International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences
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Prevalence and Factors associated with Nutritional Status and Individual Level Double Burden of Malnutrition among School Going Adolescents of Bangladesh: Findings from Global School-based Student Health Survey-2014
Get PDFCo-occurrence of two forms of malnutrition (undernutrition and over nutrition) is increasing within communities, families and even individuals through the rapid nutrition and food system transition. This study focused on investigating the extent of malnutrition including individual level double burden and associated factors influencing malnutrition amid school going adolescents of Bangladesh using 2014 Bangladesh GSHS survey data. HAZ and BAZ were used to examine the extent of malnutrition (stunting, thinness and overweight) among school going adolescents of Bangladesh. We also examined individual level double burden (coexistence of stunting and overweight at individual level). Logistic regression model was used to explore the determinants of malnutrition. Mean age, weight and height of study participants were 14.16±0.98 years, 46.09±8.29 kg and 156.97±9.1 cm respectively. 14.2%(95%CI:14.17,14.24) were stunted, 11.1%(95%CI:11.08,11.13) were thin or underweight and 10.5%(95%CI:10.42,10.59) were overweight. Individual level double burden was identified among 2.6%(95%CI:2.59-2.62) adolescents. Prevalence of stunting was significantly lower among younger adolescents, while other 2 forms of malnutrition among older adolescents was significantly higher. Odds of being stunted was 22.7% (OR=1.227, p<0.001) higher for boys, while being female gender was identified as a risk factors for other two measures. Household food insecurity was significantly correlated with stunting (OR=1.408, p<0.001) and thinness (OR=1.031, p<0.001). Furthermore, Regular soft drink consumption (OR=1.12, p<0.001) was related to overweight and regular fast-food consumption was significantly associated with thinness (OR=1.23, p<0.001). The study emphasized concurrency of undernutrition and over nutrition among school going adolescents that is a new experience for us. No single intervention can mitigate double burden of malnutrition. Major societal shifts are essential regarding nutrition and public health
Ethnomedicinal Survey of Plants Used for Oral and Dental Healthcare in Sivagangai District, Tamil Nadu, Southern India
Get PDFThe present research was conducted to enumerate the medicinal usage of plants followed by the residents of various locations in Sivagangai district of Tamil Nadu as potential drug leads for the treatment of oral and dental care. Ethnomedicinal survey was conducted from September 2019 to February 2020 among 60 key informants to gather information on medicinal plants used as a treatment for oral and dental care. Quantitative ethnomedicinal data was obtained from Use Value (UV), Citation Frequency (CF) and Family Importance Value (FIV). Present documentation enumerated the uses of 24 medicinal plants comes under 22 genera of 16 families. Trees (12 species, 50.0%) were most preferably used in the treatment of oral and dental medicine and twigs were the most commonly used plant part (41.38%). Azadirachta indica was found with highest UV (1.00) and CF (9.53) with 60 use reports. Meliaceae was recorded with highest FIV (161.66). Like this documentation, more ethnobotanical studies should be carried out before the traditional knowledge of indigenous people vanishes.
