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積極的に表現する授業づくり : 音楽の授業を通して
Get PDF論文(Article)音楽科の授業における｢表現｣に着目し,自分の内にある思いを,人の目を気にせず,より楽しく存分に表現できるようにするための教師の手立てを研究する｡文献研究と授業実践から,音楽科では①｢表現｣と｢鑑賞｣が常に一体化していること,②他者とのかかわり合い,③基礎・基本の定着の3点が大切であることが明らかになった｡また,積極的な表現を支えるのは,安心して心を開くことのできる集団づくりであると考えた｡ キーワード：小学校音楽, ｢表現｣と｢鑑賞｣, かかわり合い, 基礎・基
子どもの思考を高める授業づくり : 「一つの花」の学習指導案の修正を通して
Get PDF論文(Article)本研究では,筆者の学習指導案を素材にして,子どもの思考を高める授業づくりについて検討した｡学習指導案とは何のために,どんなことを書くのかを実践をふり返って考察した｡その結果,授業は,教師の発問などの授業を構成する要素が構造的に組み合わされており,学習指導案の｢発問・指示｣と｢子どもの反応｣の2つに集約されるということを明らかにすることができた｡ キーワード：学習指導案, 教材研究, 発問・指示, 子どもの思
ユニバーサルデザインを活用した問題解決型指導の実践 : 「わかる」算数科の授業づくりを目指して
Get PDF論文(Article)本研究では，問題解決型指導における主たる課題点を学習成立の個人差の発生と捉え，ユニバーサルデザインの視点を取り入れることで課題解決を図った。具体的には，ユニバーサルデザインの①可視化情報の活用，②疑問と考えの共有化の2つの視点に着目し，その有効性を第5学年算数科の授業実践において検証した。その結果，可視化教材の活用や個の考えの全体共有が，低位・上位ともに学習の成立において有効であることが明らかになった。 キーワード：問題解決型指導, 算数科の授業, ユニバーサルデザイン, 可視化, 共有
異文化圏実習報告 : 2011年度オーストラリア
Get PDF論文(Article)2010年度に引き続き， オーストラリア(キャンベラ，ワガワガ，シドニー) において参加体験型の教育実習を行った。実習生たちは，カリキュラムを含めた教育内容が学校や教師に委ねられている点などのオーストラリアの教育の制度的な特徴に着目し，その有効性を指摘している。また，子どもたちの主体的な学習の状況に着目し，日本とオーストラリアの違いを生む要因として，授業の進め方や学習形態などの基本的な違いを挙げている。 キーワード：異文化理解，教育実習，参加体験型実
理科における児童の概念変換を目指した授業の考え方 : 第6学年「てこのはたらき」を題材として
Get PDF論文(Article)本研究の目的は，理科における児童の素朴概念と概念変換について，理論と実践の両面から明らかにし，概念変換をうながす授業のための課題を明らかにすることである。そこで，素朴概念に関わる諸理論を分析し，小学校第6学年「てこのはたらき」を題材に実践を行い，分析した。その結果，概念変換には認知的葛藤場面に加え，自由思考及び，概念の適用範囲を児童に自覚させることが必要なことが明らかになった。また，実践から，児童の概念を変換させるための指導の課題を明らかにした。 キーワード：小学校理科, 児童の素朴概念, 概念変換, てこのはたらき, 授業改
天然林における林相改良のための施業に関する基礎的研究－北海道大学中川地方演習林に設定した施業標準林の分析を中心として－
Get PDF学位論文(Thesis)学位取得大学: 北海道大学; 報告番号: 甲第2246号; 学位授与年月日: 1986-03-25; 学位の種別: 課程博士; 学位の種類: 農学博
山形県庄内地方の水田土壌中における追肥窒素の挙動
Get PDF学位論文(Thesis)学位取得大学: 名古屋大学; 報告番号: 乙第5971号; 学位授与年月日: 2001-11-30; 学位の種別: 課程博士; 学位の種類: 農学博
野菜類軟腐病菌の増殖に及ぼすハクサイ組織からの抽出物の影響
Get PDF論文(Article)キーワード：野菜類軟腐病菌, 増殖, ハクサイ抽出物 Nutrient substances leaked from the roots of Chinese cabbages (Brassica campestris, Pekinensis group) have been commonly assumed to play an essential role in the preferential growth of soft rot bacterial pathogen, Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora in rhizosphere of the plant from its late wrapping stage and continuous maintenance of high population level as 10^5-10^7 cfu/g of soil in the site to harvest time. To make clear the mechanism of the growth and its maintenance, the present study was carried out to examine the effect of water-exudated and water-extracted solution of the roots and petioles of the plant on the growth of the organism. The high population level of about 10^5-10^7 cfu/g of soil in the rhizosphere declined rapidly by cutting the upper grand part of the plants. Thus, it was thought that the growth of the organism was closely concerned with some nutrient substances leaked from the root, which depended on photosynthesis of the plant. The organism hardly grew in water-exudated soil solution. Addition of water-exudated or water-extracted solution of roots or petioles of the plant to the water-exudated soil solution enhanced the growth of the organism and attained to a level of 10^7 cfu/ml at 25℃ for 24 hrs. However, the efficacy of the adding the water exudated or water extracted solutions to the soil solution extracted by autoclaveing (120℃, 2 hrs.) was unclear. The results may indicate that some substances which can rise the preferential growth of the organism are contained in the tissues of roots and petioles of Chinese cabbage. Moreover, the growth of the organism was enhanced by addition of some nutritive substances contained in tissues of Chinese cabbages and in soil solution extracted by heating treatment as autoclaving. Sixteen kinds of amino acids and two sugars detected in the materials from tissues of the plant though they were variable according to growing stage of the plant and degree of cutting the upper ground part of the plant, seven kinds of polyphenol-like substances were also detected. There was a tendency that they were more abundant in the extracted solution than the exudateion quantatively and quanlitatively. Some of amino acids such as asparatic acid and the two sugars, glucose and fructose were confirmed to induce the preferential growth to the organism by adding in synthetic medium and soil. A role of polyphenol-like substances in the growth of the organism was not examined. It may be concluded that the roots and the petiole of the plant contain amino acids and sugars inducing the preferential growth of the organism. Further study should be need to determine whether or not the substances leaked from the roots and petioles in a field and actually attribute to the preferential growth of the organism and maintenance of high population level in rhizophere of the plant. Key words : E. carotovora subsp. carotovora, preferential growth, nutrient substance
