Eiid European Institute for Innovation Development
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Ukrainian Book Design: Ways of Formation and Development
No full textIn the Ukrainian graphic art development of the 20th century as a whole and specific art events and artistic works, a constant interaction of international and national, general and specific, modern and traditional is traced. The development of the new graphic art was especially influenced by the revaluation of the aesthetic qualities of national art. The research purpose is to study the development of the directions of Ukrainian book art, the formation of new creative features in the European cultural space. The research methodology consists of the general scientific methods application (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction) and methods of art history (comparative, typological, descriptive). The scientific novelty lies in the study of book design, which has always been significant in Ukrainian art. Today, we have many fine works in the genre of book illustrations. These works reflected both the history of Ukrainian literature, the history of the national graphic art, as well as the history of cultural progress of Ukraine in general. Thus, book design is an extremely fruitful object of study, an intersection points in which the complicated process of the interaction of social, political, spiritual, cultural and artistic and aesthetic factors is underway. The Ukrainian graphic art of those days reflected different all-European trends, e.g., modernism, symbolism, neo-primitivism, futurism, cubism, expressionism, constructivism, realism, surrealism, Art Deco, neoclassicism. The originality of the artistic language emerged through the use of traditional motifs and vanguard image creation tools
Scientific and Public Organizations of the Russian Empire: Between State Responsibility and Private Initiative
No full textHomo academicus was the title of a book by Pierre Bourdieu, published in Russia in 2017. Research of the person, his chances in the period of formation of scientific organizations – a research topic. The monograph is devoted to the development of scientific organizations of the Slavic peoples. The philosophical and anthropological grounds for the preservation of cultural heritage and creation in the Russian Empire in the 18th and first half of the 19th centuries are considered. The author traced how the scientific and practical activities of Russian statesmen and scientists formed programs and institutions for the preservation of cultural heritage. The author concludes that the processes of nation formation are closely connected with national culture, the formation of cultural centers, the dissemination of education, the press, etc. At the time of the formation of the nation, the problem of language acquires an important role – its dissemination, the creation of norms of the national literary language. Therefore, the study of culture should be combined with lingue-social problems
Support Measures for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Slovakia in Response to COVID-19
No full textThe current coronavirus crisis represents a severe external shock that threatens especially small and medium-sized enterprises. In their case, measures related to saving of human lives sometimes have an existential impact. Due to the economic and social importance of small and medium-sized enterprises for the Slovak economy, it is necessary to carefully monitor the impact of the crisis on small and medium-sized enterprises and to develop measures to its mitigation and fast recovery. The aim of the article is to evaluate the measures to help SMEs in the Slovak Republic through a comparison with selected EU countries and to evaluate the financial impact of these measures on the Slovak economy. To evaluate the measures to help small and medium-sized enterprises in the Slovak Republic due to COVID-19 pandemic, it was used a method of comparison, i.e., the measures taken in the SR with selected EU countries compared. The financial impact of these measures on the Slovak economy in a way of adjustment of public revenues and public expenditures was analyzed. The materials of the article are intended for economists who study national and regional economic structures and markets
Peculiarities of Interpretation of Liability for Budget Legislation Violation in the Russian Federation
No full textRecently, the legal liability topic for budget legislation violation is one of the most relevant topics of financial and legal (budget and legal) science and law enforcement practice. The increased attention to the issues of responsibility in finance is caused by the desire to strengthen control over the development of budgetary legal relations, make the budget activities of the state and municipalities as effective as possible, and ensure financial discipline in the state. The authors analyse the features of liability for violation of the budget legislation of the Russian Federation, budget enforcement measures, as well as administrative and criminal liability for violation of the budget legislation. The authors conclude that the Russian Federation has a sufficiently developed system of responsibility for budget offences undergoing constant changes and improvements. However, several issues require extensive discussion to improve the effectiveness of budget legislation and its convergence with international counterparts. The materials of the article are intended for students and specialists in the field of law dealing with the problems of Russian legislation
Local Traditions of the Northern Folk Costume Design of the Olonets Province from the Late 19th to the mid-20th Century
No full textThe article is devoted to the original types of traditional design of the Northern folk costume of the Olonets Province from the late 19th to the mid-20th century. The article deals with the history of traditional folk costume, its functions: festive, ceremonial, professional, regional, class, indicating the occupation and religion. The author analyzes the materials, various methods of decorating the decor with embroidery, weaving, lace, as well as the ornament and colour scheme of the costume. The general sources of studying the history of the folk costume are works of fine and applied art, literary works and historical documents. The author concludes that the constant appeal to the modelling folk costume creativity is very important for a modern designer. The analysis of models created based on folk costume revealed various creative approaches of artists to the use of folk motifs in a modern costume created in the process of creative reinterpretation of folk traditions with regards to modern conditions
