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[[alternative]]The Study of the Children's Play Behavior on Inclusive Playground
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究目的主要探討幼兒在共融式遊戲場的遊戲行為現況。本研究採觀察法的時間取樣，抽樣方式採立意取樣，選取嘉義市文化公園諸羅樹蛙共融式遊戲場中遊玩之3至6歲幼兒共91位為研究對象，其中男生52位，女生39位。本研究結果為幼兒每週到遊戲場遊玩的次數為一至兩次居多，佔45％，每次遊玩的平均時間大約三十至六十分鐘內居多，佔47.2％；3至6歲男女童在蛙䗱滑梯較常出現的遊戲行為是平行-功能；3至5歲男女童在沙桌與沙坑較常出現的遊戲行為是平行-功能；3至4歲男童在彈跳床較常出現的遊戲行為是平行-功能；獨生子女至3位手足的幼兒在蛙䗱滑梯、沙桌與沙坑及彈跳床較常出現的遊戲行為皆是平行-功能。本研究包括13項結論與9項研究建議。[[abstract]] The purpose of this study is to explore the children's play behavior on inclusive playground. This study adopts observational time sampling, and the sampling method adopts purposive sampling. A total of 91 children aged 3 to 6 years old who play in the Zhuluo Treefrog Communal Playground in Chiayi City Cultural Park are selected as the research subjects. There are 52 boys and 39 girls. The results of this study are that most children go to the playground once or twice a week, accounting for 45%, and most of them play within thirty to sixty minutes each time, accounting for 47.2%. The most common play behavior of boys and girls aged 3 to 6 on the frog slide is parallel-functional; the play behavior of boys and girls aged 3 to 5 on the sand table and sandpit is parallel-functional; for boys aged 3 to 4 , the most common play behavior on the trampoline is parallel-functional; the most common play behaviors for children from only children to three siblings on frog slides, sand tables and sandpits, and trampolines are all parallel-functional. This research include 13 conclusions and 9 research recommendations
[[alternative]]Research on Music Preferences of Junior High School Students in Taichung City
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究以問卷方式調查台中市市立國民中學學生音樂偏好、聆聽音樂習慣與聆聽音樂態度之概況，研究變項包含學生之性別、居住行政區、年級、課外或社團學習音樂相關課程時間、平均每天練習樂器時間、平均每天欣賞音樂時間。以台中市市立國民中學學生為研究對象，與研究者自編之「台中市市立國中學生音樂偏好問卷」作為研究工具。問卷發放方式有紙本問卷與透過Line群組發放Google表單問卷兩種方式，紙本問卷共發出130份，回收130份；Google表單問卷回收83份，整合有效問卷共231份，有效樣本回收率99.14%。研究結果如下：壹、音樂偏好方面一、國中學生在平常聆聽的音樂類型方面以外國語言流行曲為最高回應百分比。二、不同個人背景變項之國中學生對平常聆聽的音樂類型之差異情形影響不大，僅在年級方面的一年級與課外音樂學習經驗的一年以下學生之偏好類型變更為本國語言流行曲，其餘個人背景變相皆以外國語言流行曲為最高回應百分比。貳、聆聽音樂習慣與態度方面一、國中學生平均每日欣賞音樂時間以30分鐘以內為最高回應百分比。二、國中學生平常聆聽音樂的平台以YouTube Music為最高回應百分比。三、國中學生平常聆聽音樂的工具以手機為最高回應百分比。四、國中學生平常聆聽音樂的場合以休閒時為最高回應百分比。五、國中學生欣賞音樂的影響動機以音樂主旋律為最高回應百分比。六、國中學生對接受同學們推薦的音樂來聆聽具開放接納態度。 七、國中學生對與家人有共同喜好表示同意比例明顯高於不同意。八、國中學生對在家中可以自由播放自己喜歡的音樂表示同意比例明顯高於不同意。九、國中學生對不排斥聆聽各種類型的音樂表示同意比例明顯高於不同意。十、國中學生對會依據心情來選擇適合聆聽的音樂表示同意比例明顯高於不同意。十一、國中學生對環境場合會影響我選擇的音樂表示同意比例明顯高於不同意。十二、國中學生對邊聽音樂讀書不會影響我的學習效率表示同意比例明顯高於不同意。十三、不同個人背景變項對國中學生聆聽音樂習慣與態度方面並無造成影響，與上述研究結果相同。[[abstract]] This study investigates the music preferences, listening habits, and attitudes towards music among junior high school students in Taichung City through a questionnaire. Variables examined include students' gender, residential administrative district, grade level, extracurricular music learning hours, average daily instrument practice time, and average daily music listening time. The study utilized a researcher-developed "Taichung City Junior High School Student Music Preference Questionnaire." Surveys were distributed via both paper and Google Forms through Line groups. A total of 130 paper surveys were distributed and collected, along with 83 responses via Google Forms, resulting in 231 integrated valid questionnaires and an effective response rate of 99.14%. The research findings are as follows:I. Music Preferences:1.Junior high school students most commonly listen to foreign-language pop music.2.Variations in music preference among students with different background variables are minimal, except for first-year students and those with less than one year of extracurricular music learning experience, who prefer domestic-language pop music.II. Listening Habits and Attitudes towards Music:1.The majority of junior high school students