Engineering Science Letter
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68 research outputs found
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A Simple Method to Calculate Positions in Pose Tracking to Verify Work Procedures
Full text linkAlthough manufacturing processes are becoming increasingly automated, many factories still rely on manual operations. In such facilities, there is a strong need to automatically detect human errors by checking whether specified procedures are being followed. For this purpose, studies have been conducted on utilizing deep neural network (DNN) based three-dimensional (3D) human pose-tracking methods to examine work procedures. However, most of these techniques require a high-end computer equipped with a graphics processing unit (GPU). On the other hand, in this study, we adopt MediaPipe Pose, a lightweight pose estimation network provided by Google, to perform pose tracking on a low-end personal computer (PC) to enable such systems to be deployed in small factories. However, MediaPipe Pose cannot track the location of a human body because it estimates poses in a coordinate system with the waist as the origin (that is, in a root‑relative coordinate system). Therefore, in this study, we developed a method to obtain the absolute coordinates of the root with a simple calculation. The results of an experimental evaluation show that the computational load of the proposed approach is negligible, and the repeatability of the estimation sufficed to evaluate a given operator's work on a predetermined working path. Therefore, the proposed methods enables work procedures to be checked using MediaPipe Pose on a low-end PC
A Low-cost Pitot Tube-based Experimental Model for Active Teaching-learning of Applied Fluid Mechanics: A Demonstration from NTTU
Full text linkUsing hands-on experiments in the classroom is a highly effective way to deepen students' understanding of theoretical concepts. By researching and developing a practical and cost-effective experiment using a pitot tube, we can transform the teaching of fluid mechanics from a content-based approach to one that promotes competency and practical application. The research includes exploring pitot tube theory, developing and evaluating the experimental design, simulating flow through the designed pitot tube using computational fluid dynamics simulation software, and implementing and evaluating learner satisfaction. The feedback we received from the students showed high satisfaction with the practical equipment used in the classroom and confirmed that this hands-on approach helped them achieve their learning objectives.
A Discussion on Finding the Opportunity of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Implementation in Peru Based on Economics
Full text linkThe means of transport are major points in a country's infrastructure and economic development, so it is important to analyse its methods and obstacles for further interventions. This study aims to discuss the Opportunity of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) implementation in Peru based on the Economy. The study was subdivided into parts. In the first part briefly reviewed the system of transportation in other countries in comparison with Peru. It further discusses the technologies influencing ITS development, the barriers to ITS implementation as well as Strategies for Implementing ITS in Peru. Three research questions guided that study and an expo facto research design was adopted as the study utilizes secondary data. The study does not consider human participation, rather, kinds of literature and reports of financial status and projections were collected, collated, utilized, and analysed for the study. The study revealed that the worldwide ITS issues is more controlled that that witnessed in Peru as the issue fluctuates between 0 and 100%. Peru has a promising economy which ITS will be implemented with ease. It is concluded that a comprehensive analysis taking into account a range of economic, social, and technological factors will be required to fully understand the potential and challenges of ITS implementation in the country
LSB Steganography to Embed Creator's Watermark in Batik Digital Arts
Full text linkThis paper presents an implementation of Least Significant Bit (LSB) steganography to embed a hidden watermark in batik digital images. The goal of the technique is to provide a means of protecting the intellectual property of creators of batik digital arts while still allowing the images to be freely distributed and shared. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of the technique by showing that the embedded watermark is not visible to the human eye and does not significantly alter the quality of the image. The proposed technique uses the LSB method to embed a watermark in the binary data of the batik digital image. This method involves replacing the least significant bit of the image's pixel values with the bits of the watermark, thus altering the binary data of the image without causing noticeable changes in its visual appearance. The embedded watermark can only be detected by a decoding process, making it difficult to be removed or tampered with. The results of the study show that the implemented LSB steganography technique is successful in achieving its objective. The technique is able to effectively embed a hidden watermark in batik digital images without significantly altering the image quality or causing visual artifacts. This work highlights the potential of LSB steganography as a valuable tool for protecting the intellectual property of digital art creators, particularly in the field of batik images. Overall, this study contributes to the growing body of research on steganography and digital media protection. The successful implementation of the LSB steganography technique provides a promising approach for safeguarding the intellectual property of creators in the digital arts industry. Future research may explore other steganography techniques to address potential vulnerabilities and limitations of the LSB method
