International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences
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Assessment of Inflammatory Markers in Keelvayu Nivarana Churunam (KNC) Supplementation to Carrageenan-Induced Inflammatory Rats
Get PDFThe carrageenan-induced paw edema is a well-defined model of acute inflammation that a variety of inflammatory mediators involves in its development and has wildly been used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of natural products. The results of the current study suggested that KNC possessed anti-inflammatory effects in carrageenan-induced rats. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of KNC may be related to the reduction of oxidative stress markers as MDA, GPx, Catalase and inflammatory markers PGE2, NO2, TNFα, IL6, IL-10, Myloperoxidase and IgM. Furthermore, the protective effect of KNC may result from anti-oxidative effects. Our findings provide new perspectives on the therapeutic use KNC in the management of inflammatory diseases including arthritis.
 
3D structure prediction of OCT 4, an important Reprogramming Factor of induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)
Get PDFOct 4 is one of the transcription factors among six reprogramming factors (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, C-MYC, NANOG, and LIN28) selected by Takahashi and Yamanaka to induce somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).Stem cell research is used in treatment of a number of diseases including genetic disorders. Several questions regarding reprogramming factors of stem cells are remaining unanswerable due to limited experimental availability and ehilical issues. Proteomic analysis of OCT 4 is still remaining unpredicted as protein structure is not available in PDB. The aim of this study was prediction of the tertiary structure of OCT4 protein using homology modeling approach through MODELLER program. Quality and reliability assessments were performed on predicted model and found the model reliable.
 
Comparative Phytochemical Screening and Pharmacognostic Study on Stem Bark and Root bark of Endangered Medicinal Plant Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent
Get PDFMedicinal plants are an important component of natural resources and they are used as a source of food, medicine, fibres, tannin, gum and allied uses. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. (Bignoniaceae) also known as ‘Sonapatha’ is an important endangered medicinal plants of indigenous medical system for over hundreds of years. It has been used as a single drug and as a component for preparation of ayurvedic compound preparations viz. Dashmularistha and Chyavanprash etc. Plants are used in treating in various human ailments like jaundice, dysentery, asthma, allergic disease, urticaria, sore throat, measles, laryngitis, hoarseness and diarrhea. The present paper provides a detailed account of the phytochemical evaluation and pharmacognostic studies of Sonapatha stem bark and rroot bark. The study includes macroscopy, microscopy, and powder microscopy studies, fluorescence study, physicochemical parameters, preliminary phytochemical screening High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography fingerprint profile. Established parameters can be used as standards for identification and quality control of the plants in compound formulations and also preparation of a monograph of the plant.
 
Comparative qualitative profile of various extracellular enzymes produced by two indigenous fungus Lentinus cladopus and Pleurotus pulmonarius
Get PDFWhite rot fungi are well known prominent and efficient producers of various extra-cellular enzymes that play an essential role in various industries including food, paper, textile, medicine, etc. Therefore,the two important white rot species of Lentinuscladopus and Pleurotuspulmonarius were screened for the qualitative profile of various enzymes on solid medium. The result obtained revealed the remarkable presence of different extracellular enzymes including cellulase, mannanase, xylanase, pectinase, amylase, lipase and protease by both the fungi. However Pleurotuspulmonarius was found to be more efficient in producing almost each screened enzymes in comparision to Lentinuscladopus.
 
Rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) changes feeding strategy throughout its ontogeny: An explanation from feeding ecology
Get PDFLabeo rohita is a popular Indian major carp species in carp polyculture practice. It is known as water column feeder which feeds on plankton. In the juvenile and adult stages rohu is essentially an herbivorous column feeder, preferring algae and submerged vegetation. Under natural condition, in fingerling stage, it prefers zooplankton, with phytoplankton as subsidiary food. At this stage it exhibited a strong positive selection for all zooplanktonic organisms and smaller phytoplankton. Adults show a strong negative selection for all zooplanktonic organisms and positive selection for most phytoplanktonic organisms. However, in periphytic environment, it ingests sub-periphytic organisms present in proximity to substrate. In conclusion, it is agreed that L. rohita exhibits different feeding strategy during its growth from fingerling to adult and also from planktonic to periphytic environment. Adoption of a fish culture strategy according to its differential feeding strategy would maximize in converting naturally available resources to fish biomass especially in polyculture practice.
 
Seasonal variation in the Carbohydrate content from different tissues of Sepia aculeata in Pazhayar coastal waters, Nagapattinam District, Tamilnadu
Get PDFThe aim of this work was to investigate the seasonal variability in the Carbohydrate content in Sepia aculeata during January 2017 to December 2017. The total carbohydrate was estimated in muscle, gill, liver and gonad.
 