 
Role of Dieto-Therapy in Weight and Dyslipidemia Management - A Case Study
Get PDFDyslipidemia is a common problem among the young generation of India due to dependency on fast and junk food. It is a major cause of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular disease. Great physician of Unani medical system (UMS) were also aware about the concept of Dusumat-e-dam (lipid in blood/dyslipidemia) etc. They described four types of treatment modalities; dieto-therapy is one of them. The present paper is a case report of a young Muslim male whose lipid profile showed high levels of Cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, Blood pressure, etc. Ilaj bil Ghiza (Dieto-therapy) is a unique therapy in Unani system, the treatment is done by modulation in dietary habits, i.e. fasting, use of food stuff in more quantity having less nutritional value or less quantity having more nutrients or vice versa. The nutritional needs of body according to demand has been maintain and pharmacotherapy has been avoided to protect the body from any side and adverse action. After one month of change in diet pattern in terms of quality and quantity his lipid profile become normal level. It may be concluded that the concept of dieto-therapy in UMS has solid base to prove safe and effective in the weight and dyslipidemia management
Nephroprotective Unani drug Khar-e-Khasak Khurd (Tribulus terrestris Linn.) - A review
Get PDFThe aim of the present review is to collect the information of Khar-e-Khasak Khurd (KKK) (Tribulus terrestris Linn) available in Unani classical literature, phyto-chemical and pharmacological studies and Unani formulations in which it is used as an ingredient also make an effort to prove the strength of action of drug mentioned in Unani classical literature. This information will give the research question and guidance to researchers and students for future research. Unani classical Literature was search from recent to past available in different libraries of India, for phyto-chemical and pharmacological activities texts and computerized databases such as Medline, Pubmed, Ovid SP, Google Scholar and Science-direct were searched to identify all phyto-chemical, experimental and clinical trials carried out to prove the importance of KKK. All the information on the plant available in Urdu, Persian, Arabic and studies published in English language and abstract available were included. Total seventeen Unani classical books were referred and more than thirty pharmacological actions were recognized. Most of them prove the claims of Unani scholars’ e.g. Nephroprotective, Aphrodisiac, diuretics, anti-inflammatory, lithotriptic etc. many more needs to be proved on current scientific parameters to establish the claims of Unani scholar of a wonderful drug.
 
Comparative Anatomical Study of the Eye in Three Different Birds
Get PDFThe present study investigated the comparative anatomy of the eye in three types of birds that differ in the nature, environment and categories. These birds are the Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus (from carnivores), the Common starling Sturnus vulgaris (from omnivorous) and the spotted sparrow Taeniopygia guttata (from Grainivorous). The results showed that the eye in three types of the birds was spherical or semi-spherical . In sparrowhawk, however, is larger than the other two types in terms of size. In the starling is larger than the spotted sparrow relative to the size of the body. The eye is located on the sides of the head in the three birds, but in different position. The basic structure of the eyeball in the three types is relatively similar, and appeared to consist of three tunics: the fibrous tunic (the sclera) altered at the front of the cornea, the second tunica is the Uvea which contains three parts including choroid, the ciliary body and iris, while the third tunic is the retina. , in addition number of structures that do not belong to any of the previous tunics, they are the lens, optic nerve, and pectin oculi. The iris located behind the cornea with an orange color appeared in the sparrowhawk and with a black color in the starling, while in the spotted sparrow was a dark brown color, as the area of the optic nerve exit from the eye differed in the three birds
In Vitro Propagation of Endangered Medicinal Plant Ormocarpum Sennoides (Willd.) DC From Internodal Segments
Get PDFAn efficient regeneration protocol was established for in vitro propagation through direct and indirect regeneration of Ormocarpum sennoides from internodal explants. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of 6-benzyladenine amino purine (BAP), 2, 4 Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and Napthalene acetic acid (NAA) either alone or in combinations. Indirect regeneration, MS medium supplemented with D1: BAP 2.5 mg/L has shown the highest regeneration percentage of 88.9% with shoot length of 8.36 cm and root length of 1.52 cm. In indirect regeneration I4: BAP 2.0 mg/L + IAA 3.0 mg/L has shown the highest callus induction percentage of 86.7% and maximum callus weight of 1.03g. The highest frequency of shoot regeneration (68.3%) with maximum shoot length (3.53 cm) was observed in MS medium supplemented with IS5: BAP 3.5 mg/L. The highest frequency of root regeneration (56.1%) with maximum root length (1.53 cm) was observed in MS medium supplemented with IR5: IAA 2.5 mg/L + NAA 1.0 mg/L. The in vitro derived rooted plantlets were successfully hardened and were acclimatized in the greenhouse
Prescription Pattern of Antihypertensives And Factors Associated With The Control of Blood Pressure Among Hypertensive Patients Receiving Care In A Nigerian Tertiary Hospital.
