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Organic residue analysis of pottery and sampling procedure for Croatian sites proposal
Get PDFAnalize organskih ostataka (ORA) iz keramike danas su često upotrebljavan i važan dio arheoloških istraživanja. Mogu nam pružiti informacije o prehrani ili upotrebi keramičkih posuda te mnoge druge o svakodnevnom životu arheoloških populacija, koje bi bez kemijskih analiza bile izgubljene. Kemijski spojevi koji se najčešće sačuvaju u keramici i stoga su vrlo pogodni za ove vrste analiza su lipidi (npr. masne kiseline, trigliceridi, alkoholi, alkani, esteri voska, ketoni). Postoji nekoliko metoda ekstrakcije lipida iz keramike koji ovise o tome što se želi saznati, a danas se najčešće koriste direktna ekstrakcija kiselinom u metanolu i ekstrakcija otapalom. Nakon ekstrakcije, rade se analize na plinskom kromatografu (GC), plinskom kromatografu – masenom spektrometru (GC-MS) i kad je moguće analiza izotopa 13C iz palmitinske i stearinske kiseline (GC-C-IRMS). U ovom radu ukratko su opisane navedene metode, kemijska pozadina te mogućnosti, odnosno primjeri već provedenih istraživanja koja su uključivala analize organskih ostataka. Kako svaka analiza započinje uzimanjem uzoraka gdje je najvažnije izbjeći kontaminacije, donesen je prijedlog procedure uzrokovanja keramičkih ulomaka za analize organskih ostataka, uz naglasak da uz adekvatno pakiranje uzorka (aluminijska folija), istraživaču treba pružiti što je više moguće kontekstualnih informacija. Također, predložen je obrazac koji bi se prilagao uz uzorke za analize organskih ostataka.Organic residue analysis (ORA) of pottery is a frequently used and important part of archaeological research today. It can provide information about the diet or the use of pottery and many other aspects of daily lives of archaeological populations, which would otherwise be lost. The chemical compounds that are most often preserved in ceramics and are therefore very suitable for this type of analysis are lipids (e.g. fatty acids, triglycerides, alcohols, alkanes, wax esters, ketones). There are several methods of extracting lipids from ceramics, depending on what we want to find out; those most commonly used are direct acid extraction and solvent extraction. After the extraction, analyses are performed by gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) and, when possible, 13C isotope analysis from palmitic and stearic acid (GC-C-IRMS). This paper briefly describes the mentioned methods, the chemical background, and the possibilities and examples of the already conducted research including ORA. Organic residue analysis begins with sampling, where it is very important to avoid contamination; therefore, a proposal is made for the procedure of sampling pottery sherds for ORA, with the emphasis on adequate sample packaging (aluminium foil). It is also important to note that the researcher should be provided with as much contextual information as possible. Also, a proposal for a sampling form for ORA is provided
Pottery technosignature: a contribution to the knowledge on the Early Bronze Age in continental Croatia
Get PDFU radu se razmatraju značajke ranobrončanodobne lončarske smjese na području kontinentalne Hrvatske kao izraz specifičnih i karakterističnih tehnoloških izbora. Istraživanja se temelje na rezultatima novoprovedenih analiza keramičkog materijala s nalazišta Kurilovec – Belinščica, ali i na postojećim rezultatima istraživanja istodobne lončarije iz šire regije. U radu se donosi makroskopski opis strukture keramike i rezultati analize tankih izbrusaka metodom optičke mikroskopije s ciljem znanstveno utemeljenog definiranja njenih tehnoloških značajki. Cilj je metodom usporedbe tehnoloških i pojedinih stilskih karakteristika ranobrončanodobnog keramičkog materijala izdvojiti specifične značajke lončarske prakse čiji je kronološki smještaj potvrđen i radiokarbonskim datiranjem.The paper examines the characteristics of Early Bronze Age pottery composition in continental Croatia as an expression of specific and characteristic technological choices. The research is based on the results of newly conducted analyses of the material from the Kurilovec – Belinščica site, but also on the existing results of research of pottery from the broader region. The paper provides a macroscopic description of the structure of pottery and the results of thin section analysis using optical microscopy, with the goal of scientifically defining its technological characteristics. The aim is to use the method of comparing the technological and individual stylistic characteristics of Early Bronze Age ceramic material to identify specific features of pottery practice that had its time period confirmed by radiocarbon dating too
Epigrafski nadgrobni spomenici VII. legije i pojava vojničkih zajednica u rimskoj provinciji Dalmaciji u 1. stoljeću po Kr.