listen to music for 30 minutes or less per day.2.YouTube Music is the most commonly used platform for listening to music.3.Smartphones are the predominant device used for listening to music.4.Leisure time is the most common occasion for listening to music.5.Melody is the primary motivation for music enjoyment among students.6.Students exhibit an open and accepting attitude towards listening to music recommended by classmates.7.Students are more likely to agree than disagree that they share common music preferences with their family members.8.Students are more likely to agree than disagree that they can freely play their preferred music at home.9.Students are more likely to agree than disagree that they do not reject listening to various music genres.10.Students are more likely to agree than disagree that they choose music based on their mood.11.Students are more likely to agree than disagree that the environment influences their choice of music.12.Students are more likely to agree than disagree that listening to music while studying does not affect their learning efficiency.13.Background variables have minimal impact on junior high school students' music listening habits and attitudes, consistent with the above research findings
[[alternative]]How Non-Profit Organizations Form Public-Private Partnerships: A Case Study of the Leolin Food Bank in Changhua County
No full text[[abstract]] 食物銀行在全球已行之有年，在台灣隸屬新興的社會救助方式。隨著國際 環境迅速變化萬千，2020 起 COVID-19 造成全球經濟衰退，食物銀行被需求增 加而快速成長。在台灣食物銀行不僅是非營利組織積極成立，公部門也開始重 視推動此一機制。本研究個案樂林食物銀行位於彰化縣最西南角，在地理環 境、社會資源不足的情況下，建構公私協力跨部門合作。從地方政府(二林鎮 公所)到中央部會(工研院、勞動部)。以不同協力樣貌架構食物銀行與公部 門的協力關係。 本研究採質性研究取向，採半結構式的深度訪談法及參與觀察法，探討樂 林食物銀行如何形構出此種協力合作關係、關係影響因素、協力關係內涵，以 及過程中所遇到的問題、困難及挑戰。本研究發現，樂林食物銀行在跨部門協 力合作過程，公私協力合作的關鍵因素，在於公私協力雙方須具備「整合社會 資本能力、互信與良好溝通關係」、「互惠互利」、「共同目標與價值觀」、「主事 者參與投入」。面臨跨部門協力合作所遇到的困難與挑戰時，研究觀察發 現，樂林食物銀行從地方政府到中央部會，並非呈現線性式的協力合作模 式，而是依協力單位、協力模式、協力資源，在不同協力階段而產生的協力模 式。樂林食物銀行跨部門合作過程及成效，其合作模式不僅帶給公私協力雙方 達到協力目標，對非營利組織尋求社會資源也具相對的影響力。食物銀行為近 期新興社會福利機制，本研究建議，在公私協力跨部門合作時，公部門政策保 持彈性，才能有效發揮專案計畫功能，透過社會資源整合才能延續公私協力合 作模式，並達到永續發展的目標。[[abstract]] Food banks have been present around the world for many years and are an emerging form of social assistance in Taiwan. As the international environment rapidly changes and the COVID-19 pandemic causes a global economic recession in 2020, the demand for food banks has increased significantly. In Taiwan, food banks are not only actively established by nonprofit organizations, but the public sector has also begun to pay attention to promoting this mechanism. The case study, Lelin Food Bank, is located in the southwest corner of Changhua County. Faced with an insufficient geographical environment and social resources to establish public-private partnerships, the food bank has collaborated with various entities ranging from the local government (Erlin Town Office) to central ministries (such as ITRI and the Ministry of Labor) in different forms of collaboration. This study adopts a qualitative research approach, using semi-structured in- depth interviews and participant observation methods to explore how Lelin Food Bank forms its collaborative relationships, the factors influencing these relationships, their implications, and the problems, difficulties, and challenges encountered in the process. The study found that in the cross-departmental collaboration process of Lelin Food Bank that the key factors for public-private collaboration include "the ability to integrate social capital, mutual trust, and effective communication," "mutual benefit," "common goals and values," and "participation of key personnel." When faced with difficulties and challenges in cross-departmental collaboration, research observations revealed that Lelin Food Bank does not follow a linear collaboration model from local government to central ministries but relies on collaborative units, models, and