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    The Use of New Biologically Based Technological Development in the Management of Crown-of-Thorns Sea Stars

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    International audienceCrown-of-thorns sea star (CoTS) outbreaks represent one of the biggest threats to scleractinian coral reefs across the Indo-Pacific, and this threat is further exacerbated by ocean warming, cyclones and ocean acidification. There is currently a large collective effort by stakeholders across Indo-Pacific nations to develop technologies to accurately manage (predict, monitor and reduce) these outbreaks. Emerging technologies include: low-cost and high-throughput eDNA profiling of seawater (biosensors) to accurately count the abundance of CoTS in a local area; developing chemosensory attractants and dispersants to herd CoTS for efficient removal; desynchronising CoTS reproduction by altering the timing of CoTS reproductive cues; producing CoTS with lower fecundity through gene editing/contraceptives; using machine learning technologies and robots to automatically detect and cull CoTS; making CoTS more susceptible to diseases through microbiome manipulation to reduce population sizes; strategically planting corals more resilient to CoTS predation, e.g., more venomous corals; and facilitating the predation of CoTS by increasing the numbers of CoTS predators through marine protected area (MPA) designation and habitat restoration. In this chapter, we discuss the emerging technologies and considerations that should be taken into account to effectively manage CoTS outbreaks for future reef resilience

    东北官话中泛义动词“整”的致使功能及类型特征研究

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    L’expérience migratoire des « renonçants » pondichériens dans l’empire colonial français

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    Intervention dans le cadre du Panel "Inde-Indochine-Afrique : Migrations Et Diasporas Asiatiques"International audienc

    Le Rock Against Communism en France (1984-2024): De la fabrique à la marginalisation d’une sous-culture musicale radicale

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    International audienceRock Against Communism (RAC) emerged in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s, combining a punk music sound, skinhead subculture, and neo-Nazi lyrics. RAC subsequently spread across Europe and later to the United States. This article examines the French RAC scene from 1984 to the present day. Based on a corpus of records, interviews, and fanzines, and using prosopography and content analysis (lyrics and iconography), it shows how, within just a few years, the French RAC scene became one of the most radical and respected in Europe, notably thanks to the Brest-based label Rebelles européens (1987-1994). The digitization of music has had mixed effects, making these productions more accessible while weakening the record labels. Since the late 2000s, RAC’s gradual marginalization – linked to the emergence of even more radical music scenes and the aging of both artists and audiences – has gone hand in hand with a movement to preserve and promote RAC groups. Despite its extreme nature, this music scene functions in much the same way as any underground scene, characterized by multiskilled key players, short-lived music careers due to the absence of commercial prospects, a niche audience, and a Do-It-Yourself (DIY) ethos adopted for lack of any alternatives. Closely monitored by both anti-fascists and the authorities, RAC’s political radicalism precludes any entry into parties participating in the electoral process.Le Rock against communism (RAC) apparaît au Royaume-Uni à la fin des années 1970 et combine sonorité punk, sous-culture skinhead et textes néonazis. Le RAC se diffuse ensuite en Europe puis aux États-Unis. Cet article s’intéresse au fonctionnement de la scène RAC française de 1984 à nos jours. Basé sur l’exploitation d’un corpus de disques, d’interviews et de fanzines, mobilisant prosopographie et analyse de contenu (textes et iconographie), il montre comment, en quelques années, la scène RAC française devient l’une des plus radicales et respectées d’Europe, notamment grâce au label brestois Rebelles européens (1987-1994). La numérisation de la musique produit des effets contrastés, facilitant l’accès aux productions tout en fragilisant les labels. Depuis la fin des années 2000, sa marginalisation progressive, liée à l’apparition de scènes musicales plus radicales encore et au vieillissement des artistes comme du public, s’accompagne de dynamiques de conservation et de valorisation des groupes RAC. Malgré son caractère extrême, le fonctionnement de cette scène musicale est semblable à celui de toutes les scènes underground : polyvalence des acteurs, carrière musicale courte du fait de l’absence de perspective commerciale, public confidentiel et démarche Do It Yourself adoptée faute d’alternative. Scène surveillée tant par les antifascistes que par les autorités, sa radicalité politique lui interdit tout débouché dans les partis participant au jeu électoral

    La base de données Jean Nicolas. La rébellion française, 1661-1789

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    International audienceThis article introduces the Jean Nicolas database, a comprehensive resource documenting 8,516 rebellions in France between 1661 and 1789. Based on a survey conducted by Jean Nicolas from the early 1980s to the late 1990s, the database records each event's typology, chronology, location, participant characteristics, forms of confrontation and violence, legal consequences, sources, and authorship. In addition to detailing the construction methodology of the database, the article critically evaluates its reliability by analyzing biases introduced during the original data collection process. It also provides methodological guidance to end users to mitigate the database's limitations.Cet article présente la base de données Jean Nicolas, une ressource exhaustive recensant environ 8 516 rébellions survenues en France entre 1661 et 1789. Fondée sur une enquête menée par Jean Nicolas du début des années 1980 à la fin des années 1990, la base de données consigne pour chaque événement sa typologie, sa chronologie, son lieu, les caractéristiques de ses participants, les formes de confrontation et de violence, les conséquences judiciaires, les sources et l’auteur de la notice. En plus de détailler la méthodologie de construction de la base, l’article en évalue de manière critique sa fiabilité en analysant les biais introduits lors de la collecte initiale des données. Il fournit également des conseils méthodologiques aux utilisateurs finaux afin d’en atténuer les limites

