International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences
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Acorus Calamus: A Review
Get PDFWe found that Ayurveda, can serve as a “goldmine” for novel anti-inflammatory agents to treat chronic diseases. The current review is an attempt to provide description of one of the important ayurvedic plant and its treatment in various types of diseases. It is used in ailments like bronchitis, nervous disorders, colic, chest pain, diarrhoea, flatulence, ingestion, rheumatism, cough, fever, depression, tumors, skin diseases, acts as cryoprotective, inflammation and other nervous disorders. It is anti-microbial, anti-cancerous and also shown anti-diabetic potential. A number of active phytoconstituents have isolated and characterized from leaves and rhizomes, containing important essential oils. Its important therapeutic potentials are present in the rhizome part of the plant. Constituents, α-asarone and β-asarone are the predominant bioactive compounds found in this plant. At higher doses, genotoxicity and mutagenicity of α- and β-asarone have been reported in various studies, this limits its use. Ayurvedic plant with their active chemical components and the inflammatory pathways that they inhibit are yet clearly to understand.
 
Preparation of Stable Silver Nanoparticle Containing Glycerol-AOT [bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate sodium salt] Reverse Micellar Solution using Hydrogen Gas as Reducing Agent and Silver Nitrate as Precursor Material
Get PDFThe research paper describes the synthesis of silver nanoparticles in nonaqueous AOT [bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt] reverse micellar solution. Complete description of the reverse micellar system is glycerol-AOT-n-heptane reverse micelle where AOT molecules act as surfactant molecule, glycerol as non aqueous polar core solvent and n-heptane as nonpolar hydrocarbon which acts as the dispersion medium. In this study I have used glycerol as nonaqueous polar solvent which was used to create the AOT surfactant core of the reverse micelle and then incorporated silver ion (Ag+) using silver nitrate (AgNO3) salt as precursor material responsible for metal nanoparticle formation. Freshly prepared hydrogen gas (H2) is used as reducing agent to reduce silver ion (Ag+) to silver zero (Ag0) state. Formation and precipitation of large particle was restricted by the cage like templating structure of reverse micelle. I have selected hydrogen gas as reducing agent because of its mild nature and also wanted to minimize the perturbation of natural reverse micelle environment
 
Effect of Panchagavya on Seed Germination, Seedling Growth and Nutrient Content of Some Leafy Vegetables
Get PDFImproving seed germination can result in increased crop production. Various methods have been used and formulated to increase seed germination and growing efficiency of agricultural crops. Seed priming is one of the successful technologies to maximise the natural potential of seeds in the field. In the present study, growth parameters and nutrient contents were studied in the seeds of three different leafy vegetables such as Amaranthus gangeticus, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Trigonella foenum - graecum primed with 1% solution of Panchagavya at different time intervals. The results showed that seed priming with Panchagavya had a significant effect on seed germination, seedling growth and nutrient contents of all the three selected leafy vegetables.
 
Epidemiology of Bipolar Disorder
Get PDFBipolar disorder (BD) is a complex psychiatric mood disorder associated with swinging episodes of mania and depression. Lifetime prevalence of BD is 1% and bipolar spectrum disorder is 2.4%. BD is associated with high rate of premature mortality. Suicidal deaths are familiar in BD compared to general population. Early recognition helps in better treatment of the disorder so as to protect the individual from suicidal thoughts and also from socioeconomic burden.In the present study, epidemiological data was collected from Government Hospital for Mental Care, Visakhapatnam. Most of the patients who attended the hospital belonged to coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh. Of all the mental disorders diagnosed in the hospital, during the period January, 2014 to December, 2018, schizophrenia ranks first with highest number of cases. Regarding BD, more number of males were affected when compared to females. Highest prevalence was observed in 21 -30 years age group. Mania was the most common episode in both the sexes compared to depression.
 
In-Silico Methods for Investigating the Effect of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on the Structure and Function of Proteins
Get PDFSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with diseases and drug response variabilities in humans. Elucidating the damaging and disease-associated SNPs using wet-laboratory approaches can be challenging and resource-demanding due to the large number of SNPs in the human genome. Due to the growth in the field of computational biology and bioinformatics, algorithms have been developed to help screen and filter out the most deleterious SNPs that are worth considering for wet-laboratory studies. This article reviews the existing in-silico based methods used to predict and characterize the effects of SNPs on protein structure and function. This cutting-edge approach will facilitate the search for novel therapeutics, help understand the etiology of diseases and fast-track the personalized medicine agenda.
 
