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[[alternative]]Factors Associated with Use of Aromatherapy among Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic
No full text[[abstract]] 背景與目的：防疫措施除了遵守戴口罩、維持安全社交距離以及尋求正統醫療外，大眾也積極尋求輔助療法(例如芳香療法)來幫助自己維持身心安適。而關於在COVID-19疫情期間，民眾使用芳香療法的相關因子尚未有研究討論。 材料與方法：本研究採橫斷式調查，以網路匿名問卷進行，收案對象為年滿20歲至64歲之成年人。問卷內容包含受訪者的基本資料、對COVID-19的風險認知以及疫情之前和疫情期間的芳香療法使用情況。進行邏輯回歸分析以了解芳香療法使用的相關因子。 結果：共回收有效問卷502份，受訪者的COVID-19感染情況，曾經確診者有216人(43%)，家人及親友曾經確診者有395人(78.7%)，61.4% (n = 308)的受訪者在疫情期間有使用精油，其中疫情之前有使用經驗者有90.6% (n = 279)在疫情期間會持續使用。疫情之前使用精油的原因以緩解情緒為最多(87.4%)、疫情期間則以提高免疫力(65.6%)與降低感染的機會(64.3%)二項居多，這也反應在精油品項的選擇，疫情前較常被使用的是薰衣草、檸檬、甜橙及佛手柑精油，疫情期間則是茶樹、澳洲尤加利、月桂、綠花白千層以及羅文莎葉精油，這些精油對於預防或改善呼吸系統、抗菌以及提高免疫力均有幫助。常使用的方式為擴香嗅吸，疫情前使用的頻率為每天二到四次為主，疫情期間相同使用頻率的人次有增加趨勢。疫情期間使用精油的相關因子是女性及之前有使用精油的經驗；確診與否與使用精油沒有顯著差異。有使用精油的受訪者其風險認知平均數較低，推測與個人對芳香療法可促進健康之信念有關。 結論：本研究提供有關於COVID-19疫情期間民眾使用芳香療法相關因子的信息，以供相關單位日後應用芳香療法於流行病學之參考。[[abstract]] Background and Purpose: In addition to wearing a mask, maintaining social distancing, and seeking conventional medical care, the public also actively seeks complementary therapies, such as aromatherapy, to help them maintain their physical and mental well-being. There has been no research conducted to investigate the factors associated with aromatherapy and its use as a treatment for COVID-19. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted cross-sectionally using an online questionnaire. Participants were between the ages of 20 and 64. The survey collected the following information: sociodemographic characteristics, risk perception of COVID-19, and the use of aromatherapy before and during the pandemic. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to understand the effect of the factors associated with aromatherapy. Results: In total, 502 valid responses were analyzed. 216 (43%) participants reported to have had a positive COVID-19 test result. In addition, the family members of 395 (78.7%) participants have had a positive test result for COVID-19. Furthermore, 61.4% (n = 308) of the participants reported using essential oils during the pandemic. Among them, 90.6% (n = 279) of those who had experience in using it before the epidemic will continue to use it during the epidemic. Before the pandemic, the participants primarily used essential oils to improve their mood (87.4%). However, during the pandemic, the focus shifted toward using essential oils to strengthen the immune system (65.6%) and reduce the risk of infection (64.3%). This change in focus is also reflected in the choice of essential oil. Prior to the pandemic, Lavender True, Lemon, Sweet Orange, and Bergamot essential oils were more commonly used. However, during the pandemic, essential oils such as Tea Tree, Eucalyptus, Laurel, Niaouli, and Ravensara were used. These oils are helpful in preventing or improving respiratory issues, countering infections, and boosting the immune system. The most common method of using the essential oils was through a diffuser. Before the pandemic, the frequency of using essential oil was mainly two to four times a day. However, during the pandemic, the number of participants using essential oil at the same frequency increased. The factors associated with the use of essential oils during the pandemic were gender and prior experience with essential oils. There was no significant difference between testing positive for COVID-19 and the use of essential oils. Respondents who used essential oils had lower average risk perceptions, presumably related to personal beliefs that aromatherapy can promote health. Conclusion: This study provides information on the use of aromatherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be used for future reference in epidemiology