Get PDFHypertension undoubtedly is the leading cause of cardiovascular death worldwide. The study aimed to identify the prescription pattern of antihypertensive and factors associated with the control of blood pressure among hypertensive patients receiving care in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital. The study was a retrospective cross sectional study carried out at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku/Ozalla, Enugu State Nigeria. A well Structured Pro-forma was used to extract variables from patient folders. These variables include Age, gender, marital status, religion, state of origin, educational level, occupation, Blood Pressure, age at first dose of antihypertensive, co-morbidities (diabetes, CKD), antihypertensive(s) used, duration of therapy, reasons for stopping (if stopped). Quantitative data was managed using Microsoft office excel and statistical product and services solution (SPSS) for windows. Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± SD and categorical variables as percentages with 95% confidence intervals. The students’t-test and the paired sample t-test were used to compare continuous variables while the pearson chi square test and fishers exact test will be used to compare categorical variables. All statistical test will be considered significant when the 2- sided p-value is <0.05.Three hundred and Ninety patient Folders were used for the study. About 174 (42.4%) of the patients were male while 216 (52.7%) were female with a mean age of 62 years. Amlodipine with a frequency of 182 (64%) was the most prescribed antihypertensive in this study followed by losartan 182 (46.43%) and the least being atenolol and nebivolol with frequency of 4 (1.03%) each. 302 (94.4%) patients had hypertension and an existing comorbidity while 88(22.6%) had no comorbidities. The most common comorbidities were diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease.About 197 (50.3%) of the patients had their blood pressure under control while 193(49.7%) had uncontrolled blood pressure. Age, Monthly income, educational status and presence of comorbidity were the major predictors of uncontrolled blood pressure. Amlodipine was the most frequently prescribed antihypertensive. About half of the patient had their blood pressure uncontrolled. Age and monthly income were associated with uncontrolled blood pressure
A Search of COVID-19 main Protease Inhibitor from Plant Derived Alkaloids using Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine as Reference: An In-silico Approach
Get PDFCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that causes respiratory illness in human and has now become a major challenge for all over the world. As no drug is approved yet for COVID-19, it is strongly demanding to search lead compounds. Therefore, the current investigation is an attempt to screen lead molecule for inhibition of Covid-19 main protease. Herein, we considered 98 plant derived alkaloids having antimalarial activity, quinine and docked with COVID-19 main protease taking Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine as reference. Finally, compounds Bidebiline E, Bisnordihydrotoxiferine and Thalifaberine were screened as lead molecule on the basis of Moldock score, H-bond interaction and ADMET study, and recommended for in vitro investigation.
 
Taxonomic study of Black-flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) larvae in Al Arab River (Lattakia, Syria)
Get PDFBlack-flies larvae samples were collected monthly from one fixed site in AL Arab river (Lattakia, Syria) for a year during the period from December 2017 till October 2018. Slides were prepared and morphological characteristics of last-instar larvae (matured) and pupae were used to determine the classification of species. As a result, eleven species (Metacnephia persica; Prosimulium tomosvaryi; Simulium. (Eusimulium) angustipes; S. (welhelmia) pseudoequinum; S. (simulium) kiritshenkoi; S. (Obuchovia) auricuma; S. (Simulium) trifasciatum; S.( Nevermannia) ruficorne; S. (Eusimulium) aureum; S. (Eusimulium) . sp and S. (welhelmia) paraequinum) belonging to three genera (Metacnephia , Prosimulium and Simulium) were reported, ten species of them were reported for the first time in Syria. This is the first study of black-flies larvae taxonomy in Syria.
 
Impact of sodium nitrate on astaxanthin production in green micro- alga Haematococcus pluvialis under laboratory condition
Get PDFThere is currently much interest in biological active compound derived from natural resources, especially compounds that can efficiently act on molecular targets, which are involved in various diseases. Astaxanthin is a xanthophyll carotenoid which is found in various micro-organisms and marine animals. astaxanthin is used as a pigment in aquaculture and food industries and has application in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical due to its high antioxidant activity. In addition, astaxanthin has important metabolic function including enhancement of immune reponses and protection against disease such as cancer. Haematococcus pluvialis is the richest source of natural astaxanthin and is now cultivated at industrial scale. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to observe the production of astaxanthin at different concentration of Nitrogen in Haematococcus pluvialis. The experiment was conducted for 18 days and data were analyzed at the interval of 2 days, the maximum concentration of carotenoid was recorded in Haematococcus pluvialis is 1.646µgmL-1 on 8th day at 20mM concentration of Sodium Nitrate.