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Passages en commun : explorer la construction mobile et translocale des espaces publics
No full textInternational audienc
The British Council and its Rivals: Great Powers' Cultural Competition in Post-Independence Burma, 1948-1955
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About a possibility for a tabletop fusion device
No full textEnergy is more and more a concern because the needs increase and the resources are going to rarefy. We propose a new idea for a fusion device which could be a solution to afford for energy supply. The proposed device has not been tested but, if working, it could be a cheap, safe and distributed energy source. Over the last few years, many ways to reach the conditions of nuclear fusion were explored, and amongst them, the x-pinch experiments and the Single Bubble Sono Luminescence. We propose here a new device which uses both of these concepts, each of them enhancing the other
Adaptive clustering by minimization of the mixing entropy criterion
No full textWe present a clustering method and provide a theoretical analysis and an explanation to a phenomenon encountered in the applied statistical literature since the 1990's. This phenomenon is the natural adaptability of the order when using a clustering method derived from the famous EM algorithm. We define a new statistic, the relative entropic order, that represents the number of clumps in the target distribution. We prove in particular that the empirical version of this relative entropic order is consistent. Our approach is easy to implement and has a high potential of applications. Perspectives of this works are algorithmic and theoretical, with possible natural extensions to various cases such as dependent or multidimensional data
Autour de La Petite poule noire de Pogorelski (1829). Comment adapter aujourd’hui un récit pour la jeunesse historiquement et géographiquement éloigné ?
No full textInternational audienceA partir de l'édition en allemand de Die kleine schwarze Henne d'Antony Pogorelski, illustré par Gennadij Spirin et racontée par Sybil Gräfin Schönfeldt, adaptation en allemand, au début du 21e siècle, d'un texte russe du début du 19e siècle, la communication pose la question suivante : cet éloignement historique et géographique est-il le signe d’un inévitable éloignement culturel ? Pour traiter ce double éloignement, l’adaptation se fonde-t-elle sur la reconnaissance préalable d’une identité culturelle partagée ?L'analyse révèle que les illustrations prennent en charge des éléments culturels et interculturels que le texte adapté passe sous silence. Elles prennent également en charge des éléments de signification, qui orientent le texte vers une double lecture, propre au genre fantastique romantique, tandis que le texte opte davantage pour une inscription dans le genre du merveilleux moral, en ignorant l'héritage allemand, notamment celui de Hoffmann, qui inscrit le texte de Pogorelski dans un espace culturel européen partagé
Cognitive flexibility: The cornestone of learning
No full textInternational audienceCognitive flexibility is the cornerstone of learning and enables us to cope with a constantly changing environment. By adapting our knowledge and habits in order to respond to new situations, cognitive flexibility plays a fundamental role in learning.This book proposes a study of the fundamental notions of cognitive flexibility: its measurement and development, its links with metacognition and critical thinking and the role of context in its expression, as well as its involvement in discovering solutions, transferring knowledge and processing analogies.Convergent perspectives are also presented in order to paint a clear picture of cognitive flexibility and to discuss the issues at stake. Thanks to the combined views of specialists in cognitive and developmental psychology, Cognitive Flexibility suggests new educational possibilities based on the results of empirical work on the subject
Professional Testimony: Construction and Analysis of a “Graphic Object” in a Physics Class in a 12th Grade Science Major
No full textInternational audienceImplementing old physics syllabuses in a 12th grade science major in 2012 introduced elements of knowledge derived from the theory of special relativity. This chapter focuses on part of the second pilot sequence preparatory to engineering. A “graphic object” was built by the pupils step by step in order to more easily appropriate the notions of special relativity. The chapter analyzes transcripts of the pupils' work, revealing current teaching practice. Macro-didactic and micro-didactic hypotheses were established during the design of the sequence within the framework of didactic engineering. The teaching sequence was for the most part transcribed and the content analyzed by breaking down the corpus into elements of meaning by sentence unit. An analysis grid was designed to perform the a posteriori analysis of discussion between the teacher and the pupils. It took into account the achievements, the blockages and the various inputs of the teacher and also the registers implemented during the discussion
Cyberhate in the Context of Migrations
No full textInternational audienceThis edited book takes an interdisciplinary approach to shed light on the complex dynamics involved in the incidence of online hate speech against migrants in user-generated contexts. The authors draw on case studies from Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Poland and the UK, bringing together qualitative and quantitative analyses on user-generated online comments. The authors argue that online hate speech against migrants must be understood as a symptom of a representation crisis on migration, which can only be fully perceived through the study of the complex linguistic, interactional and connective processes within which it emerges. They focus on representations and shared meanings, community building and otherness, and delve into the role of network ecosystems in the process of the construction of public problems. This book will be of interest to undergraduate and post-graduate students as well as academics working on hate speech and migration studies in a variety of fields, and can also contribute to improving research protocols for automated analyses and detections of online hate speech
Quantum vacuum processes in the extremely intense light of relativistic plasma mirror sources
No full textInternational audienceThe advent of petawatt-class laser systems allows generating electromagnetic fields of unprecedented strength in a controlled environment, driving increasingly more efforts to probe yet unobserved processes through their interaction with the quantum vacuum. Still, the lowest intensity scale governing these effects lies orders of magnitude beyond foreseen capabilities, so that such endeavor is expected to remain extremely challenging. In recent years, however, plasma mirrors have emerged as a promising bridge across this gap, by enabling the conversion of intense infrared laser pulses into coherently focused Doppler harmonic beams lying in the X-UV range. In this work, we present predictions on the quantum vacuum signatures produced when such beams are focused to intensities between 10 and 10 W cm, specifically photon–photon scattering and electron–positron pair creation. These signatures are computed via the stimulated vacuum formalism, combined with a model of perfectly focused beam built from PIC-generated harmonics spectra, and implemented on state-of-the-art massively parallel numerical tools. In view of identifying experimentally favorable configurations, we also consider the coupling of the focused harmonic beam with an auxiliary optical beam, and provide comparison with other established schemes. Our results show that a single coherently focused harmonic beam can produce as much scattered photons as two infrared pulses in head-on collision, and confirm that the coupling of the harmonic beam to an auxiliary beam gives rise to significant levels of inelastic scattering, and hence holds the potential to strongly improve the attainable signal to noise ratios in experiments
Comparer les représentations des Kalmouks dans l'espace européen : enjeux méthodologiques
No full textInternational audienceDe nombreuses œuvres littéraires, musicales et chorégraphiques, notamment au XIXe siècle, mettent en scène des personnages kalmouks, souvent convoqués en arrière-plan. Pourquoi et comment comparer ces œuvres ? Peuvent-elles nous apprendre quelque chose de ce que sont les Kalmouks, ou tout au moins de la manière dont ils sont perçus en Europe au XIXe siècle ? S'intéresser aux personnages kalmouks nous permet-il de mieux comprendre les œuvres qui les mettent en scène ?La présente communication s'interroge sur les enjeux méthodologiques d'une recherche comparatiste sur les représentations du peuple kalmouk dans l'espace européen