resources, generating cooperation modes at different stages. The study examines the cross-departmental cooperation process and results of Lelin Food Bank, whose cooperation model helps public and private entities achieve collaborative goals and influences non-profit organizations in seeking social resources. Food banks are an emerging social welfare mechanism. This study suggests that cross-departmental public–private partnership, and public-sector policies should remain flexible to affect the utilized project planning functions. Integration of social resources is crucial for sustaining the public-private collaboration model and achieving permanent results towards sustainable development goals
[[alternative]]Artistic Journey of the Mind: Exploring the Life Stories of the Elderly Through Pastel Creations
No full text[[abstract]] 在社會和文化背景下的生命經驗和需求，特別是在現代社會中，長者的社會地位和角色發生了巨大變化，需要重新探索他們的生命價值和意義。本研究透過探討藝術在長者生命回顧中的意義重建作用，藉由創作和表達，幫助他們重新建構自己的生命故事，發掘生命的意義和價值。並以粉彩和牌卡為媒材進行課程設計。研究者選擇粉彩和牌卡作為媒材，是因為這些材料具有豐富的表現力，能夠幫助長者表達他們的感受和情感。在課程中，研究者使用粉彩和牌卡，表達他們對不同階段人生的回憶和感受，並在互動中進行意義的建構。 本研究的目的在於，探討長者進行生命回顧粉彩創作的動機、過程、經驗和影響，以及對長者生命意義重建的影響，進而提供學術界對於長者照顧與關懷的相關研究。這些研究問題將有助於深入了解粉彩創作在長者生命回顧中的應用和意義重建作用，為相關領域的實踐提供理論基礎和實證支持，同時也為長者生命關懷和健康促進提供相應的建議和啟示。並深入了解粉彩創作在長者生命回顧中的應用和意義重建作用，以及如何透過粉彩創作活動幫助長者重新審視自己的人生，找到生命的意義，提高生命品質。[[abstract]] In the context of social and cultural backgrounds, especially in modern society, significant changes have occurred in the social status and roles of the elderly, necessitating a reexamination of their life values and meaning. This study explores the role of art in the process of life review among the elderly, aiming to help them reconstruct their life stories and rediscover the meaning and value of life through creative expression. Pastels and cards are chosen as the medium for the curriculum design due to their rich expressive capabilities, enabling the elderly to articulate their feelings and emotions. Throughout the course, researchers utilize pastels and cards to express memories and sentiments from different stages of life, facilitating the construction of meaning through interaction. The purpose of this study is to investigate the motivations, processes, experiences, and impacts of elderly individuals engaging in life review through pastel artwork, as well as its effects on the reconstruction of life meaning for the elderly. This research aims to contribute to the academic understanding of elderly care and support by exploring the applications and significance of pastel artwork in life review among the elderly. The findings will provide theoretical foundations and empirical support for practical applications in relevant fields, offering insights and recommendations for elderly care and health promotion. By delving into the application and significance of pastel artwork in life review among the elderly, this study seeks to understand how pastel artwork activities can assist the elderly in reexamining their lives, finding meaning, and enhancing their quality of life
[[alternative]]A Study on Tourists’ Image of Leisure Behavior in Inclusive Game Facilities--Taking New Taipei City Metropolitan Park Bear Monkey Forest as an Example
No full text[[abstract]] 現今父母注重孩子身心健康，公園中的遊戲場不僅提供活動空間，也能促進親子情感連結與兒童全面發展，然家長擔心現有的罐頭遊具單調且無法滿足兒童發展所需的感官刺激。自 2017 年起，新北市啟動戶外共融遊戲場改造計畫，儘管多處改造完成，仍面臨多項問題。 本研究以「新北市大都會公園—熊猴森樂園」為例，運用「重要—表現度分析法」(Importance-Performance Analysis，簡稱 IPA)探討遊客對共融式遊戲場期待與感知程度上的差異，以作為改善依據。研究採問卷調查法，以到訪熊猴森樂園的幼童陪同者為發放對象，並採便利抽樣法，共發放 420 份問卷，回收 400 份有效問卷，有效問卷率為 95.24%，後續資料分析採信效度分析、因素分析、敘述性統計、獨立樣本 T 檢定、單因子變異數分析、重要—表現度分析等統計方法，將所得資料加以統計處理，相關研究結論歸納如下：在服務品質方面，遊客對熊猴森樂園的場地設施維護、安全性和遊戲設施多樣性感到滿意，應繼續保持；停車位不足、缺乏遮蔭休憩場地和公共廁所不足是需優先改善的地方。在遊憩吸引力方面，遊客對環境設計、共融式遊具的豐富性和促進幼童發展的表現感到滿意，也應繼續保持；改善親子友善廁所設施是一個優先考慮的改善方向。