Women in Engineering Education: Five Strategies to Promote Women in Engineering Education
Full text linkThe article explores diverse approaches to advancing women in engineering education, a crucial topic given the pervasive gender imbalance in this domain. The review emphasizes the implementation of educational modifications in the field of engineering with the objective of increasing its attractiveness to female students. These modifications include the incorporation of practical applications and interdisciplinary topics, as well as the utilization of active learning methodologies. The present article suggests the potential of the Maker Movement to promote gender equality in engineering education by highlighting its experiential and innovative pedagogical approach. This study emphasizes the importance of cultivating educational environments that are inclusive and supportive, as they are crucial in advancing gender diversity in engineering education. These learning environments promote participation and facilitate success, especially for female students, by fostering a sense of belonging, addressing unconscious bias, and establishing a hospitable physical setting. Additionally, the significance of introducing engineering concepts at an early stage of K-12 education is presented, arguing that this exposure has the potential to spark the interest of female students, challenge existing stereotypes, and influence their career goals. Finally, this mini review highlights the impact that mentorship can have on encouraging women to pursue careers in engineering. The provision of personalized guidance, assistance in navigating challenges, and demonstration of successful behaviors and attitudes by mentors and role models can greatly enhance the pursuit and persistence of women in engineering careers. In summary, this review article provides strategies for advancing women in engineering education, highlighting the need for a multifaceted approach in order to attain a more diverse and inclusive engineering labor force
Impact of Organization and Administration of Motor Vehicle Mechanics Work Workshop for Improving Skill Acquisition
Full text linkThe study aims to investigate the organization and administration of the Motor Vehicle Mechanics Work (MVMW) Workshop in Government Science and Technical Colleges in Gombe State, Nigeria, focusing on improving student skill acquisition. The study, which had two research questions and hypotheses, adopted a descriptive survey research design, and the study population comprised 42 administrators (principals, vice principals, senior masters and mistresses, and MVMW Head of Departments) and 21 MVMW teachers, making a total of 63 respondents. Whole population sampling was adopted for the study. A researcher-developed questionnaire collects data, with responses rated on a Likert scale. Descriptive statistics, such as mean and standard deviation, were employed to answer research questions, and a t-test was used to test hypotheses. The findings reveal that the organizational and administrative structures significantly impact skill acquisition in the MVMW Workshop. Administrators and teachers agree on the positive effects of these structures. Recommendations are proposed, emphasizing the need for well-designed organizational layouts, effective administrative systems, and collaborative efforts between administrators and teachers to optimize workshop functionality and enhance student skill development
Power Distribution Transformer Faults Diagnostic Skills: Case study at Electrical Engineering Technology Students of Polytechnics in North-East Nigeria
Full text linkThis study determined the power distribution transformer faults diagnostic skills needed by Electrical Engineering Technology students of polytechnics in North-East Nigeria. Three research questions and hypotheses guided the study, employing a descriptive survey research design. The study population was 144, comprising 135 Electrical Engineering Technology Lecturers, 3 Power Transformer Maintenance Technicians and 6 Electric Power Distribution Company-Based Supervisors. The entire population was used. Hence, there was no sampling. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire titled Power Distribution Transformer Faults Diagnostic Skills Questionnaire (PDTFDSQ) developed by the researchers. Three experts validated the instrument, and a reliability of 0.74 was obtained using the Cronbach Alpha reliability method. The mean statistic was used to answer the research questions, while ANOVA was used to test the null hypotheses of the study at a 0.05 level of significance. The study’s findings revealed that the Electrical Engineering Technology students of polytechnics in North-East Nigeria required fault diagnosis (troubleshooting) skills, ICT skills and safety skills. The study recommended that the Department of Electrical Engineering Technology in all polytechnics should endeavour to expose students to faulting-finding activities so that students of Electrical Engineering will acquire fault diagnosis (troubleshooting) skills for maintaining power distribution transformers
