Portail HAL EHESS (École des hautes études en sciences sociales)
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Insider Imitation
No full textInternational audienceWe study how regulating data usage impacts innovation in digital markets. Platforms commonly use proprietary data about third-party sellers to inform their own competing offerings, dampening incentives for innovation. We model this interaction and characterize how data usage restrictions reshape these incentives. An outright ban on data usage may boost or curtail innovation, depending upon the thickness of the right tail of demand for new products. More flexible rules controlling when and what data is made available can always improve the effectiveness of regulation. Our results contribute to an ongoing policy discussion regarding competition in digital markets
Structures of Today's World: Geographical Imaginaries of the Press
No full textInternational audienceThis chapter analyzes the media information produced by three French daily newspapers, Le Monde , Le Figaro and Liberation , within the theoretical framework of the analysis of flows and that of representations in geography. By analyzing the coverage of countries throughout the world in the French daily press, it questions the uneven spatiotemporal distribution of media attention. The materialistic approach to the production and dissemination of information is used to model the structure of the international information flow of the French press. This analysis can be summoned for the interpretation of the geographical imaginaries of the world portrayed in the French press of record. Having presented the methodological and conceptual framework of the analysis of spatial centralities and hierarchies from press data, the chapter proposes an empirical analysis of the media coverage of countries throughout the world by the French national daily press between 2013 and 2019
Tensions et enjeux entre histoire de l'art et anthropologie. Réflexions à partir du cas d'Haïti
No full textWhat kind of art history can be practised in a society that emerged from a colonial slave-owning system, such as Haiti ? Perspectives sought through an examination of the tensions between art history and anthropology reveal that the hegemony of fine arts still constitutes an obstacle to the full acceptance of the plurality of modes of representation. Promising avenues are emerging from studies on image and visual culture. This work and the debates that accompany it allow us to consider the class of objects (including fine arts) that can be grouped under the name of plastic creation as one of many centres of image production in a given community, presenting a diversity of forms of organisation and crystallisation in time and space. Such a proposition is crucial when we are interested in places where social groups from different visual worlds meet, clash and coexist, as in colonial situations. The case of the French colony of Saint-Domingue, studied from this perspective, demonstrates the heuristic potential of this approach. It leads to a re-examination of the entire history of the visual in colonial and post-colonial Haiti.Quelle histoire de l'art est-il possible de pratiquer depuis une société issue de la matrice coloniale esclavagiste, comme celle d'Haïti ? Des perspectives recherchées à travers une lecture des tensions entre histoire de l'art et anthropologie, il ressort que l'hégémonie des beaux-arts constitue aujourd'hui encore un blocage à l'acceptation pleine et entière de la pluralité des modes de figuration. Des voies prometteuses se dégagent des études sur l'image et la culture visuelle. Ces travaux et les débats qui les accompagnent permettent de considérer la classe d'objets (dont les beaux-arts) qu'on peut regrouper sous le nom de création plastique comme un foyer, parmi d'autres, de production d'images dans une communauté donnée et qui présente une diversité de formes d'organisation, de cristallisation dans le temps et dans l'espace. Une telle proposition est cruciale quand on s'intéresse aux lieux où se rencontrent, s'affrontent, cohabitent des groupes sociaux venant d'univers visuels différents, comme en situation coloniale. Le cas de la colonie française de Saint-Domingue étudié selon cette approche en montre les potentialités heuristiques. Il s'ensuit une remise en chantier de toute l'histoire du visuel dans l'Haïti coloniale et postcoloniale
A Room of One's Own. Work from Home and the Gendered Allocation of Time
No full textThe traditional specialization of men in paid work and women in unpaid work is rooted in the spatial separation of these activities. We examine the possible consequences of the recent expansion of Work from Home (WfH) for the gendered allocation of time. We focus on the time devoted to housework by men and women who work from home versus on site, before and after the Covid pandemic. Using data on several thousand workers drawn from the American Time Use Survey, we find that the gender gap in unpaid work has declined by about 27 minutes per day, i.e. by about 40%, for remote workers. Among remote workers, women now spend more time on paid work and less on unpaid work, whereas men spend a little more time on household chores. These results are driven by partnered respondents, with children under 10 years of age
L’opinion publique et les essais nucléaires en Polynésie française (1962-1996) : un consensus, vraiment ?
No full textInternational audienceComment l’opinion publique, catégorie problématique à appréhender en soi, et véritable fantôme en matière de dissuasion nucléaire, se saisit-elle des questions stratégiques ? La question oblige à revenir sur les ambivalences de la discussion démocratique sur la question du nucléaire militaire en France. Si les enjeux internationaux ont fortement contribué au XIXe siècle à la politisation de la société, favorisant la dilatation de l’espace public de délibération, en France, qu’en est-il du débat sur le nucléaire militaire au temps des essais nucléaires jusqu’à notre temps présent, dans un contexte où la dissuasion revient au cœur de l’actualité géopolitique
Cent ans après Mgr Joseph-Auguste Duc – Chan. François-Gabriel Frutaz, Actes du colloque (Aoste, 16-17 décembre 2022), dir. Sandra Barberi et Luca Jaccod
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Sequential pricing on multisided platforms
No full textNational audienceMultisided platforms have emerged as an increasingly important market structure with the rise of the digital economy. In this paper, we consider sequential price setting behavior by platforms and demonstrate sequential pricing outcomes Pareto dominate simultaneous pricing outcomes in terms of firm and industry profits. We compare policy implications and find prices are more balanced across the platform and average prices are higher under sequential pricing than under simultaneous pricing. We also demonstrate that pricing power can be considered independently on each side of the market under multihoming behavior
Assessing the sustainability of Value-Based Supply Chains through the analysis of their emergence process.Empirical Evidence from the French Hemp Sector
No full textInternational audienceThe Value-Based Supply Chain (VBSC) model is emerging as an intermediate alternative between long supply chains and short food circuits. It aims to ensure sufficient production while minimizing social and environmental negative externalities. Scientific research analysing these initiatives highlights their positive impact, yet their long-term sustainability remains uncertain. This article aims to analyze the sustainability of this model by focusing on a factor that has been little considered in the literature: the emergence process of the VBSC. To this end, we mobilized the analytical framework of institutional work and conducted qualitative surveys, focusing on an alternative local French sector: textile hemp. Our findings highlight three key insights that structure the emergence process of VBSC: (i) the effort of differentiation and positioning within the VBSC against the institution in place, (ii) the creation of a VBSC based on a small group, and (iii) the pursuit of long-term sustainability of VBSC regulatory mechanisms and institutional embedding. These results contribute to the characterization of the institutional processes leveraged by VBSC and provide a foundation for discussions on the heterogeneous nature of actors involved in its sustainability. Further field investigations will be conducted to deepen these insights