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Saint Syméon le Nouveau Théologien (949-1022). Histoire et doctrines
No full textInternational audienceAuteur controversé de son vivant dont la réception délicate de l’œuvre fut l’une des plus énigmatiques que connut l’hagiographie orthodoxe, Syméon le Nouveau Théologien ne laissa pas indifférent ceux qui l’approchèrent. Fort d’une grâce d’illumination mystique, il chercha sa vie durant à en déployer théologiquement tous les aspects. Cette illumination, comme expérience consciente et réelle du salut de l’âme, restaure en l’homme l’alliance avec Dieu que la désobéissance et l’absence d’humilité d’Adam avaient brisée. Ce don divin rétabli devait pour lui s’étendre – au moment de la Divine Liturgie – à la condition corporelle par la participation consciente à la chair ressuscitée et pneumatisée du Verbe. Pour Syméon, c’est au cœur de la Divine Liturgie que se manifeste la destinée ultime de toute la création. Le réalisme de cette expérience, la dévotion qu’il manifesta envers Syméon le stoudite qui l’y initia rencontra une forte résistance dans les milieux ecclésiastiques constantinopolitains. Le Nouveau Théologien connut nombre de procès, l’exil, et malgré la réhabilitation, une résistance sourde au réalisme évangélique qu’il prônait pour tout homme
Sull’edizione di Bartolomeo Anglico, o della collazione a campione di manoscritti digitalizzati
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Les classes d’animaux dans les œuvres d’al-Fārābī
No full textInternational audienceAl-Fārābī’s (d. 339/950-951) special interest in and appropriation of Aristotle’s biological corpus is increasingly recognized. Four passages can be identified where al-Fārābī seems to divide the animal genus into several categories: two in his review of Aristotle’s corpus (Falsafat Arisṭūṭālīs), and two in his Book of Political Governance (Kitāb al-Siyāsa al-madaniyya). Due to the recent recognition of al-Fārābī’s interest in Aristotelian biology, these excerpts have not yet received due attention. In this paper, we will attempt to assess the extent to which these presentations of animal classes relate to Aristotle’s work. We will consider the textual context in which al-Fārābī brings them up and explore his possible motivations for including them. It will become evident that the systems found in al-Fārābī’s works mirror some aspects of the History of Animals. Like Aristotle (if we are to trust Pierre Pellegrin’s interpretation), al-Fārābī did not adhere to one single fixed system of animal classification. Instead, he presented different groupings to highlight specific points he wanted to demonstrate. Thus, he provided a system that helps explain the function of animals in relation to a final cause, and another to position human beings within the animal world and, consequently, within the cosmos. With al-Fārābī, we have an example of an Islamicate philosopher adapting the Aristotelian device of classifying animals for the purpose of demonstration that goes beyond the study of non-human animals by offering a comprehensive reflection on the cosmos and its teleology.L’intérêt d’al-Fārābī (mort en 339/950-951) pour l’œuvre biologique d’Aristote et l’appropriation qu’il en a faite sont de plus en plus reconnus. On peut identifier quatre passages dans lesquels il semble diviser le règne animal en plusieurs catégories : deux dans son inventaire de l’œuvre d’Aristote (Falsafat Arisṭūṭālīs) et deux dans son Livre de la gouvernance politique (Kitāb al-Siyāsa al-madaniyya). Ces extraits n’ont pas encore reçu l’attention qu’ils méritent. Dans cet article, nous essayons de déterminer dans quelle mesure ces regroupements d’animaux peuvent être rattachés à l’œuvre d’Aristote, en examinant le contexte textuel dans lequel al-Fārābī les évoque et en fournissant les possibles raisons de leur mention. Nous en déduisons qu’ils reflètent certains aspects de l’Histoire des animaux. À l’instar d’Aristote (si l’on en croit l’interprétation de Pierre Pellegrin), al-Fārābī n’adhère pas à un système unique et figé de classification. Au contraire, il présente différents regroupements pour mettre en évidence les points précis qu’il souhaite démontrer. Il propose ainsi des systèmes permettant d’expliquer la fonction des animaux par rapport à une cause finale ou de positionner les êtres humains dans le monde animal et, par extension, dans le cosmos. Al-Fārābī constitue en cela un exemple de philosophe qui adapte la méthode aristotélicienne de classification des animaux à des fins de démonstration, et qui va au-delà de l’étude des animaux non humains en proposant une réflexion globale sur le cosmos et sa téléologie
A randomized phase III trial of structured tumour response surveillance and shared decision‐making for organ preservation in rectal cancer – PRODIGE 101‐ GRECCAR 20‐ EVAREC trial protocol