Get PDFThe Imperial Roman military consisted of a vast collection of armies and overlapping sub-communities, causing it to be a multi-layered entity. Scholars have explored its social dynamics since the 1980s, with epigraphic material – particularly of a funerary nature – providing valuable insight. The provinces of southeastern Europe, such as Dalmatia, are home to a great deal of well-catalogued archaeological and epigraphical material which could contribute to these studies, however, they are often left unconsidered in scholarship from outside the region. This paper conducts an epigraphical and archaeological analysis of the Romano-Dalmatian inscribed funerary monuments of the Seventh legion (Legio VII Claudia pia fidelis) to study the construction of identity and community. It is demonstrated that Legio VII was home to a complex network of servicemen intersected by various social, familial, legal, and military roles, relations, and symbols, which was rejuvenated and negotiated through the textual, sculptural, and spatial dimensions of funerary monuments. Moreover, these very funerary monuments were a significant part of this network, acting as media of identity and community (re)construction and (re)negotiation. Not only does this shed light on the social dynamics of Roman military communities, but it also reinforces the image which has emerged in recent scholarship of funerary monuments as socially constructive media. Finally, this paper demonstrates the value of theoretically engaged analyses of material from, and scholarship concerning, Romano-Dalmatia.
This paper was supported by the Croatian Studies Foundation 2020 Community, Culture and Research Scheme and the Macquarie Gale Graeco-Roman Travelling Scholarship.Rimska carska vojska predstavljala je višeslojnu cjelinu sastavljenu od konglomerata međusobno preklapajućih različitih vojnih postrojbi i pratećih civilnih zajednica. Društvena dinamika carske vojske intenzivno se istražuje još od 1980-ih, s naglaskom na epigrafski materijal i posebno nadgrobne spomenike. Područja nekadašnjih rimskih provincija u jugoistočnoj Europi, poput Dalmacije, posjeduju veliku količinu izvrsno katalogiziranog arheološkog i epigrafskog materijala koji bi itekako mogao pridonijeti ovim studijama. Nažalost, radovi pisani na vodećim svjetskim jezicima obično nemaju običaj uzimati u obzir ovaj značajan korpus izvora što značajno ograničava domet istraživanja. Ovaj rad se bavi epigrafskom i arheološkom analizom nadgrobnih spomenika Sedme legije (Legio VII Claudia pia fidelis) iz provincije Dalmacije, s ciljem proučavanja konstrukcije identiteta vojničke zajednice ove postrojbe. Diskusija pokazuje da je Legio VII bila dom složenoj mreži legionara, ispresijecanoj različitim društvenim, obiteljskim, pravnim i vojnim ulogama, međusobnim odnosima i specifičnim simbolima, koji su osnaživani i uspostavljani kroz tekstualne, skulpturalne i prostorne dimenzije nadgrobnih spomenika. Sami nadgrobni spomenici predstavljali su značajan dio ove složene mreže, djelujući kao aktivni mediji u proces konstrukcije identiteta i (re)konstrukcije odnosno (ponovnog) uspostavljanja odnosa unutar vojničke zajednice. Ne samo da se tako baca svjetlo na društvenu dinamiku rimskih vojničkih zajednica, već također pojačava sliku koja se pojavila u novijim proučavanjima nadgrobnih spomenika kao društveno konstruktivnih medija. Naposljetku, ovim se radom nastoji pokazati vrijednost teorijski angažiranih analiza rimske arheološke građe iz provincije Dalmacija kao i rezultatima dosadašnjih istraživanja.