[[alternative]]Explore the Bloggers' Tour around Taiwan
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究旨在透過部落格文章，文字探勘來了解部落客對環島旅遊意象及內心感受體驗。首先利用Google搜尋，收集307篇部落客的環島旅遊文章，以內容分析法作質化探討，再運用中文斷詞系統整理關鍵詞，進行詞頻分析、共詞分析、多元尺度分析，以更客觀的量化數據來探討環島旅遊的旅遊意象與體驗價值。 研究結果發現：(1)自行車和機車被提及次數較其他交通工具多。(2) 環島遊憩活動最多為欣賞自然風景。(3)本研究城鎮吸引力較高的兩縣市為台東和花蓮。(4)文本分析發現觀光景點以墾丁最為熱門，其他皆位於花東，旅遊意象多為山海風光。(5)環島除了觀光外，也多了目的性、冒險性和挑戰性。(6)環島遊客也逐漸深度探索地方小鎮。(7)環島體驗價值為很熱血、有成就感、有意義等，幾乎都是正向的感受。(8)環島的安全在文本中常被提及，提醒注意行車安全。 根據上述研究結果，建議政府當局與業者能結合地方體驗與文創產業、提供環島配套支援服務與住宿選擇、重視自然生態環境議題，確保旅遊發展與環境保護之間的平衡，促使觀光旅遊永續發展。[[abstract]] The purpose of this research is to explore bloggers' images of traveling around Taiwan and their inner experience through bloggers' articles and text mining. First, I use Google to search, collect 307 bloggers’ travel articles around Taiwan, and I use content analysis method for qualitative discussion. Then I use the Chinese word segmentation system to organize keywords for words frequency analysis and content analysis of co-word analysis and mul-ti-scale, and use more objective quantitative data to explore the tourism image of people traveling around Taiwan and their inner experience. The results of the study are as follows: (1) Bicycles and motorcycles were mentioned more frequently than other ways of transportation. (2) The most popular recreational activity for traveling around Taiwan is enjoying the natu-ral scenery. (3) The top two cities with high urban attractiveness in this study are Taitung and Hualien. (4) Through text analysis, I found that Kenting is the most popular tourist attraction, the others are located in Taitung and Hualien, and most of the tourist images are mountain and sea scenery. (5) In addition to sightseeing, traveling around Taiwan is more purposeful, adventurous and challenging. (6) Tourists traveling around Taiwan gradually explore local towns in depth. (7) For the travelers, they felt the value of traveling-around- Taiwan experience is passionate, meaningful and with enthusiasm, a sense of accomplishment, mostly positive feelings. (8) The safety of cycling around Taiwan is also often mentioned in the text, reminding people to pay attention to driving safety. Based on the above research results, I would suggest the government au-thorities and tourist operators to combine local experience with cultural and creative industries, to provide supporting services and accommodation options around Taiwan, to pay attention to natural ecological environment issues, to ensure a balance between tourism development and environmental protection, and to promote sustainable development of tourism
[[alternative]]The Study on Exploring the Experience of Service Quality towards Family Facilities at Shopping Centers in Taoyuan City