[[abstract]] Today, parents pay increasing attention to their children's physical and mental health. Playgrounds not only provide space for activities but also promote parent-child bonding and children's holistic development. However, parents are concerned that existing standardized play equipment is monotonous and fails to provide the sensory stimulation necessary for children's development. Since 2017, New Taipei City has initiated an outdoor inclusive playground renovation project. Despite the completion of many renovations, the project still faces several challenges. This study takes "New Taipei City MetropolitanPark-Bear Monkey Forest Park" as an example, and uses "Importance-Performance Analysis" (IPA) to explore tourists' expectations and perceptions of inclusive playgrounds. differences as a basis for improvement. The study adopted a questionnaire survey method, targeting the accompanying children who visited Bear Monkey Forest Park, and adopted a convenience sampling method. A total of 420 questionnaires were distributed, and 400 valid questionnaires were recovered. The valid questionnaire rate was 95.24%. Follow-up data analysis Statistical methods such as validity analysis, factor analysis, narrative statistics, independent sample T test, single-factor variation analysis, and importance-performance analysis were adopted to statistically process the obtained data. The relevant research conclusions are summarized iv as follows: In terms of service quality, Visitors are satisfied with the well-maintained, safe and diverse game facilities of the Bear Monkey Forest Park, as well as the clear usage regulations, and should continue to maintain them; the parking spaces of the Bear Monkey Forest Park are insufficient and lack adequate cover. The number of shaded rest areas and public toilets cannot meet the needs of tourists and are the areas that need improvement the most. In terms of recreational attractions, tourists are satisfied with the overall environmental design of Bear Monkey Forest Park, the richness of inclusive play equipment, and its ability to promote the physical and mental development of young children. This aspect should continue to be maintained; adjust parent-child friendliness Toilet facilities are a priority for improvement at Monkey Bear Park
[[alternative]]The Bankruptcy of U.S. Bank on Taiwan Stock Market--The Case of Covid-19 Period
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究探討新冠肺炎疫情期間，美國銀行倒閉對台股的影響，採用事件研究法，以倒閉當天為事件日，分析前後台股表現，了解其對台灣次級市場上市、上櫃公司是否產生異常報酬率之研究, 並選取台灣全體上市公司及股市成交量最大的八個產業作為研究對象，以2023年3月8日、3月12日及7月28日三個事件日，為美國銀行倒閉宣告日，研究期間為3月1日至7月31日。從研究中發現每次宣告，均對台股整體資產報酬率產生負面影響，其中電子類股受影響最大，而且因為政府補貼政策，實施期間造成股價大漲，補貼結束導致全球流動性收緊，資金撤出風險資產。量化寬鬆政策結束對台股負面影響大，其中電子類股最受影響。投資者應密切關注美國銀行業動向。[[abstract]] This study explores the impact of the collapse of U.S. banks on Taiwan stocks during the COVID-19 pandemic. It adopts the event study method and uses the day of collapse as the event day to analyze the performance of backstage stocks before and after the event to understand whether it has produced abnormal returns for companies listed on Taiwan's secondary market and listed on the OTC market. According to the research, all listed companies in Taiwan and the eight industries with the largest stock market trading volume were selected as the research objects, and the three event days of March 8, March 12, and July 28, 2023 were used to declare the collapse of the Bank of America. date, and the research period is from March 1st to July 31st. From the research, it was found that each announcement had a negative impact on the overall return on assets of Taiwan stocks, with electronic stocks being the most affected. Moreover, due to the government subsidy policy, stock prices rose sharply during the implementation period, and the end of subsidies led to a tightening of global liquidity. Funds were withdrawn from risky assets. The end of the quantitative easing policy had a great negative impact on Taiwan stocks, with electronic stocks being the most affected. Investors should pay close attention to the trends in the U.S. banking industry, evaluate risks, and choose investments carefully with special attention to the equity market of small and medium-sized enterprises, which is vulnerable to the negative impact of bank failures. The research results can be used as a reference for the competent authorities to promote the sound development of Taiwan's industries, and provide investors with valuable information to guide investment strategies