森林経営の内製化に関する研究 : 栃木県田沼町K家の事例
Get PDF論文(Article)キーワード：森林経営，経営の内製化，経営規模，家族経営，森林組合 The author analyzed the forest management scale expansionist policy (modernization policy) by government from the view point of in-house production of managemaent of individual forest owners, and concluded as follows; 1. According to statistics analysis and a survey to the forest owner K family (house hold managemaent), in-house production of management of large-scale forest owners has been progressing, while corporation capital management has not progressed. 2. Lagre-scale forest owners cooperations that did the broader-based merger have also depended on the labor force of family management of individual forest ownres now. 3. Although the K family is a large-scale forest owners, agricultural and forest managenent is maintained by the family labor force. And, such a tendency has become stronger in recent years. 4. Seeing from the above points, the goverment foret modernization policy after 1996 is deficient in substance and has limit.5. Government and local self-governing body should consider the labor force policy based on in-house production of management as important, and should take a promotion policy to forest individual owners and forest owners association. Key words:Forest management, In-house production of management, Mangement scale, House hold management, Forest owners cooperatio
樹形構築解析システム(CACOAS)に用いる数種落葉果樹のパラメータ類の収集とその精度の検討
Get PDF論文(Article)Several parameters for Canopy Analyzing and Constructing System of Fruit Trees (CACOAS) were collected from apple 'Fuji', cherry 'Satou Nishiki', persimmon 'Hiratanenashi' and pear 'La France', and its precision was exarnined. From data measured by a sterophotogrammetry, We obtained significant formulas of multiple regression (MR) to estimate seven shoot characters in every cultivars. Most of the contribution ratios increased by adding interaction terms (products of 2 characters) to the previous group of explanatory variables. As a technique to bring distribution of shoot characters to be close to actual one, the previous CACOAS has used a method (MR+MCSa), which combined MR. with a Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) using a normal distribution curve with residual standard error from MR as the standard deviation (SD). In the present study, we newly examined another method (MR+MCSb). At each time to Calculate a character, MR+MCSb used a different normal distribution curve with an individual SD of the residual, where the SD fluctuated with a level of estimated value of a character from MR. The MR+MCSb improved distributions of many shoot characters. In addition, we examined two kinds of MCSs using rneasured data distributions (MCSc and MCSd) and found that these methods were effective for shoot characters distributions having of accidental errors in which coefficient of variation in the MR were low. Another parameters for CACOAS to estimate yearly thickening of branches were collected in the 4 cultivas. The contribution ratios in the most MRs incregsed by adding interaction terms (Product of 2 characters) to the previous group of variables. We added to CACOAS a new function which could estimate fruit position in a crown, and collected parameters necessary for these. Significarlt formulas to estimate number of reproductive organs were obtained from MR using branch characters in the 4 cultivars. Distributions of fruit bearing calculated from MR were compared with the actual ones. As these parameters were made to have an identical style regardless of fruit tree species, we could make a general program for CACOAS of all-purpose type, in which users could chdnge a parameter file only. キーワード：枝の特性値，果樹着生部位，モンテカルロシミュレーション，立体写真測量，枝の年肥大量 Key words : branch character, fruit bearing position, Monte Carlo simulation, stereophotogrammetry, yearly thickening of branc