International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences
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Bioremoval of Mercury )Hg+2(, Copper )Cu+2(, and Lead )Pb+2( from Water by macroalgae; Enteromorpha intestinales
Get PDFBioremoval is an economically and successful technique to take away heavy metals by macroalgae. Enteromorpha intestinales is one of the main species of green macroalgae in the water Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia. It is tested as bioremoving for the three heavy metals; Hg, Cu, and Pb from water. The concentrations solutions of heavy metals have been used in five replicates; Cu (2,4,6,8,10) ppm, Hg (1,2,4,6,8) ppm, and Pb (0.5,1,1.5) ppm with live E. intestinalis. The results were demonstrated that the relative growth was little affected in the three heavy metals concentrations. The removal % and the sorption capacity were more significant with Hg and Cu and lower with Pb. The concentration of heavy metals in dry E. intestinalis was increased with increased concentration of metals in solutions. The bioconcentration; BCF was taken a decreased trend with increased metals. From this study, we can use E. intestinalis for removing the Hg Cu and pb at low concentrations in water pollution.
 
New record of the Roche`s snake blenny Ophidion rochei Müller, 1845 (Ophidiidae, Ophidiiformes) from the Syrian marine waters – Eastern Mediterranean Sea
Get PDFThe recording and classification of the marine fish in Syria , Includes in Syrian national program of Biodiversity , Which was started since thirty years. In March 2019, a single individual of Cusk-eel fish species was caught with benthic trawl in the Ras Albasit, Syrian marine water. Collected species was studied and compared with available literature. This species was identified as a Roche`s snake blenny, Ophidion rochei Müller 1845
A Review on Distribution, Behavior, Population Status, And Conservation Issues of Menelik’s Bush Buck (Tragelaphus Scriptus Menelk)
Get PDFMenelk bush buck (Tragelaphus scriptus Menelk) is medium-sized herbivores. Their population number is confined to a few groups into sub-areas with criteria such as their good relationships and isolation. Anthropogenic disturbance and its impacts on biodiversity pose urgent challenges to biologists as we emphasized throughout this review. The main objective of this work is to review the distribution, behavior, Population status, and conservation issues of Menelk’s bush buck ( Tragelaphus scriptus Menelk). Causes of decrease in numbers seem to be related to the restricted habitat availability due to changes in human agro-pastoral activities, which resulted mainly in reduced day-cover availability and possibly reduced food base. This review concludes the basic aspects of Menelk bush buck distribution, ecology, nutritional habits and evaluates the main threats and destruction of Menelk bush buck management. Menelk bush buck seem to do well in moderately modified agro-systems with non- invasive human activities.
 
Role of Sanger’s reagent on Vorticella stalk contraction performance
Get PDFVorticella stalk contraction is a new type of machinery exhibited positive role for Sanger’s reagent in acidic medium. These range of acidic medium changes contraction frequency of the stalks up to the limited range of chemical reactions by the path and patterns of structural modification of stalks throughout the length of their extension. The ROS generated by the applied Sanger’s reagent in different concentration gradients slowed down the rate of contraction but unable to stop metabolic path and patterns of protein folding. Thus the experimental conclusion exhibited reversible physiological regulation of contraction in less acidic medium with extra-ordinary future applications in terms of advanced bio-molecular software utilisations.
 
Hepatitis B Surface Antibody (HBSAB) and Co-Inffection with Malaria Parasite in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
Get PDFHepatitis B virus (HBV) and malaria are two major diseases of public health importance in Nigeria. This study determined the prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb), malaria parasites and their co-infection among 323 consented outpatients attending Government Hospital Benin City, Nigeria. Microscopic method was used for malaria parasites detection, while Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used for HBV. Also a well-structured questionnaires was used to collect data on sociodemographic, risk factors of disease from participants. Out of a total of 323 patients, 157(49.0%) were tested positive to (HBsAb), 289(89.5%) to malaria parasites and a co-infection of 139(43.0%). Age related prevalence showed that age group 30-39 had the most attendance and the highest prevalence of 44(13.6%) to HBsAb and 86(26.6%) to malaria parasite (P > 0.05). Demographic related prevalence showed that malaria and HBsAb was more prevalent in females than males. The high prevalence of HBsAb, malaria and co-infection among the study population imply that these infections are a threats to the human health. Health awareness programs for Hepatitis B and its vaccination should be encourage.
 
Histological Structure of the Sclera in Three Species of Birds which Differ in Nutrition Nature
Get PDFThe present study dealt with the histological structure of the sclera in three species of birds that differ in their feeding, environmental, and classification. The birds were the sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus (carnivorous), the starling Sturnus vulgaris (Omnivorous), and zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata (granivorous). By using light microscopes, as well as the histological sections, had been stained with five different stains. The results of the sclera showed that it composed of collagenous fibers and hyaline cartilage with internal and external membranes the inner membrane appeared that they lined with pigment cells that differ in their density between the three species. The sclera appeared developed in the three species, but it more developed in the sparrowhawk. The most important results that appeared in this tunica, that the cartilage in both sparrowhawk and starling were separated in some parts of the eyeball by collagenous fibers and appeared the cartilage in sparrowhawk separated in some parts of the eyeball by blood vessels, as well as the cartilage contained pores which interspersed by blood vessels. While in the zebra finch, the cartilage was appeared in some regions separated by the blood canal. The cartilage ossifies in its connection area with the cornea in the sparrowhawk to form sclera bones, which not observed in the other two species. The cartilage also ossifies near the optic nerve to form optic nerve bone in both sparrowhawk and starling these not found in the zebra finch.
 