[[alternative]]The Study of the Relationship between Instructional Leadership of Elementary School Principals and Teachers' Professional Growth--A Case Study of Public Elementary Schools in Nantou County
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究主要目的是在了解國民小學校長教學領導與教師專業成長之現況，並探討不同背景變相的國民小學教師，對校長教學領導與教師專業發展在知覺上之差異。 本研究採問卷調查法進行研究，調查問卷乃研究者自編之「國民小學校長教學領導與教師專業成長調查問卷」，抽取南投縣地區之國民小學共50所500位教師，回收有效樣本為425份問卷。透過描述性統計、獨立樣本t考驗及單因子變異數分析等統計方法加以探討。 根據本研究資料分析結果，歸納出以下結論：一、國民小學教師知覺校長實施教學領導為中上程度。二、國民小學教師知覺本身教師專業成長為中上程度。三、教師在校長教學領導及教師專業成長各層面及整體上的知覺，不因背景變項不同而有差異。四、校長教學領導與教師專業表現具有正相關。 綜上所述，本研究建議校長與教師之間應建立開放、合作的溝通氛圍。促進雙向溝通有助於教師能夠更好地理解校長的教學領導期望，同時校長也能理解教師的需求和挑戰。建立支援體系，使校長能夠分享經驗、討論挑戰，並從同儕學習中受益。透過這種合作，提高校長的教學領導效果。[[abstract]] The main purpose of this study is to research the current status of teaching leadership by elementary school principals and the professional growth of teachers, and to explore the differences in perceptions of teaching leadership and professional development among elementary school teachers with different backgrounds. This study adopts a questionnaire survey method. The survey questionnaire, titled "Survey on Teaching Leadership of Elementary School Principals and Teacher Professional Growth," was developed by the researcher. A total of 500 teachers from 50 elementary schools in Nantou County were sampled, with 425 valid questionnaires returned. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, and one-way ANOVA. Based on the data analysis, the following conclusions were drawn:1.Elementary school teachers perceive the implementation of teaching leadership by principals to be at an above-average level.2.Elementary school teachers perceive their own professional growth to be at an above-average level.3.There are no differences in teachers' perceptions of principals' teaching leadership and their own professional growth across different background variables.4.There is a positive correlation between principals' teaching leadership and teachers' professional performance. In summary, this study suggests that an open and cooperative communication atmosphere should be established between principals and teachers. Promoting two-way communication helps teachers better understand the expectations of principals' teaching leadership, while principals can understand the needs and challenges of teachers. Establishing a support system allows principals to share experiences, discuss challenges, and benefit from peer learning. Through this collaboration, the effectiveness of principals' teaching leadership can be enhanced
[[alternative]]Campus Bullying Culture Represented in the Chinese Film “Better Days”
No full text[[abstract]] 中國電影《少年的你》（英語：Better Days），是一部以霸凌為主題的校園青春電影，由《七月與安生》（英語：Soul Mate）導演曾國祥及其原班人馬製作團隊共同完成。此電影拍攝手法寫實，目的在於喚醒社會大眾對於校園暴力事件的重視。電影《少年的你》賣座的原因，不單是製作陣容的強大、演員的表現出色，更來自於導演拍攝電影的手法深刻牽引觀影者的潛意識，使其產生省思與共鳴。 本論文輔以鏡頭語言、符號學分析分別從家庭端、校園端、社會端三方向著手分析，解讀導演在電影《少年的你》中所呈現的「受害者的無助」現象。 研究發現於家庭端中，霸凌者家庭無法有效協助解決問題、矯正霸凌者的偏差行為與觀念，導致霸凌者無所畏懼；受害者家庭給予的陪伴較少、且單親母親自身難保下，雖關心女兒，但仍使受害者必須獨自面對生活困境。校園端中，校方對於霸凌發生的敏感度不高，且在高考制度下對於學生考試成績的重視更勝於生活與輔導的協助，令霸凌者在老師眼皮底下為所欲為，也令受害者在校園裡缺乏安全感；同儕間旁觀者冷漠行為，或是從眾起鬨，亦給受害者身心間接傷害。社會端中，司法雙面刃，無法有效懲罰惡行為、無法完善的保護受害者，令受害者對於公權力失去信心；生活環境中太多的治安死角，使落單的受害者容易被霸凌者尋機欺凌而時刻擔驚受怕。 校園霸凌帶給受害者身心靈的傷痛與無助感，不僅僅來自霸凌行為本身，受害者周圍的環境與氛圍更是重要的關鍵因素。觀眾得以透過電影畫面與細節，明白若能在家庭、校園、社會三方共同著手、互助合作，將可以遏止、改善霸凌行為，並提前預防。