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Fibulae of the Jezerine-type from southeastern Pannonia
Get PDFFibule tipa Jezerine predstavljale su jedan od najomiljenijih oblika nošnje sa samog kraja latenske kulture, odnosno stupnja LT D2. Zabilježene su na širem europskom prostoru, od zapadnog dijela mediteranskog bazena preko kontinentalne Europe sve do Baltika, a brojnija skupina potječe s prostora istočne Slavonije, Srijema i sjeverne Srbije, koji je u mlađem željeznom dobu naseljavala politička zajednica poznata iz antičkih literarnih izvora pod nazivom Skordisci. Veći dio ovih fibula pripada tipu Jezerine II koje su na prostor jugoistočne Panonije dospjele komunikacijskim putem koji je išao dolinom rijeke Save, dok manja skupina predmeta predstavlja kopije tipa Jezerine, prilagođene ukusu lokalnih korisnika. Rezultati PIXE analiza sastava slitina od kojih su lijevane fibule pokazuju prilično heterogenu sliku, upućujući na to da su jugoistočnopanonski primjerci proizvedeni u različitim radionicama smještenima od sjeverne Italije i jugoistočnoalpskog prostora preko zapadnog Balkana do južne Panonije.The Jezerine-type fibulae are one of the most popular forms of attire from the Late La Tène period, that is, the LT D2 phase. They have been recorded in a wider European area, from the western part of the Mediterranean basin throughout all of continental Europe to the Baltic, and a large number of them originated in eastern Slavonia, Syrmia and northern Serbia, an area that, in the Late Iron Age, was inhabited by a political group known from ancient literary sources as the Scordisci. Many of these finds can be attributed to the Jezerine-type II fibulae, which spread to southeastern Pannonia via a communication route that went through the Sava valley. A smaller group of finds includes copies of the Jezerine-type fibulae which were tailored according to the tastes of the local users. The results of the PIXE analysis of the composition of the alloy from which cast fibulae were made show quite a heterogeneous picture, indicating that the finds from southeastern Pannonia were produced in different workshops located in areas spreading from northern Italy and the southeastern Alpine region, over the western Balkans to southern Pannonia
Bioarchaeological research of mediaeval Croatian populations
Get PDFBioarheologija se bavi analizama ljudskih kosturnih ostataka s ciljem rekonstrukcije života prošlih populacija. U Hrvatskoj se takve analize provode već dugi niz godina. Ovaj rad donosi pregled dosadašnjih bioarheoloških istraživanja srednjovjekovnih hrvatskih lokaliteta. Predstavljen je popis analiziranih lokaliteta, kao i tematske cjeline obuhvaćene analizama.Bioarchaeology studies human skeletal remains in order to reconstruct the lifestyles of past populations. The analyses under discussion have been carried out in Croatia for a number of years. This paper presents a review of the bioarchaeological research of Croatian mediaeval sites. It includes a list of analysed sites, as well as topics covered by the analyses
A case of skeletal tuberculosis from St. John the Baptist site in Ivankovo near Vinkovci
No full textU radu su predstavljeni rezultati antropološke analize ljudskih koštanih ostataka koji potječu iz groba 14 s nalazišta crkve sv. Ivana Krstitelja u Ivankovu pokraj Vinkovaca. Na osnovi arheoloških nalaza i stratigrafskog odnosa s drugim grobovima, grob 14 okvirno se može datirati u 16. stoljeće. U tom grobu bio je pokopan odrasli muškarac na čijem su kosturu prisutne morfološke promjene konzistentne s koštanom tuberkulozom – oštrokutna kifotična deformacija na kralježnici te povećanje tijela rebara i lokalizirani apscesi na rebrima. Kao moguće uzročnike navedenih promjena na analiziranom kosturu diferencijalna dijagnoza isključila je frakture, osteomijelitis, brucelozu, zloćudne koštane tumore i Scheuermannovu bolest. Prisutnost koštane tuberkuloze u Ivankovu tijekom 16. stoljeća uklapa se u geografski i kronološki okvir nastanka i širenja te bolesti na području Karpatske kotline, a kao mogući uzročnici navode se glad, epidemije zaraznih bolesti i opće osiromašivanje stanovništva. S obzirom na gospodarski i društveni karakter Ivankova u tom razdoblju moguće je da je neposredni uzročnik zaraze tuberkulozom kod analizirane osobe podvrsta Mycobacterium bovis koja se prenosi sa životinje na čovjeka.The paper presents the results of the anthropological analysis of human skeletal remains from grave 14 at the site of St. John the Baptist’s church in Ivankovo near Vinkovci. Based on the archaeological finds and the stratigraphic relationship with the other graves, grave 14 can approximately be dated to the 16th century. The grave contained the burial of an adult male whose skeleton exhibited morphological changes consistent with skeletal tuberculosis – angular kyphotic deformity on the spine and the augmentation of the body of the ribs and localized abscesses on ribs. A differential diagnosis ruled out fractures, osteomyelitis, brucellosis, malignant bone tumors and Scheuermann’s disease as possible causes of the mentioned changes in the analysed skeleton. The presence of skeletal tuberculosis in Ivankovo during the 16th century fits into the geographical and chronological frame of the emergence and spread of that disease in the Carpathian Basin, with famine, outbreaks of contagious diseases and general impoverishment of the population as possible causes. Taking into consideration the economic and social character of Ivankovo in that period, it is possible that the immediate agent of tuberculosis infection in the analysed person was the subspecies Mycobacterium bovis, transmitted to humans from animals
