FID4SA-Repository
Not a member yet
21181 research outputs found
Sort by
Training flexible categorization to improve arithmetic problem solving: A school-based intervention with 5th graders
No full textInternational audienceBecause of its importance in academic achievement, especially in mathematics, training cognitive flexibility at school is a major issue. The present research investigates the effectiveness of a school-based intervention to improve proportion arithmetic problem solving. The study was conducted with 5th graders of 10 classes from 5 high-priority education schools in the Paris region. Students of the control and experimental groups took part in 8 learning sessions about proportion problem solving. The experimental group's training focused on comparing and flexibly categorizing the problems in the hopes to help students achieve a deeper understanding of proportion problems. Results show that training flexible categorization allowed the experimental group to progress more than the control group, in both categorization and solving tasks. The educational implications of our results are discussed
Misaligned Rotations of the Envelope, Outflow, and Disks in the Multiple Protostellar System of VLA 1623-2417: FAUST. III
No full textInternational audienceWe report a study of the low-mass Class 0 multiple system VLA 1623AB in the Ophiuchus star-forming region, using H13CO+ (J = 3-2), CS (J = 5-4), and CCH (N = 3-2) lines as part of the ALMA Large Program FAUST. The analysis of the velocity fields revealed the rotation motion in the envelope and the velocity gradients in the outflows (about 2000 au down to 50 au). We further investigated the rotation of the circumbinary VLA 1623A disk, as well as the VLA 1623B disk. We found that the minor axis of the circumbinary disk of VLA 1623A is misaligned by about 12° with respect to the large-scale outflow and the rotation axis of the envelope. In contrast, the minor axis of the circumbinary disk is parallel to the large-scale magnetic field according to previous dust polarization observations, suggesting that the misalignment may be caused by the different directions of the envelope rotation and the magnetic field. If the velocity gradient of the outflow is caused by rotation, the outflow has a constant angular momentum and the launching radius is estimated to be 5-16 au, although it cannot be ruled out that the velocity gradient is driven by entrainments of the two high-velocity outflows. Furthermore, we detected for the first time a velocity gradient associated with rotation toward the VLA 16293B disk. The velocity gradient is opposite to the one from the large-scale envelope, outflow, and circumbinary disk. The origin of its opposite gradient is also discussed
Multi-cavity gravito-acoustic oscillation modes in stars: A general analytical resonance condition
No full textInternational audienceContext. Over recent decades, asteroseismology has proven to be a powerful method for probing stellar interiors. Analytical descriptions of the global oscillation modes, in combination with pulsation codes, have provided valuable help in processing and interpreting the large amount of seismic data collected, for instance, by space-borne missions CoRoT, Kepler, and TESS. These prior results have paved the way to more in-depth analyses of the oscillation spectra of stars in order to delve into subtle properties of their interiors. This purpose conversely requires innovative theoretical descriptions of stellar oscillations.Aims. In this paper, we aim to analytically express the resonance condition of the adiabatic oscillation modes of spherical stars in a very general way that is applicable at different evolutionary stages.Methods. In the present formulation, a star is represented as an acoustic interferometer composed of a multitude of resonant cavities where waves can propagate and the short-wavelength JWKB approximation is met. Each cavity is separated from the adjacent ones by barriers, which correspond to regions either where waves are evanescent or where the JWKB approximation fails. Each barrier is associated with a reflection and transmission coefficient. The stationary modes are then computed using two different physical representations: (1) studying the infinite-time reflections and transmissions of a wave energy ray through the ensemble of cavities or (2) solving the linear boundary value problem using the progressive matching of the wave function from one barrier to the adjacent one between the core and surface.Results. Both physical pictures provide the same resonance condition, which ultimately turns out to depend on a number of parameters: the reflection and transmission phase lags introduced by each barrier, the coupling factor associated with each barrier, and the wave number integral over each resonant cavity. Using such a formulation, we can retrieve, in a practical way, the usual forms derived in previous works in the case of mixed modes with two or three cavities coupled though evanescent barriers, low- and large-amplitude glitches, and the simultaneous presence of evanescent regions and glitches.Conclusions. The resonance condition obtained in this work provides a new tool that is useful in predicting the oscillation spectra of stars and interpreting seismic observations at different evolutionary stages in a simple way. Practical applications require more detailed analyses to make the link between the reflection-transmission parameters and the internal structure. These aspects will be the subject of a future paper
Effects of Early Motor Interventions on Gross Motor and Locomotor Development for Infants at-Risk of Motor Delay: A Systematic Review
