客在再訪這個子構面的平均數大於第二次參與海釣活動的釣客。十、 深澳船家提供的服務品質在海釣參與動機對休閒效益的影響過程中具有部分的中介效果。十一、深澳船家提供的服務品質在海釣參與動機對重遊意願的影響過程中具有完全的中介效果。[[abstract]] The research objects of this study are fishermen who go fishing in Shenao fishing port. Different aspects are analyzed for different aspects, such as participation motivation in sea fishing, leisure benefits after sea fishing, service quality provided by boat operators in Shenao fishing port, and willingness to revisit after sea fishing. And the analysis of the mediating effect of service quality is carried out on the relationship between participation motivation and leisure benefits and revisit intention. The sample collected in this study adopts non-random sampling, and the questionnaire collection is mainly divided into two parts: 1. Questionnaires will be distributed at Shenao Fishing Port from February to March 2023. 2. Place the link of the questionnaire file on the Facebook community platform （Xinbei Fishing Information Exchange） to answer directly. A total of 160 questionnaires were sent out, and 156 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 97.5%. Statistical methods mainly use reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, independent sample t test, single factor analysis of variance and regression analysis. The research results are as follows: 1. Most of the fishermen in Shenao Fishing Port are men; most of them are between 30 and 39 years old; most of them have college degrees; most of them are in manufacturing industry; the average monthly allowance is NT10,000 are larger than those with NT20,000. The average self-actualization needs in the sub-facets are greater for anglers aged 40-49 than those under 39 years old. 7. In the main aspect, there will be some significant differences in the quality of service provided by boat operators due to differences in the marital status, number of times of sea fishing participation and monthly pocket money of sea fishing tourists in Shenao Fishing Port. Among them, the average responsiveness and caring in the two sub-facets are greater in unmarried than married. The average of the five sub-facets is tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, authenticity and caring, and the anglers who participated in the sea fishing activity for the third time were larger than those who participated in the sea fishing activity for the fourth time （including above）. The average of the three sub-facets in reliability, responsiveness and certainty is greater for anglers whose monthly pocket money is less than NT10,001 to NT$20,000. 8. In the main dimension, there are some significant differences in the leisure benefits after sea fishing due to the differences in gender and the number of times of sea fishing in Shenao sea fishing tourists. Among them, the average psychological benefit in the sub-facet is greater for males than for females. In terms of the average of the three sub-facets in terms of leisure benefits, psychological benefits and educational benefits, the anglers who participated in sea fishing activities for the third time were greater than those who participated in sea fishing activities for the second time. 9. In the main dimension, there are some significant differences in the willingness to revisit sea fishing because of the differences in the number of sea fishing tourists in Shenao fishing port. Among them, the average number of sub-facets was revisited, and the anglers who participated in sea fishing activities for the third time were larger than those who participated in sea fishing activities for the second time. 10. In the process of sea fishing participation motivation affecting leisure benefits, the service quality provided by Shenao fishing port boatmen has a partial mediation effect. 11. In the process of sea fishing participation motivation affecting the willingness to revisit sea fishing, the service quality provided by Shenao fishing port boatmen has a complete mediation effect
[[alternative]]Writing Strategies and World Views in Huang Guo-Jun's Short Stories