Green synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using different fruit peels and Comparative analysis of their Antifungal activity
Get PDFThe present work aimed to biologically synthesize silver nanoparticles by using the peels of fruits such as Citrus sinensis (Orange) and Punica granatum (Pomegranate) as reducing agents and testing the inhibitory effects of the biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles on two common fungal pathogens of plants- Fusarium sps. and Alternaria sps. The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out using the aqueous peel extracts of the fruits and the formation of silver nanoparticles was visualized from the colour change of the solutions to dark brown. Further characterization of the nanosilver was carried out by UV/Visible spectrophotometry and the size determination of the nanoparticles was done by SEM analysis. Their antifungal activity was tested against the isolates of Fusarium sps. and Alternaria sps. by using in vitro plate assays such as agar well diffusion assay and mycelial plug method. The results showed that both the peel extracts were potent bioreductants and mediated the synthesis of silver nanoparticles in a short time. Further, the biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles could successfully inhibit the growth of both the phytopathogens tested.
 
Screening of Endophytes from Traditionally Used Medicinal Plants of Manipur for Their Antimicrobial Activity: An Impact towards Future Drug Discovery
Get PDFAntimicrobial resistance has been developing fast and continuing to challenge the world medical sector. New strategies are needed to address this challenge that is incurring huge loss on human life. Medicinal plants from the untapped rainforest of the North-East India has a huge potential to find microbes that produce novel biomolecules. Bioactive endophytes were isolated from traditionally used medicinal plants. Paenibacillus spp. from Piscidia spp. in a fermentation broth has shown strong and broad-spectrum of activity at the range of 1600 AU/ml. Unexplored region has huge prospect to find novel biomolecules which can be harvested in scientific, economical and environmentally friendly. Moreover, it has shown that the traditional medicinal plant harboured bioactive. Moreover, it will provide insights into its metabolic potential and ecological role of this species
 
Influence of Rhizospheric Bacteria on Growth and Metal Uptake of Heavy Metal Accumulating Plants-A Review
Get PDFRhizosphere microorganisms harbour the plant accumulators and contribute to the metal extraction process. Out of bacteria and fungi, bacteria were more tolerant to heavy metals than fungi. A variety of bacteria growing in metalliferous soils helps to accumulate metals in plants in their harvestable parts and have the potential to be used for remediation of heavy metal polluted lands called plant-assisted bioremediation. The present review focuson examining the current concepts and published data on the role of rhizosphere processes, heavy metal pollution, degradation,role of rhizodeposits, plant hormones, plant secondary metabolites, siderophores and carboxylic acids and conclude with major controls that may be used for their management in plant-assisted bioremediation.
 
Screening different microbial flora and their enzymatic activities during tea waste composting
Get PDFProper management of solid waste is a major problem in most of the metropolitan areas. Composting is one of the oldest and simplest methods of organic waste stabilization. Composting tea waste is not only an environmental safe method of its disposal but also enhances the growth of the plants as it contains nutrients and tannic acid which create a more fertile environment. In the present study composting of tea waste with variations in type of soil, type of cattle dung and type of tea leaf waste was studied. From this physical, chemical, biological activities and soil enzymes such as cellulase, pectinase, proteases, amylases, xylanase activities were studied in various combinations like black soil, red soil, tea waste, green tea leaves waste along with cow dung, buffalo dung and goat manure in a ratio of 2:2:1 for a time period of 30 days. Analysis of soil with tea waste and cattle dung revealed that compost soil underwent changes in all measured physicochemical, biological and enzymatic parameters like moisture content recorded as 1.6%, highest temperature as 460 C and percentage of microbial population like bacteria as 60% and fungi as 40% were observed in the compost soil. Higher enzyme activities such as protease, pectinase, xylanase were observed with bacterial isolates comparatively with fungal isolates. PGPR activities such as IAA, Siderophore production, phosphate solubilization and organic acid production were also observed. Improved soil microbial and enzyme activities in cattle dung soil is an indication of improvement in soil fertility. Therefore the produced compost can be used to increase the crop yield and simultaneously decreasing the environmental pollution.
 
Screening of Acetamiprid Tolerant Plant Growth Promoting Microorganism
Get PDFIncreased demands for food have also increased the usage of pesticides. A pesticide not only kills the pests and pathogens but it also kills microorganisms that are beneficial to plant. So plant growth promoting microorganisms that are tolerant to pesticides would help to enrich soil microorganisms thus protecting the environment. In the present work four soil samples were collected from agricultural fields where pesticide usage was a regular practice. Acetamiprid tolerant microbes were isolated by using acetamiprid amended minimal agar medium. Streptomyces AT (acetamiprid tolerant) isolate was isolated and its PGPR properties were evaluated. The isolate was found to posses properties like IAA secretion, phosphate solubilisation and siderophore production. Coriandrum sativum (coriander) was used as a model plant for evaluation of plant growth promoting properties of promising isolate, Streptomyces AT. The coriander seedlings were grown in soil inoculated with the AT1 isolate, Control plants were maintained by growing in un-inoculated soil. Root length, shoot length and number of plants were measured after 10 days of sowing. Out of 60 coriander seeds sown in each pot, 25 and 50 seeds got germinated in uninoculated and inoculated soils respectively. The average root length of plants grown in uninoculated and inoculated soils was recorded as 37mm and 59mm respectively. The average shoot length of plants grown in uninoculated and inoculated soils was recorded as 34mm and 64mm respectively.