Historical and Cultural Significance of the Collection of Russian Artists in the A. Kasteeva Museum
No full textThe article is devoted to the collection of Russian art, presented today in the State Museum of Arts. Abylkhana Kasteeva in Almaty. Practice has shown that the main stream of artistic forces rushed to Kazakhstan from Moscow. The value of the entire Kazakh exposition of the museum is colossal not so much in material terms as in its historical and cultural significance for descendants and contemporaries. In the context of the style diversity of images, shapes and colors, one can grasp the sensations, and through them to find answers to many questions, understand the historical processes in Kazakhstan, beliefs, our attitude to nature, to life and to each other. Therefore, it is so important to identify the circle of artists who worked in Kazakhstan, in the years when Kazakhstan’s fine arts were just getting on their feet, the process of consolidating a few creative forces was taking place. Anyway, these artists visited Kazakhstan, worked here, created their own works. Among them were eminent Russian painters, who entered the history of Soviet Art. The masterpieces of Kazakh and Russian art will allow the viewer to trace the history of the formation and development of the Kazakh national school of painting, over a thousand paintings, prints and drawings are the pride of the collection of the State Museum of Arts of Kazakhstan. A. Kasteev
Fundamentals of Dance Training in the System of Secondary Education in Varna
No full textThis article examines the foundation as well as the current conditions of dance education in the system of secondary education in Varna. The city is an international cultural center and is the first non- principal city to implement vocational ballet education. In 1964, the world’s first international ballet competition was held in Varna, which has granted the city a historic place in the thousands of years of cultural history of the world. The main source of information on the highly effective pedagogical practices of Galina and Stefan Yordanovi is an in-depth analysis of data collected from periodical press in the period 1965-1985. Their views on the development of dance training and methodology are covered mostly by local journalists in Varna. The focus of this paper is Stefan Yordanov’s extremely valuable article on vocational ballet education in Varna, published in Narodno Delo. In an attempt to reconstruct the history of art dance education in Varna with the authenticity of the shared ideas, these materials can serve as sources for an essential part of the yet unwritten history. This work is part of an overall study on teaching dance as art in secondary education in Bulgaria
The Relevance of the Formation of the Science of the Cultural Heritage Preservation as the Evolution of Social and Scientific Thought
No full textResearch in the field of cultural heritage preservation has been actively conducted over the past 150 years. The world community has achieved great success in forming a school of objects’ restoration and conservation of past civilizations’ cultures. However, in the early 21st century, a lot of knowledge began to go beyond what is already available in the classification of the sciences of art and culture. In the last third of the 20th century, a separate science of restoration began to emerge, which is also looking for its place between culture and art. The need to form a new scientific direction on cultural heritage preservation appeared due to the formation of a huge amount of scientific knowledge, which was supported by the evolution of the philosophical thought of the world-leading thinkers, who came close to defining the Concept of Klironomical Outlook, i.e., structural views on determining the value of cultural heritage. The author justifies that the world community has objectively approached the understanding and separation of the klironomical outlook, which contributes to the formation of a new complex of sciences of the cultural heritage preservation—klironomy. The research used the scientific works of the author of the article, as well as leading experts in the field of culture and philosophers
The Connection of Times and Generations in the Restoration of Cultural Heritage Monuments
No full textThe topic relevance lies in the fact that the preservation of cultural heritage monuments of our country has been, is and will be the most important at any time for the patriotic, aesthetic, and moral education of young people, who should be instilled with love for the Motherland, for people, who create and preserve beautiful works of art, love of creativity in a variety of fields for contemporaries and descendants. The purpose of the study is to create the Book of Memory of the Restorers of St. Petersburg through the history of the revival of suburban palaces of St Petersburg after the Great Patriotic War on the example of restoring the interiors of the Golden Suite of the Catherine Palace in Tsarskoye Selo and in particular—the Great Hall or the Light Gallery. The article is devoted to the master restorers who recreated from the ruins and ashes the unique interiors of the Catherine Palace of the architectural palace and park reserve Tsarskoye Selo in the city of Pushkin after its destruction during the Second World War. It tells about the continuity of generations of restorers of the 20th and 21st centuries. In the study course, the works of leading experts and scientists in the field of restoration of the Russian cultural heritage were used
Ethnic Problems of the Baltic Region
No full textThe research is devoted to the ethnic problems of the Baltic region (the territory of 3 former Soviet republics – Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania). This topic remains relevant, despite the fact that these republics do not have a special global political, economic and cultural influence. The region has almost lost its industrial potential. In the Baltic States, the population is rapidly declining, returning to the figures of more than a century ago. The research shows the reasons why civil society has not developed in the Baltic States. The result is the fragmentation of society. The basis of the research is based on the historical method. Although there is a fairly significant scientific literature on the history of the region, mainly in Russian, this topic is usually reduced to the history of aboriginal peoples, which cannot be considered historically correct. The Baltic republics will gradually fade away, which will only paradoxically spur the struggle for these empty territories. The results of the study will be applicable in the field of ethnological research within the framework of the development of a single European space and the preservation of historical and cultural heritage