International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences
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Successive Treatment of Chromium Contaminated Water by Indian Siris
Get PDFChromium (Cr) shows hazardous effects and potential toxicity in water. A major significance lies in the exclusion of Cr (VI) from contaminated aqueous solution for a hygienic surroundings and wellbeing. Numerous methods for hazardous metal ions subtraction from an assortment of dissipated water sources embrace biosorption, chemical, membrane, electric, and photocatalytic-based treatments. This work observed the significance of utilizing an inexpensive bio-adsorbent Albizia lebbeck (Indian Siris) in Chromium contaminated waters. The batch experiment showed the impact of preliminary Cr (VI) concentration, adsorbent quantity, pH, temperature, contact time, and mixing speed on the biosorption of chromium (Cr) by the seed of Indian Siris. Langmuir`s adsorption isotherm and Freundlich`s isotherm model examined the effectiveness of organic and inorganic compounds on various adsorbents at equilibrium. Batch investigations were performed for material removal by adsorbents and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) for heavy metal analysis. The adsorbed amount showed the difference between the initial and final concentrations of the Chromium ion in an aqueous solution (mg/L). The biosorption capability was pH-dependent and increased with a boost in the initial concentration of adsorbate. During the early stages, the metal-binding rate with the biomass was more predominant, which gradually decreased and became steady after equilibrium. The high availability of Indian Siris (seed) behaves as a suitable adsorbent in removing the Cr metal under different conditions.
 
Resistance Profile and Plasmid Characteristics in MDR Escherichia Coli Isolates from Patients with Gut and Urinary Tract Infections in Lafia, Nigeria
Get PDFEscherichia coli is a prevalent microorganism responsible for gastrointestinal (GIT) and urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients attending health facilities all over the world. The study determined the plasmids profile of multi-drug resistant (MDR) E. coli from urine and fecal samples. Of the 300 samples analyzed using microbiological techniques, E. coli identified were screened for antibiotic susceptibility, and the plasmid DNA of resistant isolates was extracted and amplified on PCR. Obtained E. coli were mostly resistant to ampicillin (79.2%) in stool and 82.0% in urine samples while imipenem had the best activity against the bacterium 18.0% (urine) and 9.4% in stool samples. Fifteen resistance patterns were obtained from the different classes of antibiotics tested against E. coli from the stool and 14 from the urine samples. Isolates U15 and U16 had 3 plasmids each 7000, 4200, 2500, 10000, 3500, and 2000 respectively to make them resistant isolates with the highest number. The study concluded that E. coli from fecal and urine samples of patients presenting infections of gastrointestinal and urinary tracts in Lafia, Nigeria contains plasmid DNA responsible for the multi-drug resistance.
 
Bacteria Associated With Health-Care Acquired Infections from Two Selected Hospitals in Kano Nigeria
Get PDFHealth-Care acquired infections cause menace to public health most especially the missed potentials among them which tends to be resisting the activity of therapeutic drugs used against them and in spite, causes greater menace to the integrity of the health and in turn burden the quality of life leading to high morbidity and morbidity rate. A sum of 150 samples of wound, urine and blood were obtained from patients with a clinical evidence of Health-Care acquired infections as described by NNIS. The entire sample were cultured on their respective culture media and then passed for biochemical tests, followed by Antibiotics susceptibility testing using disk diffusion method according to the guideline of the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute. We found that, Gram-positive cocci namely S. aureus, Strep sp. and CoNS were the bacteria associated with Health care acquired infections. Wound swab site tends to be the most frequent site of infection with S. aureus as the most predominant species. However, Gram-positive were found to be resistant to cefuroxime while Gram-negative were sensitive to Cefoxitin with Imipinem having the highest activities against all the bacteria.
 
