International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences
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A study on natural phytochemicals and antiviral drugs to combat the deadly covid-19- an in silico approach
Get PDFNovel coronavirus (COVID-19) cases were first reported in Wuhan, Hubei province of China and have since spread all over the world. The virus is spreading rapidly by human to human transmission despite serious precautions, threatening a pandemic that will affect billions of people. Currently there are no vaccines, monoclonal antibodies or drugs available for SARS-CoV-2. There is an urgent need to identify antiviral compounds that can combat the effects of this deadly virus. In this review, an effort is taken to perform molecular docking of some natural phytochemicals to 2019-nCoV spike receptor-binding domain. The docking studies were carried out in Autodock 4.2.6 and the drug likeness properties were predicted using SwissADME webserver. The results revealed that quercetin (-8.71 Kcal/mol) and theaflavin (-7.36 Kcal/mol) from Camellia sinensis had best binding scores with 2019-nCoV spike receptor-binding domain.
 
Seasonal variation of Helminth Parasites in Fresh Water Fishes of Sauwan Nallah of Balrampur, U.P., India
Get PDFFresh water fishes carry heavy infection of helminth parasites. Infection of these parasites may be result in poor growth, postpone sexual maturity and mortality of fishes, and cause human and animal diseases. In the present study fish species Channa punctatus , Clarias batrachus and Heteropneustes fossilis were collected from Sauwan Nallah throughout the year to assess the population dynamic of parasites helminth. The result of the present investigation shows that the prevalence, intensity, density and index of helminth parasite infection were highest in summer moderate in winter and minimum in monsoon season. In the present investigation 12 genera belonging to different groups of parasitic helminthes were identified. Out of 12 genera, 4 belong to cestode, 3 to trematods and 5 to nematods. The results indicated that climatic conditions are directly or indirectly influences the intensity of parasitic infection
 
Anti-biofilm Potential of Biosurfactant Isolated from Lactobacillus Spp. Against Biofilms of Candida Spp.
Get PDFWork is focused to study the anti-biofilm activities possessed by various strains of Lactobacillus spp. over pathogenic Candida spp. Liquid-liquid extraction of the centrifuged Lactobacillus spp. in an equiratio of supernatant and ethyl acetate followed by evaporation of the solvent gives crude form of the biosurfactant. Pre-coating of the Candida spp. samples measure the percentage adhesion on the walls of 96-well microtiter plates at four different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.125 and 0.2 g/ml) of the extracted biosurfactant. Findings reveal that the isolates inhibit (~75%) the adhesion of Candida cells. Conducting the pre-coating method at 0.2 g/mL of crude biosurfactant of the 10-5Cb1 isolate reduced (~93%) the cell adhesion of Candida spp. However, few of the Lactobacillus isolates reduced (~90%) adhesion of Candida cells.
 
Enhancement of Germination and Seedling Health of Rice by Seed Treatment with Antagonist Fungi
Get PDFGermination and seedling health is important for effective crop establishment. Application of Aspergillus spp. and Trichoderma spp. is the alternative way of intensified germination and healthy seedling production in the crop field. Rice seeds were coated with a spore mass of antagonists showed a significant increase in seed germination and healthy seedlings production compared to the control. At the same time leaf infection, collar infection, root infection, and seedling blight symptoms also decreased remarkably. The highest germination and healthy seedling were recorded 80.33% and 74.37% respectively by T. harzianum treatment. Seeds were subjected to soaking with three water-based culture filtrates (30%, 50%, and 70%) obtained from both three species of Aspergillus and Trichoderma (A. flavus, A. niger, A. terreus, T. viride, T. harzianum, T. hamatum) for 6, 12 and 24 hours. The highest reduction of fungal associations and increased germination was observed 36% and 79.33% respectively in T. harzianum treatment compared to untreated control. The effect was more prominent at the highest dose (70%) and the maximum seed soaking period (24 hours). Apart from all antagonist treatments test fungicide Tilt 250 EC depicted excellent control effect (22.0%). A. niger and T. harzianum were found more potent in reducing seed-borne fungal association as well as improved germination and seedling health.
 