No full text[[abstract]] 本文以「黃國峻短篇小說中的書寫策略及其世界觀」為論題，藉此將黃國峻從事寫作的短短幾年作品做一共性討論。在正式進入書寫策略及世界觀深析之前，論者首先引入湯普森(Stith Thompson)的母題(motif)概念，母題是構成主題的重要部分，且一主題可由多個母題構成，認為母題為文本的最小敘述單位，掌握文本之存在母題不只可將主題的被建構以更清晰的方式分析，更可了解隱含作者敘述文本主題時的著重面向，讓論題的開展有更加堅實的基礎。 書寫策略將以符號學概念出發，著重分析文本如何「被」構成，在此將針對黃國峻之文本敘述技巧做出歸納，由胡亞敏說法的敘事學方法切入，以視角、形象、修辭與敘事型態等進行深析，論其文本內之敘事結構如何構成。 世界觀概念源於高德曼(Lucien Goldmann)的發生論結構主義，將文本視作兩個結構的相互對立，以結構的對立導出文本內隱含作者所肯定之意識型態，藉由這樣把文本與隱含作者思想連結的分析方式進行研究，得以更有脈絡的探討文本之於作者間的關聯。 繼世界觀的意涵結構分析之後，引入現代主義及存在主義之概念，前者把世界觀概念中未提及之美學原則獨立一節探析，從現代主義的手法中解析黃國峻文本世界觀建立的美學共性，後者歸結黃國峻文本中的存在主義式世界觀如何被構成。 希望透過對文本的書寫策略及世界觀的提出，從敘事學的基礎上找尋黃國峻文本作品中恆定的敘事原則，並由高德曼、現代主義、存在主義等社會學之方法探尋黃國峻的美學思想及其意識形態，作為日後黃國峻研究之基礎，讓台灣後出的現代主義文學可被更多讀者及研究者看見，使其相關之研究得以更加完整且豐富。[[abstract]] This article focuses on “Writing Strategies and World views in Huang Guo-Jun's Short Stories”, so as to discuss the works of Huang Guo-jun's in the short years of writing. Before entering into the deep analysis of writing strategies and world views, the commentators first introduce Stith Thompson's concept of motifs, which are an important part of the composition of a theme, and a theme can be composed of multiple motifs, it is believed that the parent title is the smallest narrative unit of the text, and mastering the existence of the text motif can not only analyze the construction of the theme in a clearer way, but also understand the emphasis of the implied author when describing the theme of the text, so that the development of the topic has a more solid foundation. The writing strategy will start from the concept of semiotics, focusing on how the text is “constituted”, and here it will summarize Huang Guo-jun's textual narrative technique, starting from the narrative method of Hu Yamin's statement, and deeply analyze the perspective, image, rhetoric and narrative form to discuss how the narrative structure in the text is composed. The concept of world view derives from Lucien Goldmann's occurrenceist structuralism, which regards the text as the opposition of two structures, derives the ideological form affirmed by the author implicit in the text with the opposition of the structure, and through this analytical way of studying the connection between the text and the implicit author's thoughts, it is possible to explore the relationship between the text and the author in a more contextual. Following the analysis of the meaning structure of the world view, the concepts of modernism and existentialism are introduced, the former analyzes the aesthetic principles not mentioned in the concept of world view in a separate section, analyzes the aesthetic commonality established by Huang Guo-jun's textual world view from the modernist approach, and the latter summarizes how the existential world view in Huang Guo-jun's text is constituted. It is hoped that through the proposal of the writing strategy and world view of the text, the constant narrative principle in Huang Guo-jun's textual works will be found from the basis of narratology, and the aesthetic ideas and ideology of Huang Guo-jun's will be explored by the sociological methods of Goldman, modernism, existentialism, etc., as the basis for Huang Guo-jun's future research, so that Taiwan's later modernist literature can be seen by more readers and researchers, so that its related research can be more complete and rich
[[alternative]]The Structural Principle and Its World View in Chen Ying- Zhen's Novels
No full text[[abstract]] 關於陳映真小說之研究，歷來吸引眾多研究者。他們著眼於陳映真個人在國家、政治以及眾多社會議題的參與。然而在閱讀小說的過程當中，是否必須不斷的與小說外的陳映真進行對話呢？這樣的考量，在陳映真小說的分析當中，是永恆且必要的嗎？什麼時候、哪篇小說是與那些講話（或文章）一起被考量的，尚且難有定見，更遑論能夠自行提出解釋的陳映真先生，隨著其生命的逝去也不可能加入討論。倘若只論小說本身，是否能夠得出意義，是本文在研究上的初始動機。 本研究以「陳映真小說中的結構原則及其世界觀」為題，希望藉由探討陳映真小說內容的結構方式，取得其中同質性的原則。並針對結構當中層次遞進的三個議題：階級、國族以及批判為分類以進行。在發現其中的原則之後，延伸其中的對立內容，透過對文本當中敘事模式進行的發現，進而導出文本對於對立中延伸之價值有何樣的表現傾向，並透露出怎麼樣的世界觀。在研究中，發現並歸納出結構在延伸到深層意涵時，呈現的多維或二元對立結構，並能夠發現其中隱含讀者在設計文本時透露的價值意識（主體意識價值觀），在處理階級時體諒受壓迫者；在國族中反對外國族對本土的侵略；而在批判中針對平民與統治階級兩個方面共構的威權與剝奪予以否定意見。而在這些分別的文本所論證出來數個價值意識，又能相互組合、補證出一種接近社會主義價值之世界觀。 世界觀的使用需提及的高德曼（Lucien Goldmann）之發生論結構主義。其原先意旨在透過文本中可劃分的兩種對立結構（表、深層之分），討論敘述主體在文本當中肯定何種意識形態。而在本文的討論裡，表層與深層（意涵層次）在對立結構中不一定會有顯著的分離。並且，在銜接於對立結構討論之後的價值意識與世界觀討論之導出，並不會以「真實創作主體」的陳映真先生所發表的任何形式的評論、講話作為說明與例證。其目的不在切割陳映真與其小說作品之關係，而在樹立以研究動機為規範的研究方法原則。 在研究過程當中，本文將以敘事學為基礎，從數個主題上探討陳映真小說當中的價值意識及世界觀。同時期望藉由「陳映真小說中結構原則及其世界觀」之提出，為以陳映真小說作為對象之研究提出參考，以期陳映真小說研究更加圓滿豐盛。[[abstract]] The study of Chen Ying-Zhen's novels has always attracted many researchers. They focused on Chen Ying-Zhen's personal involvement in the state, politics, and many social issues. However, in the process of reading the novel, do you have to constantly have a dialogue with Chen Ying-Zhen outside the novel? Is such a consideration eternal and necessary in the analysis of Chen Ying-Zhen's novel? It is difficult to determine when and which novel will be considered along with those speeches (or articles), let alone Mr. Chen Ying-Zhen, who can provide his own explanations, and it is impossible to join the discussion as his life passes. If we only talk about the novel itself, whether it can derive meaning is the initial motivation for the research of this article. The title of this research is “Structural Principles and World View in Chen Ying-Zhen's Novels”, hoping to obtain the principle of homogeneity by exploring the structural methods of Chen Ying-Zhen's novels. It also addresses the three issues of progressive