    The First Million Years of Technology: The Lomekwian and the Early Oldowan

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    International audienceDuring the course of human evolution, lithic technology became a critical element of hominin foraging ecology and a contributor to feedback loops selecting for increasingly sophisticated tool use, cognition, and language. Here we review the first million years of technology, from 3.3 million years ago (Ma) to 2.3 Ma. This time interval includes the two oldest archaeological industries (the Lomekwian and the early Oldowan) known exclusively from Africa, which collectively overlap with four genera of hominins (human relatives and ancestors). These Early Stone Age (ESA) industries focused on the production and use of sharp edges for cutting, as well as the use of larger, sometimes unworked stones for pounding. We review our current understanding of these technologies, where they were found, how they were made, what they were used for, and the hominins that could have produced them, and consider them in the context of nonhuman primate archaeology

    Conditionality and Temporality: A Comparative Study of Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese

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    International audienceThis talk presents a descriptive comparative study of conditional constructions and their temporal marking patterns in Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese, revealing three fundamentally different grammatical solutions for encoding hypothetical reasoning and its interaction with tense-aspect systems. Conditionals universally express protasis-apodosis relations (Comrie 1986), yet these languages display striking variation in how they grammaticalize the semantic space of conditionals. The study focuses on two dimensions: (i) the typological profiles of conditional systems, and (ii) the role of temporal marking (past/present/future) across three critical contexts – real/future conditionals, counterfactuals, and generic/habitual conditional

    Les humanités océanes. Entretien avec Laurent Vidal

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    International audienceSince 1989, historian Laurent Vidal has been researching the history of Brazil and, more broadly, transatlantic cultural exchanges. Having worked in particular on urban formations, as illustrated by his book Mazagão, la ville qui traversa l’Atlantique : du Maroc à l’Amazonie (1769-1783) published by Flammarion in 2008, he has gradually developed a reflection on the relationship with time, waiting and social rhythms, as in his book Les Hommes lents, résister à la modernité published in 2020. Professor of History at the University of La Rochelle and Director of Research at the Institut des Hautes Études d'Amérique Latine (University of Paris III), he became President of the Centre Intermondes in 2020. Founded in La Rochelle at the very beginning of the 21st century on the initiative of sociologist Jean Duvignaud, this cultural structure has developed, from this former slave-trading port, exchanges on all continents aimed, through artistic residencies, at publicly and anthropologically reinterrogating creation without opposing it to heritage. This is how, from 2020 onwards, the project to become an ethnopole is maturing, taking on the poetic and seminal name of Humanités océanes. As the latest ethnopôle, it focuses on issues relating to cultural cross-fertilization and circulation, the imaginary of inhabitation and the ecological condition, artistic creation and the re-use of heritage in a post-colonial context. In this interview, Laurent Vidal, the Centre's director, talks to Thomas Mouzard, head of the French Ministry of Culture's ethnopole network, about the genesis of the Centre Intermondes-Humanités océanes, and then reveals the anthropological, cultural and scientific perspectives it has opened up.L’historien Laurent Vidal mène depuis 1989 des recherches sur l’histoire du Brésil et plus largement sur les échanges culturels transatlantiques. Ayant en particulier travaillé sur les formations urbaines, comme en témoigne son ouvrage Mazagão, la ville qui traversa l’Atlantique : du Maroc à l’Amazonie (1769–1783) publié chez Flammarion en 2008, il a progressivement développé une réflexion sur le rapport au temps, l’attente, les rythmes sociaux, comme dans son livre Les Hommes lents, résister à la modernité paru en 2020. Professeur des universités en histoire à l’université de La Rochelle et directeur de recherche à l’Institut des hautes études d’Amérique latine (université de Paris III), il devient président du Centre Intermondes en 2020. Fondée à La Rochelle au tout début du XXIe siècle à l’initiative du sociologue Jean Duvignaud, cette structure culturelle a développé, depuis cet ancien port de traite esclavagiste, des échanges sur tous les continents visant, par des résidences artistiques, à réinterroger publiquement et anthropologiquement la création sans l’opposer au patrimoine. C’est ainsi que dès 2020 le projet d’une labélisation en ethnopôle mûrit, jusqu’à prendre le nom poétique à la portée séminale d’Humanités océanes. Dernier né des ethnopôles, il intervient notamment sur les questions liées au métissage et aux circulations culturelles, à l’imaginaire de l’habiter et à la condition écologique, aux créations artistiques et aux réemplois des patrimoines en contexte postcolonial. Dans cet entretien, Laurent Vidal, son directeur, revient, avec Thomas Mouzard, responsable du réseau des ethnopôles au ministère de la Culture, sur la genèse du Centre Intermondes-Humanités océanes, puis dévoile les perspectives anthropologiques, culturelles et scientifiques, ainsi ouvertes

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