Initial Finding of Material Flow Analysis of Food Waste of Particular Restaurants in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Full text linkFood waste is still a significant problem today. The Special Region of Yogyakarta contributes 96 tons of food waste daily, with the City of Yogyakarta being the most significant contributor. Food industry services in DIY experience a rapid increase every year. Meanwhile, restaurants and restaurants are the most important contributors to food waste. Yogyakarta City DLH has carried out food waste management activities such as waste bank activities. However, many business actors still need to cooperate, which has resulted in food waste ending up in landfills. Efforts are required to manage food waste to overcome this problem. So, it is necessary to conduct research on food waste flow analysis in food service businesses in Yogyakarta. This research aims to determine the type and quantity of food waste produced and provide an overview of the management costs that occur in restaurants. This research uses the material flow analysis (MFA) method by identifying material flow processes so that it can explore the quantity and type of food waste that occurs at the pre-kitchen, kitchen and post-kitchen stages using STAN software and Sankeymatic diagrams and providing an overview of the total costs in food waste management in restaurants. Interviews and direct observation of restaurants in the eastern and southern regions of Yogyakarta City collected data. The analysis carried out is the flow, type and quantity of food waste and the costs incurred in managing food waste in restaurants. The research results in 8 restaurants in Yogyakarta City in the eastern and southern regions showed that total food waste was 617,906 grams/week. The most significant percentage of food waste at the pre-kitchen stage is lime peel (34%), at the kitchen stage is oil (86%) and at the post-kitchen stage is fish bones (30%). The total costs of managing restaurant food waste are IDR 18,615,000.00/month. The results of this research can be used to predict the quantity and type of food waste in the future so that it can be used to plan policies to overcome food waste
Measuring Worker Perception on Remote Working Adoption During COVID-19 Pandemic: An Industrial Engineering Perspective: A Case Study in Indonesia for Identifying the Potential New Normal of Work Implementation
Full text linkThe COVID-19 which started in late 2019 has led to extraordinary measures by government and commerce, to control and reduce the spread of the virus. Many companies have had to rethink the way they work due to travel restrictions and cancellations of major events. While workers related to production activities as well as system-related workers such as bank tellers, cashiers, medical staff, and distribution operators are still working on site, the majority of the workforce in Indonesia has been encouraged to practice "working from home" or remote working during the pandemic. Remote Working means adapting to new circumstances, battling a new set of distractions, as well as experiencing an unprecedented mix of work and personal life. Committing to work from home without understanding performance indicators and drivers can lead to a company's operational failure. Even though the COVID-19 pandemic measures are decreasing, the need to implement a new normal of work that allows for flexible work arrangements and implementation of remote work is increasing. Therefore, the organization needs to understand and control the measures required to keep the company productive in the new work setting. This is important to maintain organizational resilience against any pandemics and technological disruptions, as well as to ensure organizational sustainability. Seven performance indicators of remote work performance and eight influencing factors have been compiled in this study by reviewing previous research on remote work, virtual teamwork, agile teamwork and knowledge management. Further studies are needed to verify the performance indicators and influencing factors, to reveal the correlations between the measures and to identify the most likely drivers of remote work that may transform an organization to its new setting
Leveraging Value Chain Analysis to Drive Growth in the Muslim Fashion Industry: A Small and Medium Enterprise Strategy Case Study
Full text linkThis article presents a comprehensive case study that utilises value chain analysis to analyse and develop strategies for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) operating in the Muslim fashion industry. The research addresses critical challenges facing SMEs in accessing the final market and proposes strategic solutions for all stakeholders involved in the value chain. The study adopts Kaplinsky's value chain analysis approach, complemented by quantitative tools such as SWOT and Diamond Competitiveness Analysis. The findings reveal that SMEs encounter four significant barriers to accessing the final market: economies, product characteristics, heavy promotion and advertising, and trading barriers. These barriers pose significant challenges due to internal limitations within the organisations. With these obstacles, a multifaceted strategy is proposed. The proposed plan includes the following key initiatives: (1) Segmentation of the target consumer base to optimise services, thus maximising penetration; (2) Strengthening collaborative partnerships between different actors within the value chain to enhance overall competitiveness; (3) Implementation of targeted promotion and communication programs to improve customer satisfaction and brand visibility; (4) Establishment of a comprehensive data recording system to streamline business processes and improve tactical decision-making; and (5) Investment in technological advancements within the production process to enhance product quality. By implementing these strategies, SMEs can effectively address the identified barriers and unlock their growth potential within the Muslim fashion industry. This case study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing practical insights and recommendations for SMEs operating in the Muslim fashion sector. The findings can guide policymakers, industry practitioners, and researchers in formulating effective strategies to foster growth and sustainability in this dynamic industry