Comparative Study of Physicochemical and Microbiological Parameters of Water from Rawal Dam and its Silt Control Tank
Get PDFWater plays a vital role on this planet it is a very important factor in the living of almost every species. Water resource has been depleted, exploit, and polluted day by day due to exposure to different hazardous contaminants and misuse of water. Urbanization and increase in population increase the risk of deterioration of water quality of water resources. This study was conducted on physicochemical and microbiological analysis to determine the water quality of Rawal dam, its tributaries, and their comparison with the water quality of the silt control tank of Rawal dam which is the WASA filtration tank. The main objectives of this research water are to access the water quality parameters which are consumed by the public and to find out whether these parameters are complying with the standards given or not. Water samples were collected from the main Rawal dam, and from its tributaries that are entering the dam. All five water samples were analyzed separately to get the results and were compared with water quality standards prescribed by World Health Organization (WHO) and Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency. The samples were collected in sterilized plastic bottles during October and November 2019. Physicochemical and Biological parameters (pH, Temperature, Turbidity, ORP, EC, Salts, Total Hardness, Total alkalinity, Carbonates, Chlorides, Calcium, Magnesium, Total and Fecal coliform) were analyzed at the Chemistry Lab of Bahria University Islamabad campus. Despite, most of the parameters from upstream to the main dam exceeding the standards, most of the parameters of Dam samples and all parameters of WASA water samples were within the permissible limits given by WHO and the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency. Microbiological analysis showed that the water samples contain high microbial counts of different pathogens like Salmonella, Shigella, and Total Coliforms in the Dam and its tributaries as compared to the WASA filtration plant (silt control tank). It is recommended to the regulatory authorities to analyze, inspect and monitor the drinking water quality regularly and it needs immediate attention of governmental bodies and public participation.
 
Studying of Some Biological Characteristics of Horse Mackerel Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Syrian Waters (Eastern Mediterranean)
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to estimate the age, the growth rate and the length – weight relationship of Horse Mackerel (T.trachurus). Around 401 individuals of this species were collected and analyzed from two sites of the Syrian Coast: with 198 individuals from the Ras Albasit and 203 individuals from the Burj Islam. The standard lengths of individuals in samples were 11.4-25.4 cm with average of 17.71± 2.76 cm, and weights were 23.53 - 301.03g with average of 111.23±36.52g. Age was estimated by the scales, applied length-weight relationship: and used Von-Bertalanffy growth equation : to estimate (L , K). Age ranged from (1- 4) years. In Ras Albasit: The length – weight relationship was estimated for female: b = 2.87(N=104), R2 = 0.87, and for male: b = 2.79 (N = 94), R2 = 0.93. The whole sample: b = 2.78(N=198) , R2 = 0.89 indicating that allometric growth and relationship are strong positive. In Burj Islam: The length – weight relationship was estimated for female: b=2.88(N=109), R2 =0.84, and for male: b = 2. 94 (N=94), R2 = 0.95. The whole sample: b = 2.90(N=198), R2 = 0.89 indicating that allometric growth and relationship are strong positive. Growth parameters for female: L = 35.51 cm, K=0.18; for male: L = 34.58 cm, K= 0.18. The whole sample: L = 34.88 cm, K = 0.17 were calculated In Ras Albasit and in addition in Burj Islam L = 32.46 cm, K = 0.18; Male : L = 33.05 cm , K= 0.18; whole sample: L = 33.57 cm, K = 0.17.
 
Antimicrobial Activity of Indian Tea (Camellia Sinensis) Against Some Pathogenic Bacteria
Get PDFEvery morning starts with a cup of tea and this tea lead to freshness in mouth and body. Even every guest came to the house is welcomed by a cup of tea. From ancient time, biological activity of tea is well documented by the above-mentioned effects of tea on body. Present studies were deals with, antibacterial activity of tea, against various pathogenic bacteria. The antibacterial activity of Indian tea preparation (Kadha) was studied. Antibacterial activity of green and black tea extracts was accessed by standard microbiological methods to validate traditional use of tea (Camellia sinensis) as an antibacterial agent.
 
Antimicrobial Activities and Phytochemical Screening of Five Nigerian Chewing Sticks
Get PDFChewing sticks are important non-timber forest products widely used for dental cleaning in Nigeria. This work was intended to study the antimicrobial activities and phytochemical screening of some indigenous Nigerian chewing sticks which will serve as scientific support for the use of chewing sticks for oral hygiene in rural areas. Ethanol and aqueous extracts of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, Massularia acuminata, Khaya ivorensis, Terminalia glaucescens and Azadirachta indica were obtained through soxhlet and maceration respectively. Qualitative and quantitative testing of bioactive compounds using standard procedures revealed the presence of tannins, reducing compounds, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins and cardiac glycosides. Antimicrobial screening of the extracts was carried out on Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans which were isolated from mouth swabs. The ethanolic extract of K. ivorensis and A. indica had the highest antibacterial activity against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. The aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata exerted an antimicrobial effect only on Candida albicans. The variation in the antimicrobial activities of the extracts could be attributed to the concentration of the various bioactive compounds present in the chewing sticks. This study has confirmed the effectiveness of these chewing sticks and toothbrushes against certain microorganisms.
 