No full text[[abstract]] 現代人重視旅遊，親子設施服務也是人們在意的其中一部分，本研究以桃園在地的購物中心為例，對其消費者發放問卷，採用重要性-表現分析法來研究民眾對於購物中心各項親子設施服務品質的使用體驗。本研究回收有效問卷一共為210份，研究結果發現：1.業者在環境維護上、價格、動靜態規劃，已達到遊客的期望。2.遊客對於桃園購物中心親子設施的服務人員，重視度較不那麼高，但滿意度卻是高的。3.遊客在到訪前，對於親子設施的美學較不重視，而體驗後遊客亦感到不是很滿意，表示業者在親子設施的美學上未符合遊客的需求。4.遊客對於桃園購物中心親子設施的空間機能十分重視，而體驗後遊客卻感到不滿意，顯示業者可以根據此方面做更妥善的規劃。[[abstract]] Modern people attach great importance to visual tourism, and parent-child design services are also part of what people care about. This study takes the local shopping center in Taoyuan as an example, sends questionnaires to other consumers, and uses the importance-performance analysis method to study the non-government services for various items in the shopping center. Parent-child facilities for quality of service experience. A total of 210 question papers were recovered in this study, and the results of the study found that:1. The industry has met the expectations of tourists in terms of environmental maintenance, price, and dynamic planning.2. Tourists do not have a high degree of visual awareness of the service staff of the parent-child design facilities in Taoyuan Shopping Center, but their satisfaction is high.3. Before the visit, tourists paid little attention to the beauty of parent-child design, and after the experience, tourists also felt dissatisfied, indicating that the beauty of parent-child design did not meet the needs of tourists.4. Tourists attach great importance to the aerial functions set up by parents and children in Taoyuan Shopping Center, but tourists do not feel satisfied after the experience. It shows that the industry can make more ingenious plans based on this aspect
[[alternative]]An Assessment of Preschool Educators Guiding Preschoolers to Implement Sweating Gross Motor Activities: A Case Study of a Public Kindergarten in New Taipei City
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究旨在探討教保服務人員實施出汗性大肌肉活動之現況與阻礙因素，以新北市某公立幼兒園為例。教保服務人員實施出汗性大肌肉活動之阻礙因素包括以下三項：幼兒對於大肌肉活動不感興趣、教保服務人員實施出汗性大肌肉活動感到無力感、出汗性大肌肉活動教學配置不足。本研究以質性研究法作為主要研究方式，藉由半結構的訪談架構，與10位幼兒及6位教保服務人員進行訪談並將資料分析及歸納，結論如下：一、幼兒對於大肌肉活動不感興趣之阻礙因素探究：個人因素以沒吃飽、沒睡飽等生理因素占多數；同儕因不小心的或輕微的碰觸身體而向老師告狀，是大多數幼兒不喜歡的經驗；課程活動缺乏變化，常玩相同的運動，以上三項皆為幼兒對出汗性大肌肉活動課程缺乏興趣的原因。二、教保服務人員實施出汗性大肌肉活動感到無力感之阻礙因素探究：大肌肉活動僅作現場狀況調整，沒有整年度的關於幼兒發展完備的活動內容；因學校處於分齡教學與混齡教學過渡期，多數教保服務人員未依不同年齡層設計課程；教保服務人員常因主題活動課程進度致影響教學；班級秩序及特殊生會影響活動的進程；幼兒穿著不適當的服裝及很晚到校影響活動推動；教保服務人員可能因同班教師因為幼兒生理、心理需求、行政單位需要資料須立即提供、每日的值班、打掃等瑣事影響教學品質；每學期僅一次期末總評量，無其他評量項目有失客觀判斷致影響教學，以上七項皆為教保服務人員實施出汗性大肌肉活動感到無力感的原因。三、出汗性大肌肉活動教學配置不足情形因素之阻礙因素探究：沒有足夠的教學活動空間、用具缺乏而使課程一成不變、尚未有專款專用經費故採購相關器材有難度、教學資源無法有效被利用、大肌肉活動相關研習偏少，以上五項皆為出汗性大肌肉活動教學配置不足的原因。四、依據研究結果對提出相關建議 依據研究的結果，作者於最後章節提出相關建議，供教保服務人員實施出汗性大肌肉課程的評估及未來研究之參考。[[abstract]] The present study aims to realize current situation and constraints of sweating gross motor activities which preschool educators implemented in public preschool in New Taipei City. Constraint factors of educators implemented sweating gross motor activities in public preschool could be firstly, children were not interested in activities; secondly, there were sense of powerlessness of preschool educators; lastly, there were insufficient teaching configuration to carry out sweating gross muscle activities.The present study adopts the qualitative methodology to conduct semi-structured interview, interviews with 10 children and 6 preschool educators as research objects. Following is the summary of the present research:1.Physiological factors of young children; sudden physical contact; and lack of curriculum diversity would cause the reasons why children are not interested in gross muscle activities.2.Preschool educators feel sense of powerlessness