Cellulosic Textile Pretreatment Application with Alkali Active Catalase from Serratia marcescens
Get PDFPreliminary treatment is a process for the extract of natural and added adulteration present in textile fibres to enhance the absorbency. Cotton pretreatment formula includes the Sodium hydroxide, and Hydrogen peroxide to eliminate the non-cellulosic polluting influences and characteristic shading matter. Hydrogen peroxide was profoundly utilized as a fading operator in the pretreatment of cellulosic and protein filaments. The lingering peroxide must be eliminated before the texture was exposed to coloring since it may meddle with the coloring cycle. Hence, compound peroxide executioners were utilized to get the texture before coloring eliminate the leftover peroxide. As another contagious catalase was utilized for killing the leftover peroxide, which acts just at acidic pH. This current investigation uncovers the utilization of catalase by Serratia marcescens, which has action on both acidic and antacid pH. The higher movement of catalase was screened by utilizing various mediums. Reactor preliminaries were performed to discover the specific boundaries for the creation of high catalase movement with low pigmentation and for medium advancement. Compound steadiness was concentrated by utilizing diverse pH and temperatures to plan the material application measure by utilizing catalase as a neutralizer to decrease steps and spare vitality.
 
Study on the Seeds Germination and Biochemical Parameters (Chlorophyll, Proline, and Ascorbic Acid) of Soybean & Chickpea under the Influence of Heavy Metal (CD) Stress
Get PDFIn the world population, the industrial & environmental pollution, and chemical toxicity raising. High speed industrialization and urbanization processes has show to the synthesis of pollutants such as pesticides, salt , petroleum products, acids and heavy metals in the natural resources. These pollutants affects both plants and animals. Heavy metals as well as lead, nickel, cadmium, copper, and mercury are important environmental factors that cause toxic effects on plants and animals. Here , we are study about Cadmium (Cd). It is possess dangerous threats on the agro-ecosystems. Cd act as a poisonous effect on the physiology of plants. In this review, we have summarized the effects of different concentrations (0, 100 ppm, 200 ppm ,and 400ppm) of heavy metal (Cd) on germination process of seeds and biochemical parameters i.e., (chlorophyll, proline, and ascorbic acid) of soybean & chickpea. In our experiment the data revealed that higher concentration (200ppm) of Cd increase the levels of proline and ascorbic acid, but decrease the chlorophyll content in leaf of soybean & chickpea plant. While this report exist on , heavy metal (Cd) act as stress for plants life , and how plants responses to overcome. The future scope of this work remains in dig out the signaling mechanisms in germinating seeds in response to any heavy metal stress.
 
The Activities of Rhizosphere Bacteria in Improving the Growth of Habanero Pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) and Soil Fertility
Get PDFPlant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) enhances plant growth by direct and indirect mechanisms, making them a good alternative to chemical fertilizers. Rhizosphere soil were collected and bacteria were isolated from them. The bacterial isolates obtained were screened for their ability to enhance the growth of plants. Those with the best activity were used to inoculate the seeds of the pepper plant before planting in an experimental plot. The plant growth parameters and the physico-chemical properties of the soil used were monitored before and after the experiment. Sixteen bacterial isolates belonging to Azospirillum spp., Pseudomonas spp., Aeromonas spp., and Bacillus spp. were obtained from the rhizosphere of habanero pepper plant. In all the bacterial isolates, Azospirillum brasilense C1 had the highest nitrogen fixed (0.002%), Pseudomonas putida P4 and Bacillus subtilis A2 had the largest zones of clearance of 4mm and 8mm, respectively. Plants inoculated with isolates had the highest growth, biomass, yield, and mineral nutrient content. T4 (Azospirillum brasilense C1 + Pseudomonas putida P4) had the highest values in root length, leaf length, leaf width, shoot length, number of fruit, and plant dry weight of 13.86cm, 8.69cm, 5.69cm, 18.43cm, 2.67 and 0.29g, respectively, over uninoculated controls. Soil treated with T7 (Azospirillum brasilense C1 + Pseudomonas putida P4 + Bacillus subtilis A2) had the highest mineral content compared to soil treated with chemicals. Thus, combined rhizobacteria inoculants inoculated into habanero pepper seeds are suitable for excellent growth and performance of habanero pepper plant and also for improving soil fertility.
 