Ovaj rad financijski su poduprli „Program zajednice, kulture i istraživanja“ australske Zaklade hrvatskih studija za 2020. i Macquarie Gale Graeco-Roman Travelling Scholarship
Arheobotanička analiza nalaza iz srednjovjekovne „smočnice“ iz dvorišta palače Banski dvori (Zagreb, Hrvatska)
No full textIn 2021, the Croatian Conservation Institute conducted multidisciplinary conservation-restauration and archaeological research in the northern courtyard of Banski dvori Palace to determine the layers of historical development. The results confirmed the continuity of settlement of the Zagreb upper town plateau from prehistoric times to the present day, and served as a basis for the development of project-technical documentation required for the complete restoration of the Government of the Republic of Croatia building damaged by the 2020 earthquake. During the excavations, remains of a subterranean timber-framed structure were documented. Based on the archaeological finds and context it can be interpreted as the underground storage room of a medieval urban house dated to the period of 13th and 14th century. A total of 1464 plant macrofossils were isolated by archaeobotanical analysis, of which six were carbonized and some of remains were just partially mineralized. The majority of the finds (95%) represent woody edible species with the highest number of finds being grapevine (Vitis vinifera), sweet/sour cherry (Prunus avium/cerasus), and blackthorn (Prunus spinosa). Some woody species such as grapevine and peach (Prunus persica) were certainly cultivated, while others like Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas) and blackthorn are evidence that the population collected fruits from nature. Edible herbaceous species accounted for 2.12% of the finds, included cucumber (Cucumis sativus), spice fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), cereals millet (Panicum miliaceum) and common wheat (Triticum aestivum/durum). More than 40% of the remains were found in five vessels, while the rest were from the surrounding sediment. All vessels contained grapevine and wild apples/pears, and fruits such as sweet/sour cherry, blackberry and plum were also found, leading to the assumption that the vessels contained the commonly used medieval beverage made from unripe fruit, known as verjuice.S ciljem utvrđivanja slojeva povijesnog razvoja, Hrvatski restauratorski zavod proveo je 2021. godine multidisciplinarna konzervatorsko-restauratorska i arheološka istraživanja sjevernog dvorišta Banskih dvora. Rezultati su potvrdili kontinuitet naseljavanja zagrebačkoga gornjogradskog platoa od prapovijesti do danas, a poslužili su kao osnova za izradu projektno-tehničke dokumentacije potrebne za cjelovitu obnovu potresom iz 2020. godine oštećene zgrade Vlade Republike Hrvatske. Tijekom istraživanja dokumentirani su ostaci objekta kojeg je na temelju nalaza i konteksta moguće interpretirati kao podzemnu ostavu srednjovjekovne gradske kuće iz 13. i 14. stoljeća. Arheobotaničkom analizom izolirano je 1464 biljnih makrofosila, od kojih ih je šest bilo karbonizirano, a nekolicina uglavnom djelomično mineralizirana. Većina nalaza (95 %) predstavlja drvenaste jestive vrste s najvećim brojem nalaza vinove loze (Vitis vinifera), trešnje/višnje (Prunus avium/cerasus) i trnjine (Prunus spinosa). Neke drvenaste vrste poput vinove loze i breskve (Prunus persica) zasigurno su bile uzgajane, a neke poput crvenog drijena (Cornus mas) i trnjine dokaz su da je stanovništvo sakupljalo plodove iz prirode. Jestivih zeljastih vrsta je 2,12 %, a radi se o nalazima povrtne vrste krastavac (Cucumis sativus), začinske biljke obični komorač (Foeniculum vulgare) te žitarica divlji proso (Panicum miliaceum) i obična pšenica (Triticum aestivum/durum). Više od 40 % ostataka pronađeno je u pet posuda, a ostali su ostaci iz okolnog sedimenta. U svim je posudama pronađena vinova loza i divlja jabuka/krušaka, a pronađeno je i voće poput trešanja/višanja, kupina i šljiva, što nas navodi na pretpostavku da se u posudama nalazio često korišteni srednjovjekovni sok od nezrelog voća tzv. verjuice