when implementing sweating gross motor activities due to seven factors. Firstly, there is no year-round developmental content for young children; secondly, sweating gross motor curriculum not designed for different ages; thirdly, sweating gross motor activities are often affected by the course progress; fourthly, class order and the students with special educational needs would affect the progress of activities; fifthly, children wearing inappropriate clothing and coming to school late may affect the promotion of activities; sixthly, trivial to-do list may have an impact on teachers’ teaching quality; last but not least, there are no other assessment items that are not objectively judged would affect the teaching of the teachers.3.Five reasons of insufficient teaching configuration conducting sweating gross muscle activities reveal as follows: there is not enough space for teaching activities; lack of equipment makes the curriculum static; it is difficult to purchase related equipment because there is no specific fund for special purpose; teaching resources cannot be effectively used; there is less study of sweating gross motor activities. According to the conclusions, concrete suggestions are provided for preschool educational institutions, preschool educators, and future researchers who interested in the educational fields
[[alternative]]The Concept of Sports Education Represented in the Sports Film “We Are Champions”
No full text[[abstract]] 在運動電影中，往往想傳達正面積極的能量，透過主角遭遇困境面臨挫折，最後突破自我的潛能，完成夢想，來激勵觀眾的內心。本研究選取運動電影《下半場》作為研究對象，不同以往運動電影關注在勵志及正能量的傳達，而是聚焦在運動教育學及運動心理學，以文字說明搭配電影畫面截圖的方式呈現，並輔以運動教育學之教學光譜理論、運動心理學之自我決定理論、符號學結合敘事結構分析和鏡頭分析論述，從體育人的視角，分析電影中所要傳達的教育理念，以及當運動員在不同的教練領導風格中，在訓練及比賽期間，所面臨的家庭、友情、愛情時的心理變化，應如何提升運動員心理素質。[[abstract]] In sports movies, it is often intended to convey positive energy, through the protagonist facing difficulties and setbacks, ultimately breaking through their own potential and fulfilling their dreams, to inspire the audience's inner selves. This research selects the sports film “The Second Half” as the research object. Unlike the previous sports films, which focus on the transmission of motivation and positive energy, they focus on sports pedagogy and sports psychology. They are presented in the form of text descriptions and film screenshots, supplemented by the teaching spectrum theory of sports pedagogy, the self determination theory of sports psychology, and semiotics combined with narrative structure analysis and lens analysis. From the perspective of sports people, Analyze the educational concepts to be conveyed in the movie, as well as the psychological changes faced by athletes during training and competition under different coach leadership styles, such as family, friendship, and love, and how to improve the psychological quality of athletes
[[alternative]]Love Songs for LGBTQ: The LGBTQ Present of Taiwanese Popular Music