Optimization of carbohydrate production by Chlorella minutissima under laboratory conditions
Get PDFThe global change in climate, the rising price of oil and the rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves forced governments, scientists and researchers to invest in alternative energy sources, including wind and solar energy and biofuels. Microalgae are considered as the most promising renewable feedstock for biofuel production and biore-fineries, due to their advantages of fast growth, efficient carbon dioxide fixation, not competing for arable lands and potable water, and potentially accumulating high amounts of lipids and carbohydrates. Chlorella minutissima, microalgae, is a promising source of biomolecules, especially carbohydrates, for commercial exploitation. The present study is an attempt to optimize the culture conditions to enhance the intra- and extracellular carbohydrates in C. minutissima. The optimization experiment used the variations in photoperiod, turbulence, pH conditions as well as different media compositions. The results showed that a photoperiod of 12 h to 8 h of shaking and pH of 8.0 are best suited for optimal carbohydrate concentration, which can be increased from 28.2 % for intracellular and 24.3 % for extracellular carbohydrate on dry basis up to 45.6% and 40.3% for intra- and extracellular carbohydrate % respectively, showing 150% yield under optimized conditions. Among different media used, bold Basel media proved to be the best among others
Effect of Unani Medicine in Iltehab-e-Jild Huzaazi (Seborrheic Dermatitis) of Head: A case study
Get PDFIltihab-e-Jild Huzazi (IJH) or Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a mild inflammatory disorder of skin that mainly affects scalp. Central face nasolabial folds, eyebrows and central chest are other commonly affected areas in adults. It is due to Pityrosporum ovale infection of the skin. According to Unani system of medicine IJH is due to predominance of certain humors at the site of balgham (phlegm) and sauda (black bile).Here in we report a case of Iltihab-e-Jild Huzazi and reduction in sign and symptoms following treatment with Pharmacopoeial Unani medicine Habb Musaffi Khoon along with a proprietary medicine Eczenil ointment. There is almost complete clearance of scaly patches on the head after the treatment for 15 days with this combination. It may be concluded that the above combination may be used as a cost effective and safe treatment option for IJH (SD).
 
Comparative Study on Cultivation of Oyster Mushrooms using Nutrition Enhancing Substrates
Get PDFMushrooms are heterotrophic organisms which require external nutritive substrates for their growth. This study compares the efficiency of different substrates (agricultural wastes such as oil cakes, bagasse, hay, saw dust, banana leaves etc.) on growth, yield and nutritional composition of oyster mushroom-Pleurotus ostreatus. Of the 14 different substrate combinations tried in this study, only 5 combinations successfully fruited with oyster mushrooms. The test substrates Hay (H), Sawdust (S), Hay + Banana leaves (H+BL, 1:1), Sawdust + Banana leaves (S+BL, 1:1), Hay + Sawdust + Banana leaves (H+S+BL, 1:1:1) gave good yield. Supplementation with banana leaves enhanced the yield of oyster mushrooms and protein content to a great extent. Protein content in oyster mushrooms from (H+S+BL) substrate was found to be 6.09g/100g, which was significant and considerably higher compared to other test substrates. There was also significant difference in the cropping period of mushrooms produced from 5 successful test substrates, ranging from a minimum of 26 days (H+BL) to a maximum of 46 days (H). Total yield produced by (S) and (H+S+BL) was higher than other substrates. The present study demonstrates that banana leaves are also efficient as a substrate along with conventional hay and sawdust. Apart from comparing various substrates on their efficiency, this study also has shown that available agricultural residues can be efficiently used for oyster mushroom cultivation as a cost effective and ecofriendly alternative. This study has demonstrated that minimum alternate substrate inputs can give high quality and good yield of oyster mushrooms.