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Aim Standard management with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) reduces local recurrence but often is associated with significant long‐term functional impairment. Organ preservation (OP) has become a key therapeutic goal in rectal cancer to reduce surgery‐related morbidity without compromising oncological outcomes. Three main OP strategies have been developed: Watch and Wait (W&W) strategy, Local Excision (LE) and Contact X‐ray Brachytherapy (CXB), both applicable in patients showing a favourable tumour response after neoadjuvant therapy. The current challenge is defining the optimal timing and modalities for response assessment to accurately identify complete clinical response while balancing oncological control, functional outcomes and patient preferences. This trial evaluates whether a structured tumour response surveillance program combined with shared decision‐making (SDM) can safely increase OP rates. Methods GRECCAR 20 is a multicentre, randomized, open‐label, phase III trial enrolling patients with cT2‐T3N0‐1 rectal adenocarcinoma ≤ 8 cm from the anal verge and ≤ 4 cm in length, without involvement of the anal canal. Across the French GRECCAR and PRODIGE network, 270 patients will be recruited over 36 months. After neoadjuvant treatment (CRT or induction chemotherapy followed by CRT), participants are randomized to either a structured tumour response surveillance strategy with SDM over 8 to 24 weeks (experimental arm) or standard response assessment without SDM at 8 weeks (control arm). In the experimental arm (Arm A), reassessments at 2‐, 4‐ and 6‐month post‐treatment will guide management decisions—W&W, LE, CXB or TME—through a collaborative process between patient and clinician. In the control arm (Arm B), treatment decisions at 2 months will be made solely by the clinician, between LE or TME, based on clinical, endoscopic and radiological assessment. The primary outcome is the OP rate at 2 years. Secondary endpoints include disease‐free survival, TME‐free survival, functional outcomes, quality of life (QoL) and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs). Conclusion GRECCAR 20 is the first randomized trial to assess a structured tumour response surveillance program incorporating SDM in rectal cancer. By prioritizing patient values and QoL, this trial aims to improve OP rates without compromising oncological safety, potentially establishing a new standard of personalized, patient‐centred care
Culture écrite de l’Antiquité tardive et papyrologie byzantine: [résumé des cours et travaux : 2021-2022]
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Hidden diversity of Palaeogene metatherians: a new family of polydolopimorphian marsupials from Peruvian Amazonia
No full textInternational audienceSouth American marsupials are widely dominated by opossums and their kin today. Nevertheless, metatherian high-level taxonomic diversity was much higher before Pleistocene times. Here we describe two new species and a new genus documenting the extinct order Polydolopimorphia, based on extensive material from Eocene–Oligocene localities of Peruvian Amazonia. Wamradolops telloi Stutz sp. nov. and Pozodolops manuelorum Stutz gen. et sp. nov. are morphologically close to the early Oligocene Wamradolops tsullodon Goin and Candela, 2004 from the same area. Parsimony analyses performed here strongly suggest that these three taxa document a new early-diverging clade of Polydolopimorphia, Wamradolopidae Stutz fam. nov., restricted to tropical-equatorial lowlands and falling outside the suborders Bonapartheriiformes and Polydolopiformes. These phylogenetic affinities further point to a Paleocene–early Eocene ghost lineage for Wamradolopidae Stutz fam. nov., most likely at low latitudes of South America. Dental dimensions suggest that representatives of Wamradolopidae Stutz fam. nov. were extremely small, with estimated body masses ranging 3–55 g. With cranial dimensions comparable to those of the living long-tailed planigale and Etruscan shrew, Wamradolops telloi Stutz sp. nov. counts among the smallest mammals ever described
Abrodictyum polynesicum (Hymenophyllaceae, Polypodiidae), a new fern species for the French Polynesia
No full textInternational audienceThe filmy fern Abrodictyum asae-grayi (Hymenophyllaceae) is thought to be distributed from New Guinea to French Polynesia. However, specimens from the Marquesas Islands and some populations from the Society Islands show clearly erect rhizomes, while the species A. asae-grayi is described as having creeping rhizomes. In-depth examination of the herbarium specimens and phylogenetic analysis demonstrate that the specimens with creeping rhizomes and those with erect rhizomes define two distinct species. The new species, A. polynesicum, endemic to French Polynesia, is discussed and described here
MiCoReCa (Microbiome Community Resource Catalogue) - Towards Centralized Curation And Integration Of Microbiome Bioinformatics Resources
No full textThe rapid growth of microbiome research has led to the development of numerous bioinformatics tools and databases, but information about them remains fragmented across disparate, often outdated cataloging efforts, hindering resource discovery and utilization. To address this critical gap, the ELIXIR Microbiome Community proposes the development of MiCoReCa (Microbiome Community Resource Catalogue), a comprehensive, dynamic, open-access catalogue of microbiome-related bioinformatics resources (tools, workflows, training, standards, and databases). Leveraging our community's expertise, this initiative will utilize standardized ontologies like EDAM and cross-reference established platforms like bio.tools and WorkflowHub to create a centralized, findable inventory. A key feature is the community-driven process for identifying and curating missing ontological terms and metadata, ensuring MiCoReCa's accuracy and relevance in collaboration with partner platforms. Furthermore, the catalogue will integrate links to training materials from TeSS to support appropriate tool usage, and connect with OpenEBench for benchmarking capabilities. This project will not only provide a vital resource for the microbiome field, enhancing research efficiency and reproducibility, but will also establish a sustainable, adaptable infrastructure potentially applicable to other ELIXIR Communities. This effort represents a significant contribution by the ELIXIR Microbiome Community to streamline microbiome bioinformatics