From the Essence of Beauty to a Riddle of Death: a Roman Incineration Grave in the Goveja Quarter of the Town of Vis
No full textU radu se donose nalazi otkriveni na predjelu Goveja u gradu Visu na istoimenom otoku, čiji karakter i opisani kontekst pronalaska upućuju na zaključak da je riječ o materijalnim ostatcima antičkog paljevinskog groba. Među njima se posebno ističe unikatna keramička posuda, u ovom kontekstu korištena kao urna, za koju se prema tipičnom morfološkom modelu skifa s barbottine ukrasom predlaže izradba u nekoj od radionica koje su grupirane unutar klase Pontske sigilate, odnosno u nekom od crnomorskih/istočnomediteranskih proizvodnih središta. Njezina posebnost ogleda se u dodanom elaboriranom reljefu, koji svojim prikazom uvelike podsjeća na ukrasne detalje s drugih uporabnih predmeta – aplike s fulkruma klina – a koji se interpretira kao prikaz Artemide/Dijane. Detaljna analiza i kontekstualizacija ovdje predstavljenih grobnih nalaza produbljuje naše spoznaje o izradi i potražnji stolnog posuđa kasnog 1. odnosno 2. stoljeća te otvara nova pitanja o izgledu i rasprostranjenosti
isejskih pogrebnih krajolika, kao i o specifičnim odlikama isejskog pogrebnog obreda.The paper presents finds discovered in the the area of Goveja in the town of Vis on the island of the same name. The characteristics and the context of the finds suggest that they might have belonged to a Roman incineration grave. Prominent among the finds is a unique ceramic vessel, in the described context used as an urn. Its typical morphological model – a skyphos with a barbotine decoration – suggests that the vessel was manufactured in a Pontic sigillata workshop, that is in one of the Black Sea or Eastern Mediterranean production centres. Its uniqueness is reflected in the elaborate relief added to it, very reminiscent of decorative details found in other objects – appliqués from a fulcrum of a cline – that have been interpreted as a depiction of Artemis/Diana. The detailed analysis and contextualisation of grave finds presented in this paper shed further light on the manufacture of and demand for late 1st century and 2nd century tableware, and open new questions as to the appearance and distribution of Issaean burial landscapes, as well as the specific features of the Issaean funerary rite
A hoard of Huşi-Vovrieşti coins from Josipova c – Selište near Osijek
No full textManja ostava kovanica tipa Huşi-Vovrieşti odloženih u kantharos, pronađena ispod mlađeželjeznodobne kuće na lokalitetu Josipovac – Selište kraj Osijeka, najvjerojatnije predstavlja votivni depozit položen prilikom podizanja građevine. U tom smislu ovo odlaganje je smatrano konačnim, a bilo je dio ritualnoga obrasca kojega danas ne možemo rekonstruirati. Upotreba posude koja je inače bila upotrebljavana u ritualnoj praksi (u pogrebnom i ceremonijalnom kontekstu), možda i ritualna demonetizacija kovanica dubokim urezima, kao i precizna i dosljedna aplikacija tih ureza, sugeriraju ritualni kontekst odlaganja ostave. Ona je vjerojatno ukopana tijekom LT C1, tj. tijekom druge polovice 3. st. ili početkom 2. st. pr. Kr. Ovu dataciju podupiru donja kronološka granica produkcije kovanica tipa Huşi-Vovrieşti, činjenica da je posuda u kojoj su kovanice odložene izrađena u LT B2 ili LT C1 razdoblju, s ranim 2. st. pr. Kr. kao najkasnijim datumom upotrebe, kao i usporedba s ostavama kovanica tipa Huşi-Vovrieşti ukopanima na području pod kontrolom Skordiska koje je moguće datirati neovisno o predloženim datacijama toga tipa kovanica.A small hoard of Huşi-Vovrieşti coins deposited in a Danubian kantharos underneath a Late Iron Age house at