Freshwater Zooplankton diversity of Halali reservoir: A Review
Get PDFInvestigations on Zooplankton species were conducted monthly using standard methods in Halali reservoir between Mar. 2016 to Feb. 2017. The plankton fauna of the state of madhya pardesh, central India, especially in the Betwa basin, is still poorly known. Thus, this paper presents data from samples taken recently from different sites in Halali. A total of 23 species were recorded, including 13 new occurred rotifers, 07 of cladocerans and 03 of copepods for the state of Halali. The maximum richness was seen for the rotifers, of which the Genus Brachionus have to be highlighted, mainly at the Halali reservoir.
 
A Preliminary Study on Avian Fauna at Govt. (Model, Autonomous) Holkar Science College, Indore, (M.P.)
Get PDFIn the present study carried out at the Govt. (Model, Autonomous) Holkar Science Campus, total 51 species of birds belonging to 14 Orders and 33 Families were recorded. Out of these 51 species, 41 species were found to be resident and 10 species were winter visitors. Only one species i.e. Alexandrine parakeet was found to be in the Near Threatened Category (NT) of IUCN. Interestingly, 13 new species of birds which were previously unrecorded at the college campus were recorded, which suggests the variation in the number of species and their abundance within the past years. Total 17 species of birds were recorded breeding inside the college campus. Their nesting preference and the use of anthropogenic material for building the nest was also studied. The results of Relative Diversity (RD) Index shows that the Family Muscicapidae (RD Value = 13.7) was dominant in the college campus. Seasonal variation was observed in few resident bird species suggesting their local movement. Further, the importance of large trees with dense foliage has been described and the negative impact of stray dogs on the life of birds is also discussed.
 
Isolation of Mycobacteriophage: Novel tool to treat Mycobacterium spp
Get PDFMycobacteriophages are viruses that infect Mycobacterium spp. To date,9666 mycobacteriophages have been isolated and 1519 mycobacteriophage genomes have been sequenced(phagesdb.org). The aim of this study was to isolate mycobacteriophages from different soil samples using Mycobacterium smegmatis as host. In this study mycobacteriophages have been isolated from 10 different soil samples. Presence of these phages was confirmed by qualitative plaque formation on plates. These 10 different phages were further tested for host diversity using M. fortuitum subsp. fortuitum MTCC993, Mycobacterium kansasiiMTCC3058, Mycobacterium aviumsubsp. avium MTCC1723 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis MTCC300. Three among these 10 phages, were found to infect all the 4 different species of Mycobacterium besides the host Mycobacterium smegmatis that was used for isolation of the phages. This truly reflects the host diversity of the phages and their ability to rapidly adapt to new hosts. These phages could also hold a great potential to be used as tools of genetic manipulation to study Mycobacteria. Their potential for the treatment and eradication of M. tuberculosis can also be studied further.
 
Physico-Chemical Characteristics of a Fresh Water Pond of Ghugus, District Chandrapur, Maharashtra (India)
Get PDFWater is the most necessary component for the living beings. Life on the earth is never possible without water. Water is one of the most vital elements for the human environments. It is being used for many purposes e.g. Industrial water supply, drinking, irrigation, propagation of fish and other aquatic systems and generation of hydro-power plants. Water is the main source of energy and governs the evolution on the earth. 71.9 % of earth surface is covered with water (CIA, 2008), out of which, 96.5% of the world’s water is sea water which is salty that is not to be directly useful for irrigation, drinking, domestic and industrial purposes.1.7% is in groundwater and 1.7% in glaciers and the ice caps. Less than 1% water is present in ponds, lakes, rivers, dams, etc., which is used by human beings for drinking, industrial , domestic and agricultural purposes. According to an estimate about 70% of all the available water in our country is polluted due to the discharge of effluents from the industries, domestic waste, land and agricultural drainage (Shrivastava and Kanungo, 2013). In the present study an attempt has been made on physico-chemical characteristics of a pond, located in Ghugus Town in Chandrapur district of Maharashtra. The study was carried out for a period of twelve months i.e. November 2014 to October 2015. Monthly details have been collected and were represented seasonally along with standard deviation. Different parameters were taken in the study were Humidity, Atmospheric and water temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Dissolved oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Total alkalinity, Bicarbonate Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Calcium Hardness, Chloride, Nitrate-Nitrogen and Phosphate. The results of the present study indicated that the water of the pond lies just below the level of eutrophication.