A Flow Virometry Process for Detection of SARS-Cov-2 Proposed for Large-Scale Screening of COVID-19 Cases
Get PDFThe coronavirus disease, COVID 19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly over 210 countries and declared as pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO). WHO also emphasized on scaling-up testing capacity, followed by isolation of infected individuals, and contact tracing, as the "backbone" of managing the pandemic. Globally, the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in patients are done by RT-PCR and blood antibody-based testing. However, immediate expansion of the scale of screening is very important to cover major fraction of 1.3 billion population of India. We, therefore, propose a flow-cytometry based high-throughput screening systems for testing of COVID 19 cases. The swab-samples in viral transport media could be analyzed using ?indirect flow cytometry?, where virus particle binds to specific primary antibody and the resulted virus-antibody complex then binds to a fluorescent tagged secondary antibodies. The fluorescence signal can distinguish on a flow-channel to identify viral load in a test sample. In the present article, we have summarized a flow-virometry process for detection of various viruses and have proposed possible application of the process in screening of COVID 19.
 
Indoor Air Quality in College Laboratories: Exposure to Airborne Fungi
Get PDFThe present study was undertaken to identify and find out the airborne viable fungi and their concentrations in indoor environment of college laboratories. Air sampling was conducted in Chemistry, Zoology, Botany, and Geology laboratories by using Hi-Air Sampler (Hi-media LA-002); two media strips were used for isolation of airborne fungi (PS-290 & PS-640). The average counts of total fungi isolated on two media strips were recorded maximum in chemistry laboratory (4088 CFU/m3), followed by Botany (2681 CFU/m3), Zoology laboratory (2300 CFU/m3), and the lowest recorded in geology laboratory (1622 CFU/m3). While comparing the total CFU counts of isolated fungi on two media strips, the maximum counts were recorded on PS-640 media strips (13618.75 CFU/m3), and (9,637.50 CFU/m3) recorded on PS-290 media strips. In chemistry laboratory total 31 species isolated along with Yeast and Non-sporulating fungi, followed by 29 species from Botany laboratory, 26 from Zoology and only 17 species from Geology laboratory. The total fungal counts of all the fungal species isolated from the studied laboratories were considered and found maximum CFU counts of Curvularia clavata, which is most predominant species followed by the species of Cladosporium herbarum, Curvularia geniculata, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Alternaria solani, Curvularia lunata, Yeasts, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium lutem, Penicillium purpurogenum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium glabrum, Alternaria brassicicola, Alternaria tenuissima, Curvularia brachyspora, Rhizopus, Mucor, and Cladosporium oxysporum.
 
Diversity, Status and Abundance of Avian fauna in and around Jalna Urban, M.S., India
Get PDFThe present study conducted to investigate the diversity, distribution, status and abundance of Avian fauna in and around Jalna urban. We surveyed Wetland (Lakes, Ponds), Kundlika river, Forest, Grassland and Agriculture areas from June 2018 to December 2019. The result of present study reveals total 97 species of birds belonged to 48 families. Highest number 68 of bird species observed from agricultural areas, 57 species from forest areas, 41 species from Kundalika River and 32 species from wetlands. According to Status of birds 72 (74.22%) birds’ species were residential, 9 (9.27%) were winter migrant, some 12 (12.37%) local migrant and 4 (4.12%) found passage migrants. Considering abundance, 43 (44.32%) birds’ species were commonly seen, 18 (18.55%) species were very common, 27 (27.83%) species were not rare but not common whereas 9 (9.27%) species were rare. Winter migrant species were Greater flamingoes, Eurassian spoonbills, Painted stork, Bar headed goose, Barn swallow, Common sandpiper, Ruddy shelduck. Rare species of bird in Jalna were Common hoopoe, spotted owlet, Wooly necked stork and Yellow fronted woodpecker, Indian Grey hornbill. For conservation point of view there is need of time to protect forest areas and wetlands through proper administration and legislation. Beside plantation of bird attracting plants and development of new habitat may lead to increase in the species richness in the district.
 
Analysis of Hydroxyproline in Femur of Common Toad for Alteration in Collagen Content by Triiodothyronine
Get PDFStrength and flexibility of bone came from collagen fibres having crosslinkings. Thyroid hormones have wide scope of impacts on bone tissue. For deciding the nature of bone framework, thyroid hormones are crucial, yet how it is indistinct. Prior examinations recommend that, T3 controls collagen articulation which is portion subordinate and has additionally consequences for collagen crosslinkings. Hypothyroidism causes impaired bone formation and growth retardation where as hyperthyroidism may halt the synthesis of collagen and decreased bone mass. Hydroxyproline and hydroxyllysine are essential for the collagen cross linking and strength of the bone. Examination of hydroxyproline status can be considered as an index of collagen metabolism. As common toad(Duttaphyrnus melanostictus) is studied extensively to gain an elementary knowledge on the anatomy of vertebrates, the above species was used as the experimental organism. The hydroxyproline contents in the femur bone of the experimental and controlled samples were calculated by using Neuman and Logan (1950) method modified by Leach (1960) and values were converted to collagen contents by multiplying with the factor 7.46 as suggested by Jackson and Cleary (1967).From the above values the total collagen content and solubility % were calculated in both control and experimental groups at two different doses of Triiodothyronin(2.0µg/gm&0.5µg/gm). There was no significant outcomes but the % of solubility and ratio of soluble to insoluble has increased insignificantly more at 2.0µg/gm.