[[abstract]] The Chinese film "Better Days" is a campus youth film with the theme of bullying, co-produced by the director of "Soul Mate " Zeng Guoxiang and his original production team.This film is shot in a realistic way and aims to awaken the public's attention to campus violence. The reason why the movie "Better Days" is a hit is not only the strong production team and the outstanding performance of the actors, but also the director's filming techniques that deeply attracts the subconscious of the audience, causing them to think and resonate. This thesis uses lens language and semiotics to analyze the "victim's helplessness" phenomenon presented by the director in the movie "Better Days" from three point of view: family, campus and society. Research has found that at the family end, the bully's family is unable to effectively help solve the problem and correct the bully's deviant behaviors and concepts, resulting in the bully being fearless; the victim's family provides less companionship, and the single mother who is weak and powerless made the victim have to face the difficulties of life alone even if the mother loves the daughter. On campus, the school is not very sensitive to the occurrence of bullying, and under the college entrance examination system, students' test scores are valued more than the assistance of life and counseling. This allows bullies to do whatever they want under the eyes of teachers, and also leads to victims’ lacking of security; the indifferent behavior of bystanders among peers, or the egging on from the crowd, also causes indirect physical and mental harm to the victims. In society, the judiciary is a double-edged sword. It cannot effectively punish evil acts and cannot protect victims perfectly, causing victims to lose confidence in public power. There are too many safety blind spots in the environment around us, making victims who are alone vulnerable to bullying and be always in fear. The pain and helplessness that campus bullying brings to victims not only comes from the bullying itself, but also from the environment and atmosphere around the victim. Through the scenes and details in the movie, the audience can understand that if families, campus, and society can work together and cooperate with each other, bullying behaviors can be curbed, improved, and prevented in advance
[[alternative]]Studying the Knowledge Norms of Removing Obstacles about Single-Mode Fiber Optic Network
No full text[[abstract]] 在現今人才流失以及少子化的狀況下新進員工的培養相當重要，將工作相關的專業技術和知識經驗傳承給新進員工對企業經營是不可或缺的，要如何讓新進員工快速上手並增加工作專業度便是本研究探討的課題。 本研究利用專家群進行修正式德爾菲法(Modified Delphi Method)問卷調查找出單模光纖網路障礙種類以及發生障礙原因，並運用心智圖(Mind Map)圖文並重的技巧方式表現出每個單模光纖網路障礙種類發生問題之原因。 透過本研究發現修正式德爾菲法與心智圖相互運用能明確指出故障種類及相關原因，在未來運用在人才培養及訓練上可供參考應用。[[abstract]] Under current circumstances of brain drain and sub-replacement fertility, the new employees orientation is absolutely vital. The inheritance of work-related professional skills, knowledge and experience is indispensable for business operations. Therefore, the main discussion in this study is how to fasten new employees to get the hang of the job and enhance professionalism at work. In this study, a group of experts is applied for the purpose of conducting Modified Delphi Method questionnaires to find out the types and causes of error for single-mode fiber. Further, the technique of Mind Map, which combines diagrams and texts, is adapted to show the causes of error types of each single-mode fiber. Through this study, it was found that the mutual use of the modified Delphi method and mind maps is able to accurately identify the types of errors and related causes, which can be applied as a reference in talent cultivation and training in the future
[[alternative]]Taiwan's Green Building Assessment Model for Renovation of Dangerous Aged Buildings