No full text[[abstract]] 流行歌曲是大眾通俗(庶民)文化，反映民眾的當代生活型態與所思所想，也是青少年次文化中重要的一環，對年輕人的影響不可小覷。自2003年台灣同志運動開始之際，台灣流行音樂亦開始關注多元性別議題，以歌曲探討社會議題，成為新型態的創作模式，在歌詞撰寫、MV敘事中展現觀點與立場，如蔡依林於2019年出品歌曲《玫瑰少年》，取材於2000年「葉永鋕事件」，喚起民眾遺失已久的記憶碎片，重新認識「葉永鋕」、重新看見「多元性別族群」。 尤其在台灣多元性別運動的發展歷程，可見伴隨著各時期出品的相關音樂，這些歌曲反映出多元性別者在不同社會價值體系的處境，並與多元性別運動相互扣環，成為一種為多元性別者向社會傾訴的聲音，而流行歌曲（歌詞、MV）的表現也隨著文化變遷而有所差異，如歌詞的表達方式從早期隱晦的陳述心境到後期直接表白支持的內容、或MV從不拍攝任何與多元性別相關的劇情內容到後期加入多元性別者的角色與代表性符號等，隨著社會對多元性別議題的討論升高後，歌曲的表現方法也逐漸多元。 此外，歌曲藉由被閱聽眾點閱、觀看和聆聽的過程中，將價值信念與訊息傳遞出去，透過歌詞與MV等內容將多元性別者的生命經歷與情緒感受重新塑造，使閱聽眾從中認識多元性別者的處境外，也使多元性別者從中獲得經驗的再現，使其能夠從中產生共鳴與慰藉感受，而這整個過程即是閱聽眾與歌曲兩者間的互動模式，藉由歌曲傳遞訊息，使閱聽眾接受並感受訊息帶來的經驗，將經驗再現產生共鳴，或是透過經驗獲得新的認知。[[abstract]] Pop music are popular (common people) culture, reflecting the contemporary life style and thoughts of the people, and are also an important part of the youth subculture, and their influence on gender diversity people should not be underestimated. Since the beginning of the gay movement in Taiwan in 2003, Taiwanese pop music has also begun to explore the social issues related to gender through music, becoming a new mode of creation, showing views and positions in lyrics writing and MV narrative, such as Jolin Tsai's 2019 song “Rose Boy”, based on the 2000 “Ye Yong Chuan Incident”, evoking the long-lost memory fragments of the public, re-understanding “Ye Yong Chuan” and re-seeing the “multi-gender community”. Especially in the development process of Taiwan's gender diversity movement, it can be seen that the related music produced in various periods reflects the situation of gender-diverse individuals in different social value systems, and is interlinked with the gender diversity movement, becoming a voice for people of diverse genders to communicate with society. The performance of popular music (lyrics, MV) also varies with cultural changes, for example, the expression of lyrics ranges from the early obscure statement of mood to the content of direct confession support in the later stage, or the MV never shoots any plot content related to gender diversity to the later addition of the roles and representative symbols of gender diversification, etc., as the discussion of gender issues in society increases, the expression methods of music are gradually diversified. Moreover, the music transmits the value belief and message through the process of reading, watching, and listening to the audience, and reshapes the life experience and emotional feelings of gender diversity through the lyrics and MV, so that the audience can understand the situation of the gender diversity person, and also enable the gender person to get experience from it, so that it can resonate and comfort from it, and this whole process is the interaction mode between the audience and the music, by conveying the message through music, the audience can accept and feel the experience brought by the message, resonate with the experience, or gain new insights from the experience
臺灣當代詩之敘事結構分析：以楊智傑與煮雪的人為例
No full text[[abstract]]在「抒情」當道的臺灣當代詩場域中，推出以「敘事」為寫作策略的詩集實為異數，能夠建立一套體系與風格的寫作者更是少數。本文聚焦探究千禧世代詩人的敘事特質，以二十一世紀的當代詩為研究範疇，選擇楊智傑與煮雪的人兩位作為研究對象──在楊智傑的三本詩集中，《深深》顯現出了兩條不同的敘事脈絡，「個人政治的抒情敘事」在往後的《小寧》得到盛大開展，「名詞導向推進敘事」也在往後的《野狗與青空》發揮到極致；而煮雪的人在《小說詩集》中提出的「小說詩」論述雖未引起廣泛討論，但經過調整後於《掙扎的貝類》的重新現身，以實際作品獲得了文學場域的關注與肯認。本研究梳理過往「敘事詩」類型在臺灣文學史的沿革，而後依序討論楊智傑與煮雪的人兩位千禧世代的代表性詩人，透過文本精讀與美學探究，將兩位詩人的詩學表現在文學史定位，期待能夠建立一套不同以往的臺灣當代詩「敘事」論述
[[alternative]]U.S.-Europe-Russia Relations in the Post-Cold War Era: Nord Stream 2
