International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences
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Modulation of nitric oxide by dichlorvos in rats: amelioration of fat-soluble vitamins (d & e) and flavonoids (quercetin and naringin)
Get PDFThis study investigates the impact of dichlorvos, an organophosphate insecticide, on nitric oxide levels in male rats and explores the potential ameliorative effects of vitamins (D and E) and flavonoids (quercetin and naringin). The research, conducted on 112 male Wistar rats, categorizes them into 14 groups with distinct treatments, including dichlorvos-only, recovery, and various combinations with vitamins and flavonoids over a four-week oral exposure period. Significant body weight reduction is observed in the dichlorvos-only group, with naringin showing the sole improvement in this effect. Dichlorvos is found to elevate nitric oxide levels across plasma, red blood cells, brain, and liver. Vitamin D and quercetin demonstrate variable reductions in nitric oxide concentrations compared to the dichlorvos-only group, across all parameters. Vitamin E, administered post-dichlorvos exposure, consistently decreases nitric oxide concentrations, except for a slight increase in the brain. Notably, naringin increases nitric oxide levels in the brain, red blood cells, and liver beyond dichlorvos levels. In conclusion, the study suggests that vitamins and quercetin can mitigate dichlorvos toxicity by modulating nitric oxide levels in all assessed parameters. However, naringin appears effective mainly in ameliorating body weight effects and in plasma. These findings underscore the potential of specific antioxidants to counteract the oxidative stress induced by dichlorvos, highlighting the nuanced impact of different compounds on nitric oxide regulation. The study contributes valuable insights into potential interventions to counteract the adverse effects of dichlorvos exposure, emphasizing the importance of targeted antioxidant strategies in mitigating organophosphate-induced toxicity.
 
Comparing Biocompatibility and Efficacy of Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites at Nano-level for its Biomedical Application: A Systematic Review
Get PDFAim: To evaluate the biocompatibility and efficacy of various nano-functionalised hydroxyapatite nanocomposites by reviewing several in-vitro studies conducted to test its potential effects on human cell lines and animal cell lines. Methods: A survey of relevant scientific data was done utilizing Pubmed, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library, Wiley Online Library, Science Direct, Scientific Reports, Grey literature, CINAHL, IOPscience, National library of medicine, Advanced Ceramic Progress, Hindawi, MDPI, JPSR, ACS, Springer, and by using MeSH "Hydroxyapatite nanocomposites and its biocompatibility and efficacy". As stated in Prisma guidelines, in search engines, these words were improved. Results: All four reviewed articles showed positive effects of Hydroxyapatite nanocomposites on their biocompatibility. HA/Au and HA/Pd showed negative results concerning osteoinduction and osteogenesis properties, whereas HA/MAG showed positive results. HA-natural polymers composite showed no cytotoxicity. The bioactive HA/Gr composite coating manifested no cytotoxicity and no antibacterial properties. HA/PCL composite improved cell adhesion and cell proliferation. Statistically, significant improvement in the biocompatibility and efficacy using nano-functionalised hydroxyapatite composites when compared to non-functionalised hydroxyapatite nanocomposites with p< 0.01 Conclusion: From the available scientific sources, Hydroxyapatite nanocomposites are very effective in bone tissue engineering and developing medical-grade prostheses owing to their high biological compatibility and efficiency
A Survey of Fishes and Birds of Kollidam River in Anaikarai, Tamil Nadu State, India
Get PDFFrom November 2021 to April 2022, an ecological assessment of the species variety of birds and fish was carried out in and around the Kollidam River in Anaikarai, Kumbakonam Taluk, Tamil Nadu. The abundance of birds was investigated using point and count methods. Perception was periodically guided by short strolls along the review area early in the morning and late in the early evening. An all out 19 Bird species, Request 8, 14 families. 16 fishes,8 request, 8 families. Cypriniformes 6 species, trailed by Anabantiformes 3 species, and Cypriniforms , Cyprinodontiformes, Gobiiformes, Mugiliformes ,Siluriformes, Cichliformes these request are just a single animal groups. The outcome additionally shows that the Waterway close by region , agribusiness land and encompassing vegetation are great ecological circumstances appropriate for the transient, occupant as well as the compromised types of birds. Be that as it may, aside from this, the obstruction of human exercises for example agribusiness, deforestation is additionally expanding day by day
Contribution of Building Materials to Urban Growth in Dodoma Tanzania``
Get PDFThe Environmental Protection Plan (EPP) for the Prospecting and extraction of building materials had provided details of impacts. The issues of environmental concerns had also been identified including mitigation measures. The area for extract of building materials occupies about 49 acres. The planned activities will involve extraction and transportation of building materials to the markets in the Dodoma City. The positive impacts will include: employment creation, promotion of rural livelihoods, contribution to local trade, promotion of industrial development, and promotion of rural urban linkages. The negative impacts will involve: land degradation, Human Immune Virus (HIV) or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) infection, accidents, water pollution, sound and noise pollution, deforestation, loss habitats for wild animals and solid waste generation and damage to roads. The mitigation and enhancement measures had been proposed including: conduct training of farmers, workers of safety and conservation, maintain ecological habitat for flora and fauna survival, good practices in production and waste treatment, and issues related to HIV/ AIDS education and prevention. The project will be continuously monitored through the reporting format with parameters already identified. The study recommended establishing the environmental management practices and undertaking training of the workers involved in the subsector and local community to familiarize with the impacts and management practices for environmental protection.
 