Phycoremediation of Rice Parboiling Industry Wastewater by Micro Algae and Utilization of Treated Water for Crop Production
Get PDFThe screening of freshwater microalgae which is grown in the outdoor paddy fields for phycoremediation of rice parboiling industries wastewater is investigated in the current project. Diluted sample of wastewater with distilled water in 1:1 ratio is denoted as Raw and Distilled Water (RDW) sample and diluted sample with tap water in 1:1 ratio is denoted as Raw and Tap Water (RTW) were allowed for phycoremediation. The highest growth of microalgae biomass has increased and shown great biomass in RDW sample of rice parboiling industries wastewater. At Day 15 approximately 13.72×106 cell/mL with the highest removal of nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, phosphate and total organic carbon (BOD and COD) are 82.62%, 98.23%, 87.66%, 76.26, 93.32% and 95.32% respectively. RTW wastewater was able to reach maximum growth by Day 18 where cell concentration was approximately 19.7×105 cell/mL. Significantly reduction for some nutrients such as nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, phosphate and total organic carbon (BOD and COD) were observed. These findings provide good indication of microalgae growth and phycoremediation of rice parboiling industries wastewater. The information from these findings could be of potential use for biotechnology industries, for further development of bio-based product from microalgae biomass. The current study is extended to know the impact of raw undiluted rice parboiling industries wastewater and treated i.e., phycoremediation by RDW and RTW on Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum) for germination, growth, physiological and biochemical response. Plant growth is measured using growth analysis parameters such as, % germination, germination index, mean germination time, relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area ratio (LAR), leaf weight ratio (LWR), specific leaf area (SLA), specific leaf weight (SLW), leaf area duration (LAD). The physiological response of crop irrigated with undiluted raw rice parboiling industry wastewater, treated RDW and treated RTW are calculated by measuring % phytotoxicity, % inhibition, tolerance indices, seed vigor index
Partial checklist of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in selected localities in and around Achalpur, District Amravati, Maharashtra, India
Get PDFAnts are highly intelligent, social and ecologically important insects. They are known for their valuable contributions in ecosystems and found in all possible habitats. The present study deals with the checklist of ant species in and around Achalpur, Amravati district, Maharashtra, India. This work was carried out from June 2021 to December 2021 for total six months. Ants were sampled randomly by using different collection methods like all-out search method, hand collection method and species were identified with the help of standard taxonomic literature. During this study a total 09 species of ants were recorded under 07 genera belonging to 03 subfamilies. Myrmicinae (five species) was found to be a most abundant subfamily in terms of species followed by Formicinae (three species) and Dolichoderinae (one species).
 
Fungicide Activity of New Complexes for Fungi Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina
Get PDFThis work includes the preparation and diagnosis of nine complexes which prepared interaction copper chlorides ,cobalt, nickel, and cobalt nitrate beside Schiff base salts obtain from N- dimethyl benzaldehyde with numerous amino acids like glycine and L-serine. we found that metal ions consistence to complexes as bidentate manner, condensation occurred via azomethine nitrogen with carboxylic oxygen atoms. Analytical data showed that all cobalt complexes1,2,3 having an octahedral geometries with the formula [Co(Bx)(H2O)2(NO3)] , Bx= (NaBg or NaBph), nickel complexes4,5,6,7 having tetrahedral geometries with the following formulas ; [Ni(Bz)(H2O)2]Cl ,where: Bz =(NaBg or NaBph or NaBs or Bt and [Co(By)(H2O)2]Cl ,where By =( NaBs or NaBt), while copper complexes8,9 having square planer geometries [Cu(Bz)(H2O)2]Cl, Moreover , Schiff base complexes elevated for antifungal activity in Vitro against three types of important pathogenic fungi namely :Fusarium solani,Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani. All complexes gave significant inhibition against these pathogens especially4,8,9 complexes . The inhibition percentage of complex 9 with concentrate 100ppm against R solani,. F.solani was100%,99,3% and 75ppm had the same antifungal activity against R .solani and F.solani. 100% -93.9% respectively Moreover the percent inhibition increase to 64.7% with complex 8 at concentration 75ppm against M..phaseolina.