No full text[[abstract]]冷戰結束至今，美蘇正式結束對抗，歐洲情勢不如以往緊張，照理說美國對於歐洲的掌握能有所鬆動；然而隨著俄羅斯在此區域的地緣優勢，尤其俄國盛產天然氣、石油，該天然資源恰好為歐洲國家所需，傳統上，美國與歐洲國家的關係建立在軍事同盟，並且按照此基礎衍生出許多共同的地緣利益，歐洲國家，尤其西歐與北歐普遍親美，不但具體出現在軍事合作外，對於俄羅斯的態度，北約成員的立場更時常與美國一致。然而，俄羅斯因盛產天然氣與石油，伴隨著全球暖化日益加溫，歐洲地區更為重視乾淨能源的使用與進口，俄國恰好為鄰國之一，更是掌握天然氣的生產大國，於是向俄羅斯採購天然氣已是歐洲國家行之多年的政策。天然氣的運輸必須透過管線的方式進行，過往俄羅斯均以陸上的管線進行運輸，然而新建成的北溪二號管線不但是水陸運輸，因已完成施工，原計畫於2021年下半年正式核發許可證，但因烏東情勢急遽惡化，加上目前美國與俄國的關係仍處在大國競爭階段，美國政府不希望德國、其他歐洲國家過於仰賴俄羅斯的能源，於是乎原是一個較為單純的能源運輸線，目前正夾雜複雜的區域情勢、大國競爭的材料，更增添北溪二號未來的不確定性因素。[[abstract]]Since the end of the Cold War, the confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union has officially ended. The situation in Europe is not as tense as before. It is reasonable to say that the United States can lose its grip on Europe. However, with Russia's geographical advantage in this region, especially Russia is rich in natural gas and oil. Natural resources are just right It is needed by European countries. Traditionally, the relationship between the United States and European countries is based on military alliances, and many common geographical interests are derived from this basis. European countries, especially Western Europe and Northern Europe are generally pro-American, not only in military cooperation, NATO members are more often aligned with the United States on Russia's attitude. However, because Russia is rich in natural gas and oil, and with the increasing global warming, the European region pays more attention to the use and import of clean energy. Russia happens to be one of the neighboring countries, and it is also a major producer of natural gas, so it purchases from Russia. Natural gas has been a policy of European countries for many years. The transportation of natural gas must be carried out through pipelines. In the past, Russia was transported by land pipelines. However, the newly built North stream II pipeline is not only for water and land transportation. Due to the completion of construction, the original plan was to officially issue the license in the second half of 2021. However, due to the rapid deterioration of the situation in Eastern Ukraine and the fact that the relationship between the United States and Russia is still in the stage of great power competition, the U.S. government does not want Germany and other European countries to rely too much on Russian energy, so it was originally a relatively simple energy transportation. At present, it is mixed with complex regional situations and materials of major power competition, which adds to the uncertainty of the future of North stream 2
[[alternative]]Exploring the operational traces of power relations in Taiwan's comic culture
No full text[[abstract]]本研究認為，漫畫作為一種流行文化形式，是多樣意義鬥爭的場域，也是現代社會中權力開展與抗爭、社會再生產與變遷的重要場所。而漫畫文化的多樣意義，表徵在漫畫的具體產品—漫畫文本，以及漫畫相關的生活經驗—漫畫經驗中，因此，本研究試圖由漫畫文本和漫畫經驗，探究台灣漫畫文化所蘊含的多重意義，及其背後權力鬥爭的樣態與足跡。本研究以詮釋解析法解讀台灣漫畫文化，認為台灣漫畫是屬於青少年（女）的通俗文化，因此，其牽涉了年齡和知識階層權力的疊架加強，但同時，漫畫又區隔出少年漫畫和少女漫畫，故而，其又與性別權力交錯衝突，不過，漫畫也表徵了日本和本土漫畫的差異，於是，又再涉及了年齡和知識階層權力、性別權力、國族權力的疊架鬥爭。之後，漫畫為擴張讀者年齡層而發展青年漫畫、淑女漫畫、兒童漫畫、四格漫畫，使其又再牽涉了知識階層權力、性別權力、國族權力和年齡權力的交錯衝突。然而，少年漫畫、少女漫畫和同人誌漫畫也在知識階層、年齡和性別權力的邊陲，建構出青少年和青少女次文化認同的權力抗拒位置。此外，漫畫又在戀愛故事的極至發揮下區隔出少年漫畫和少女漫畫的次類別－美少女漫畫和BL漫畫，牽扯了性／別權力，及其與年齡權力的衝突鬥爭。[[abstract]]This study argues that as a form of popular culture, comics are a field of diverse meaning struggles, as well as an important field for power development and resistance, social reproduction and change in modern society.The diverse meanings of comic culture are represented in the specific product of comics(comic text), and comics-related life experience(comic experience).Therefore, the study attempts to explore the multiple meanings contained in Taiwan's comic culture, as well as the
oprational patterns and traces of power relations in it, based on comic texts and comic experience