the site of Josipovac – Selište near modern Osijek most likely represents a foundation deposit. As such, the cache was not meant to be retrieved, and its deposition was part of a ritual of a sort, one we cannot reconstruct with any certainty. The use of a container otherwise involved in ritualistic practises, funerary and ceremonial, perhaps also the ritual demonetisation of coins with chop-marks, as well as precise and consistent application of these chop-marks, all point to a ritualistic background to the deposition. The hoard was probably interred during the LT C1 period, i.e., during the second half of the 3rd or perhaps at the very beginning of the 2nd century BC. This date is supported by the lower chronological limit of the production of the Huşi-Vovrieşti coins, the fact that the container in which they were deposited was produced either in LT B2 or LT C1 period, with its latest possible date of usage not later than the early 2nd century BC, as well as on an analogy with the hoards of the Huşi-Vovrieşti coins deposited in the Scordiscan area that can be dated independently of this particular coin-type
Spheres of Interaction. Contacts and Relationships between the Balkans and Adjacent Regions in the Late Bronze Age / Iron Age (13th–5th Centuries BCE), Proceedings of the Conference held at the Institute of Archaeology, Belgrade 15-17 September, 2017, Gavranović M., Heilmann D., Kapuran A., Verčik M. (eds.), Perspectives on Balkan Archaeology 1, Verlag Marie Leidorf GmbH, Rhaden/Westfalen, 2020.
No full textTobacco clay pipes from Osijek
No full textU članku je obrađeno 36 keramičkih lula koje su pronađene prilikom arheoloških istraživanja na pet pozicija u gradu Osijeku: Tvrđa – Dvorište franjevačkoga samostana (2012.), Tvrđa – Carska vrata (2016.), Tvrđa – Istočni ulaz (2017.), Osijek – Vukovarska 192 (2014.) i Osijek – Park kraljice Katarine Kosače (2015. – 2016.). U prva tri slučaja riječ je o novovjekovnim lokalitetima u Tvrđi, dok su zadnja dva u Donjem gradu, gdje se na mjestu nekadašnje rimske Murse razvilo novovjekovno naselje nakon nestanka osmanske vlasti. Lule su većinom osmanskoga tipa i stila (17. – 19. st.) od kojih se brojnošću ističu dvije grupe iz 17. i dijela 18. st., s jasnim obrascem rasprostiranja. Lule prve grupe karakteristične su na području koje manje ili više odgovara prostoru Ugarske, dok primjerci druge grupe pronalaze analogije na brojnim lokalitetima jugoistočne, dijelom i srednje Europe, no prvenstveno na prostoru koji je bio pod osmanskom vlašću. Nešto manje lula je ugarskoga (18. – 19. st.) i austrijskoga tipa (19. st.) među kojima su i primjerci s majstorskim ili radioničkim oznakama, često iz većih proizvodnih središta.The article discusses 36 clay pipes unearthed during archeological excavations at five sites in Osijek: Tvrđa – Courtyard of the Franciscan monastery (2012), Tvrđa – Imperial gates (2016), Tvrđa – Eastern entrance (2017), Osijek – Vukovarska 192 (2014), and Osijek – Queen Katarina Kosača Park (2015–2016). The first three are post-medieval sites in Tvrđa, while the last two are in the Downtown, where a postmedieval settlement emerged on the remains of Roman Mursa after the end of Ottoman rule. Most of the pipes are of Ottoman type and style (17th–19th century). The two most numerous groups from the 17th and part of the 18th century with apparent distribution patterns stand out. The pipes from the first group are characteristic in the area that more or less coincides with the territory of royal Hungary while finds from the second group have parallels at numerous sites in southeastern and partly central Europe but primarily in the area that was under Ottoman rule. Finds of Hungarian (18th–19th century) and Austrian types (19th century) are present in a smaller number. Among them there are pipes with master or workshop marks, often from major production centers