hierarchy in the structure: class, nation, and criticism.after discovering the principles, extend the opposites in them, and through the discovery of the narrative patterns in the text, then derive what kind of expressive tendency the text has for the value extended in the opposition, and reveal what kind of worldview. In the research, the multi-dimensional or binary opposition structure presented by the structure when it extends to the deep meaning is found and summarized, and the value consciousness (subject consciousness value) revealed by the reader when designing the text can be found. Be considerate of the oppressed in dealing with class; Oppose foreign aggression against the homeland among the nation; In the criticism, it rejects the authoritarianism and deprivation of the common people and the ruling class. And the several value consciousnesses demonstrated in these separate texts can be combined with each other to complement a world view close to socialist values. The use of worldview should be mentioned in Lucien Goldmann's occurrence structuralism. Its original intention was to discuss what ideology the narrative subject affirms in the text through two opposing structures ( table and deep ) , which can be divided into two structures of opposition. In the discussion of this paper, there is not necessarily a significant separation between the surface and the deep (meaning level) in the opposing structure.Moreover, the derivation of the discussion of value consciousness and world view after the discussion of opposing structures does not use any form of comments and speeches made by Mr. Chen Ying-Zhen, the “real creative subject”, as explanations and examples. Its purpose is not to cut the relationship between Chen Ying-Zhen and his novels, but to establish the principle of research methods based on research motivation. In the course of this research, this paper will explore the value consciousness and worldview of Chen Ying-Zhen's novels from several themes based on narratology. At the same time, it is hoped that through the proposal of “Structural Principles and World View in Chen Ying-Zhen's Novels“, a reference will be proposed for the research of Chen Ying-Zhen's novels, so as to make the research of Chen Ying-Zhen's novels more complete and prosperous
[[alternative]]A Study of Zhuang-Tze's Thoughts of “Lie Yu Koi”
No full text[[abstract]] 《莊子．列禦寇》篇，「列禦寇」是第一段出現的主要人物，即以之名篇。全篇由許多小故事夾著議論組合而成。內容很雜，其間也無內在聯絡，主要是闡述忘我的思想。宇宙奧妙深不可測，莊子哲學思想是延繼於老子，莊子指出「道」是宇宙天地間客觀自然規律的循環，人又如何找尋到宇宙奧妙之規律呢？自然規律宇宙的本源又在哪裡呢？莊子提出了天下萬物互相聯繫的，冥冥之中沒有操縱萬物的主宰。老子的「人法自然」基礎上，是自養在天地中自然演化。 本論文主要分為五章，第一章〈緒論〉研究動機與目的，文獻探討，研究方法及論文結構。第二章《莊子･列禦寇》時代背景與思想淵源，莊子生平、時代背景，淵源於老子道德經，繼承《莊子內七篇 》。第三章 《莊子･列禦寇》思想內容，虛無以應世，保持自然本性，主張真誠謙虛反對虛偽傲慢，反對追求名利，不可貪天之功為己有．反對以貌取人，強調綜合考察，第四章《莊子・列禦寇》思想價值及現代意義，豁達的生死觀，超越名利處世觀，安之若命心以自處。第五章〈結論〉研究成果與未來展望。[[abstract]] “Zhuangzi. “Lie Yukai”, this article is originally the name of the first person, and it is used here as the title of the article. The entire length may be composed of multiple short stories with discussions. The content is very complicated, and there is no internal network during it, mainly about selfless thoughts. The mysteries of the universe are unfathomable, life perishes, and death reincarnates. Zhuangzi's philosophical thought is inherited from the old man. Zhuangzi pointed out that “Tao” is the cycle of objective natural laws in the universe and heaven. How can people find the mysterious laws of the universe? Where is the origin of the laws of nature and the universe? Zhuangzi proposed that all things in the world are interconnected, and there is no master who manipulates all things in the dark. On the basis of Laozi's “man follows nature”, it is self-support that evolves naturally in the heaven and earth. This dissertation is mainly divided into five parts, the first part “Summary Theory” discusses research and objectives, dissertation discussion, research methods and dissertation structure. The second chapter “Zhuangzi · List Yukou” background and thinking origin, Zhuangzi's life and background, originate from Laozi's Tao Te Ching, and inherit “Zhuangzi Neiqipian”. The content of the third chapter “Zhuangzi·Lie Yukou” is to respond to the world with nothingness, maintain the natural nature, and respond to the world with nothingness, advocates sincerity and humility, opposes hypocrisy and arrogance, opposes the pursuit of fame and fortune, and should not be greedy for one's own, advocates sincerity and modesty Anti-hypocrisy and arrogance, anti-judging people by appearance, emphasizing comprehensive examination, the fourth chapter “Zhuangzi · Lie Yukou” ideological value and modern significance. The fifth chapter is conclusion and prospect