No full text[[abstract]] 本研究旨在探討臺灣危老改建領域中綠建築的應用，並以層級架構分析法（AHP）作為評估模型，以提供改善危老住宅環境的有效策略。首先，本文介紹了危老改建的背景，指出隨著臺灣人口老化問題日益嚴重，危老住宅的改建迫切需要被關注。隨後，綠建築的定義與重要性被闡明。綠建築不僅關注能源效率和環境保護，還強調對居住者健康和舒適的影響，這對於提高危老住宅的居住品質至關重要。在研究方法方面，本研究以AHP分析作為評估模型，以綜合考慮不同準則和指標對於危老住宅綠建築改建的重要性。本研究根據SHELL模型建構危老建築改建綠建築評估架構，並歸納出「環境可持續性」、「社會影響」、「經濟可行性」等三項構面。整體權重分析結果顯示「(A4)環境品質」、「(B2) 健康與安全」、「(C2) 價值提升」是危老建築改建綠建築最需關心的三項評估準則。研究結果表明，在綠建築的改建中，經濟可行性被認為是最重要的準則，其次是環境可持續性和社會影響。在各準則的具體指標中，環境品質、健康與安全和價值提升等被認為是最關鍵的指標。此外，本研究還發現，提供相關的補助措施和技術支持可以促進危老住宅改建綠建築的實施。基於研究結果本研究提出了幾點建議：首先，政府應該制定相關政策和法規，鼓勵和支持危老住宅的綠建築改建。這包括提供綠建築改建的補助金和優惠稅收政策，以降低改建成本和提高投資回報率。其次，需要加強宣傳和教育，提高危老住宅業主和相關利益方對綠建築的認識和理解，以增加其改建意願和能力。另外，建議建立一個完善的危老住宅綠建築改建指南，包括詳細的設計準則和技術要求，以提供給業主、設計師和承建商作為參考和指導。同時，推動研究和發展綠建築相關技術和材料，以提供更多可行的選擇和解決方案。[[abstract]] This study aims to explore the application of green buildings in the field of renovation of dilapidated elderly buildings in Taiwan, and uses the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) as an evaluation model to provide effective strategies for improving the environment of dilapidated elderly residential buildings. First of all, this article introduces the background of the renovation of dilapidated old buildings and points out that as the aging population problem in Taiwan becomes increasingly serious, the renovation of dilapidated old houses urgently needs attention. Subsequently, the definition and importance of green building were clarified. Green buildings not only focus on energy efficiency and environmental protection, but also emphasize the impact on the health and comfort of residents, which is crucial to improving the living quality of dangerous elderly residences. In terms of research methods, this study uses AHP analysis as the evaluation model to comprehensively consider the importance of different criteria and indicators for the green building renovation of dangerous old residential buildings. This study constructs a green building assessment framework for the renovation of dangerous old buildings based on the SHELL model, and summarizes three aspects: "environmental sustainability", "social impact", and "economic feasibility". The overall weight analysis results show that "(A4) Environmental Quality", "(B2) Health and Safety", and "(C2) Value Enhancement" are the three evaluation criteria that require the most attention when converting dangerous old buildings into green buildings. The results of the study show that in green building retrofits, economic feasibility is considered the most important criterion, followed by environmental sustainability and social impact. Among the specific indicators of each code, environmental quality, health and safety and value enhancement are considered to be the most critical indicators.In addition, this study also found that providing relevant subsidy measures and technical support can promote the implementation of green buildings in the renovation of dangerous old residential buildings. Based on the research results, this study puts forward several suggestions: First, the government should formulate relevant policies and regulations to encourage and support the green building renovation of dangerous old residences. This includes providing grants and preferential tax policies for green building retrofits to reduce retrofit costs and increase return on investment. Secondly, it is necessary to strengthen publicity and education to improve the awareness and understanding of green buildings among owners of dangerous old residential buildings and relevant stakeholders, so as to increase their willingness and ability to renovate. In addition, it is recommended to establish a complete green building renovation guide for dangerous old residential buildings, including detailed design guidelines and technical requirements, to provide owners, designers and contractors with reference and guidance. At the same time, promote research and development of green building-related technologies and materials to provide more feasible options and solutions