Dietary Patterns According To The Different Genetic Blood Groups
Get PDFThe blood is the most essential component of the human body. It accounts for about 8% of a normal human`s body. The negative or positive blood groups are A, B, AB, and O (rh). A drop of blood can have an enormous impact on a person`s life. One of the other factors that can affect a person`s life is nutrition. The concept of tailoring diets to match an individual`s genetic blood group has gained attention in recent years. Proponents argue that these personalized diets can optimize health and prevent disease. This paper aims to critically evaluate the scientific evidence supporting the relationship between genetic blood groups and dietary recommendations while emphasizing the importance of evidence-based approaches to healthy eating.
 
Dendrobium longicornu orchid has potential pharmaceutical properties in Nepal
Get PDFPlants provide shelter, clothing, food, flavours and fragrances. Today more people take medicine from medicinal plant. According to World Health Organization (WHO) 80% of medicine, is produced from medicinal plants. Globally, the herbal medicines market was valued at USD 170 billion in 2022, and it will reach USD 600 billion by 2033, growing 15% annually from 2023 to 2033. Dendrobium longicornu is one of the most important medicinal plants in the world. D. longicornu belong Orchidaceae family and it is largest genera in Ochidaceae. It grows on tree trunks in mountain forests as an epiphytic orchid. Commonly D. longicornu, known as the ‘Long-horned Dendrobium. It is an important traditional medicinal plant that used various disease in Asia. Mainly D. longicornu is found in the mountainous regions of Northeast India, Bhutam, Nepal, Tibet, Myanmar, and southern China. It has many bioactive compounds such as 14 - methyl- pentadecanoic acid (6.39 %) and 8 - Methyl-6-nonenoic acid 9-Hexadecyn-1-ol, 3-Heptadecanol and Pentafluoropropionatetrans-2-dodecen-1-ol. In this paper, the main aim of the study is demonstrating the antioxident, anticancer and antibacterial activities of D. longicornu.
 
The Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Activities of Euphorbia Species
Get PDFLiver diseases have become a major problem in the world. They generally cause about 2 million deaths per year worldwide. Euphorbia is the sixth largest genus among flowering plants, and the largest genus in Euphorbiaceae, with about 2160 species. Some Euphorbia species have been documented for many health problems such as intestinal parasites, migraines, gonorrhea, skin disease, warts, wound healing, respiratory diseases, inflammation, indigestion, and liver diseases. With reports on the rise of liver diseases and several published reports on plant extracts with hepatoprotective effect, this review presents data on Euphorbia species that have been scientifically evaluated as hepatoprotective using known experimental models. Since the hepatoprotective effect of these species is mostly through their antioxidant activity, the total contents of Euphorbia species of phenolics and flavonoids- the main compounds responsible for antioxidant activity- were also reviewed in this review.
 
Effect of combination foliar spraying of seaweed (Padina pavonica) with GA3 or/and IBA on the growth parameters of Allium cepa L.
Get PDFOnions (Allium cepa L.) are the second most important vegetable crop in Libya after tomatoes, due to the large indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides among farmers. So, this study examined the effects of different foliar application treatments on improving the growth parameters of local white onion, represented by: firstly; the foliar application treatment alone of (GA3, IBA and seaweed extracts of Padina pavonica, and secondly; combined treatment between (P.pavonica + GA3 or/and IBA). Generally, The results showed that all foliar application treatments had a significant effect on increase Length of leaves, leaves width, number of leaves /plant, fresh weight of leaves, dry weight of leaves, bulb length, bulb diameter, bulb weight, neck thickness of bulb. In addition, an increase in the content of chlorophyll (a and b) and minerals (p and k). However, combined treatment is most effective for the highest obvious increment in growth parameters, especially P.pavonica 10%+ 300ppm GA3.
 
Computational analysis of polydatin, ergotamine, and dydro-ergotamine with apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (Apaf 1) by docking-based virtual screening with the PyRx tool
Get PDFIn this short communication, we performed Autodock Vina and Autodock-4, using both hundreds of natural compounds and hundreds of drugs with protein apoptotic protease activating factor 1. The goal of this method was to understand, which of the selected drugs and screened natural substances binds better to this protein and which chemical bonds are involved. The technique used for this aim was the Virtual Screening Tool performed by the Pyrx program. From docking results Calculations performed by Autodock Vina, Polydatin, Ergotamine, and Dydro-Ergotamine showed excellent binding energy scores ( -10.1, -10.5, and -12.1 kcal/mol, respectively). All these results lead us to conclude that they could have a Key role in the apoptosis process, even if further studies such as computational and biological tests are necessary.
 
Isolation and Identification of Some Bacteria That Cause Burns and Used Aloe Vera Extract As an Antibacterial Agent
Get PDFThis research sought to identify the bacterial agents responsible for burn and wound infections. A total of 30 swab samples from burn victims of both sexes and of different ages as well as 7 swab samples from healthy people were gathered for these purposes. Patients were transferred to the Specialized Center for Burns-Najaf and Imam Sadiq Hospital, respectively. samples have been cultured on the MacConkey agar, nutrition agar, blood agar, and EMB agar as a preliminary step in the process of bacteria cultivation. Thirty bacterial isolates were discovered, according to the findings. They were determined to be members of the following 17 species of negative bacteria after being identified by cultural, microscopic, and biochemical characterizations: 10 different Klebsiella pneumoniae, 3 different E. coli species, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. after subjecting these isolates to the well-diffusion agar techniques` susceptibility test against Aleo vera suspension at various concentrations (50, 100, 100, 150, and 200 L). In this investigation, it was discovered that as the concentration of Culture supernatans in the well grew, so did the growth inhibition. demonstrated that 200 L higher doses totally stopped the development of all of these bacteria and that 50 L of Aleo vera suspension had a mild inhibitory effect on all bacterial growth. Additionally, these findings demonstrate that E. coli has a 200-fold higher inhibitory efficiency than other bacteria, but Klebsiella pneumoniae has a poor inhibition zone at the same dose. It`s interesting.