No full textInternational audienceAim: To systematically examine the effect of early motor interventions on motor and locomotor development in infants <1 year of age with motor developmental disability or at risk of motor delay. Methods: Pertinent literature from January 2000 to September 2021 was identified by searching the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Pedro and Web of Science databases. Selection criteria included interventions starting before 12 months corrected age. Methodological quality was assessed with AACPDM criteria, Mallen score and Cochrane risk of bias methodology. Evaluation procedure was performed using PRISMA protocol (PICO approach) and AMSTAR-2. This review was preregistered in PROSPERO (CRD42021286445). Results: Ten articles met the inclusion criteria; seven had moderate to strong methodological quality. The interventions included treadmill training (n = 3), crawling training (n = 1), "tummy time" (n = 1), physical therapy with neonatal developmental program (n = 1) or Bobath approach (n = 1), treadmill training combined with active leg movements (n = 2) or Bobath physiotherapy (n = 1). The three key characteristics of effective interventions that emerged from the review were: (1) the infants' disability or risk of delay was well-defined; (2) the protocol was standardized and easy to replicate; (3) infants were required to make active movements. Conclusion: There is an urgent need for additional high-quality studies on the effects of early motor interventions on the gross motor and locomotor development of infants with a range of disabilities or risks for delay. Suggestions for future research are outlined
Drivers and dimensions of flood risk perceptions: Revealing an implicit selection bias and lessons for communication policies
No full textInternational audienceFlood damages have increased in many regions around the world, and they are expected to continue to rise in the future due to climate change. To reverse this trend, awareness of flood risk among the population is required to support flood risk management policies and improve flood preparedness. However, empirical studies on the drivers of flood risk perceptions conducted thus far have reported mixed and contradictory results. The aim of this study is to provide insights into the factors that influence perceptions of various dimensions of flood risk to draw lessons to guide flood risk communication strategies. We test a variety of hypotheses of possible factors of influence on flood risk perceptions that are motivated by theoretical concepts and previous empirical studies, whilst also controlling for socio-demographic variables. A representative sample of 2,976 residents answered our survey assessing the role that past flood experiences and risk communication play in shaping flood risk perceptions. Besides exploring flood risk perceptions more robustly, this large sample also facilitates the systematic study of ‘don’t know’ answers, which are often dismissed as missing data in many studies. Rather in this study we analyze what ‘don’t know’ answers reflect in terms of knowledge about particular dimensions of flood risk. The study finds that older people, as well as those who have higher levels of income and education, are significantly more likely to express their flood risk perceptions, respondents who are unable to answer the questions on flood risk perceptions face a lower flood risk, report to have been living in their neighbourhood for a shorter period of time and have less first-hand flood experience. Previous studies might thus be biased by an implicit selection effect. Finally, we show that findings are highly dependent on other explicit choices made by researchers, including the apparently self-fulfilling impact of selecting one explanatory framework over another. New insights emerge from the role that information campaigns and social vulnerability play in the ability to answer the questions. Based on our findings, we offer recommendations for improving flood risk communication policies, specifically increasing the frequency of communication, ensuring that campaigns are focused in terms of the content they provide and the subgroups of the population they target
L'altérité entre primates humains et non humains dans les curriculums français de sciences de la vie et de la Terre
No full textInternational audienc
(Re)Connaître le vécu scolaire des lycéens pour être bienveillant
No full textInternational audienceLa société change, l’Ecole change. Avec la seconde modernité, la « fiction nécessaire » indispensable au fonctionnement scolaire a vécu. Avec la massification scolaire des collèges et des lycées, la légitimité en valeur du système a changé, remplacée par une légitimité en termes d’efficacité. Dès lors, le sens des études n’est plus donné. Il est à construire par chacun. Responsable, l’élève, sous la pression des familles, des enseignants, des adultes, est sommé de réussir et ses échecs renvoient à ses « qualités intrinsèques. » Ces parcours génèrent des émotions des élèves face à leur scolarité qui mérite donc d’être posée. Il s’agit de se demander quelle(s) émotion(s) ils expriment, quels sentiments les animent et de repérer dans le parcours scolaire de ces élèves, de la maternelle au lycée. Nous avons repéré que l’expression des émotions négatives issues de souffrances ordinaires des élèves à l’Ecole dans les moments dans lesquels ils se sont sentis particulièrement vulnérables ou émotionnellement fragiles. Il s’est donc agi d’identifier ce qu’ont vécu les élèves mais aussi ces moments et ces circonstances qui ont pu leur poser problème et générer des souffrances, que ces moments et ces circonstances soient liés à ou non à des événements de leur vie scolaire ou extra-scolaire. Le corpus est constitué d’entretiens non directifs menés auprès de lycéens et a pour objet de saisir la nature et l’expression des émotions des élèves en lien avec leur parcours scolaire
Bayesian Rationality Revisited: Integrating Order Effects
No full textInternational audienceBayes’ inference cannot reliably account for uncertainty in mental processes. The reason is that Bayes’ inference is based on the assumption that the order in which the relevant features are evaluated is indifferent, which is not the case in most of mental processes. Instead of Bayes’ rule, a more general, probabilistic rule of inference capable of accounting for these order effects is established. This new rule of inference can be used to improve the current Bayesian models of cognition. Moreover, it should play an essential role in the search for artificial emotional intelligence
Ouverture de la responsabilité pour prospectus défectueux aux investisseurs qualifiés - Réflexions sur la « relativité » du prospectus
No full textInternational audienceNote sous Cour de justice de l'Union européenne, 3 juin 2021, no C-910/19, Bankia c/ Unión Mutua Asistencial de Seguros (UMAS