Brunislav Marijanović: Tumuli from Krneza and Podvršje near Zadar, University in Zadar, Department of Archaeology, Zadar, 2012, 184 pp., colour illustrations; 30 cm
No full textMolecular analysis of archaeological human remains from Zagajci near Belišće (Croatia)
Get PDFRad predstavlja molekularnu analizu arheoloških ljudskih ostataka iz Zagajaca kraj Belišća u Hrvatskoj. U određivanje DNK uključeni su uzorak kosti iz pojedinačnog nalaza ljudske lubanje i dva zubna uzorka dobivena od zubā iz oskudnih ostataka pronađenih nešto dalje (svi su nalazi sekundarni). DNK smo analizirali po autosomnim kratkim udvojenim sljedovnim (STR) lokusima i amelogeninskom lokusu za spol. Cilj je bio utvrditi profile STR lokusa u smislu ispitivanja moguće molekularne sličnosti proučavanog materijala. Drugi cilj bio je molekularno utvrđivanje nepoznatog spola osobe predstavljene oskudnim ostacima, te potvrđivanje spola osobe koja je morfološki, na osnovi lubanje, određena kao žena. Iz zubnih smo uzoraka dobili oskudne/djelomične profile STR lokusa, dok je koštani uzorak iznjedrio potpuni izostanak STR lokusa. Samo se jedan alel (17) na lokusu D3S1358 pojavio u oba zubna uzorka. Međutim, molekularnim ispitivanjem po spolu potvrđena je nazočnost ženske osobe u oskudnim koštanim ostacima sukladno arheološkom nalazu. Znatni ili potpuni izostanak alela na STR lokusima upućuje na izraženo propadanje DNK. Potpun izostanak alela na svim lokusima u koštanom uzorku upućuje, također, na odsustvo onečišćenja suvremenom DNK.The paper presents molecular analysis of archaeological human remains from Zagajci near Belišće in Croatia. Bone sample from a single human cranium and two tooth samples obtained from teeth in a scanty “set” of remains found in farther vicinity (all secondary finds) were employed in DNA typing. DNA was analysed for autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci and the amelogenin – sex typing locus. The aim was obtaining STR loci profiles in order to investigate possible molecular relatedness between examined materials. Another aim was molecu¬lar identification of unknown sex of an individual represented by scanty remains, and confirming of the sex of the individual whose skull was estimated female by morphology. We obtained either low/partial STR loci allelic profiles for tooth samples, or a complete STR loci dropout for a bone sample. There was a single allele (17) of the D3S1358 locus shared among tooth samples. However, molecular sex identification confirmed the presence of a female individual in a scanty “set” of remains in accordance with archaeological data. Major or complete loci STR allele dropout is suggestive of a severe DNA degradation. A complete allelic loci dropout in a bone sample is also suggestive of the lack of contamination with modern DNA
The prehistoric tumuli complex of Purić–Ljubanj near Vrbanja in the Spačva Basin, Županjska Posavina
No full textNa Purić-Ljubnju nalazi se 116 netaknutih i jedan oštećeni prapovijesni tumul. Nalazište je smješteno u ritualnom krajoliku koji se nalazi u spačvanskom šumskom bazenu na istoku Hrvatske. Pet sezona terenskog rada pokazalo je kako nalazište pripada razdoblju kasnoga brončanog doba, s keramičkim nalazima grupe Belegiš II. Ovdje su se odvijali složeni postupci depozicije vezani uz komemoraciju pokojnika. Terenskim pregledom šireg krajolika otkriveno je još 15 nalazišta s tumulima sličnog karaktera kao Purić-Ljubanj, a koji se također nalaze na prostoru spačvanskog bazena u županjskoj Posavini. Broj tumula na nalazištima varira od samo jednog do 178. Na Purić-Ljubnju nalazi se 117 tumula, od kojih su se na tri vršila istraživanja.Purić-Ljubanj consists of 116 pristine, and 1 damaged, prehistoric tumuli located in a wider ritual landscape in the Spačva Forest Basin in eastern Croatia. Five seasons of fieldwork have revealed that this tumuli complex can be confidently identified as belonging to the Late Bronze Age period, with ceramic finds that belong to the Belegiš II group. It is a place where complex depositions related to burial practices took place. A survey of the wider landscape has revealed another 15 sites with tumuli that appear to be of a similar character to Purić-Ljubanj situated in the area of Županjska Posavina in the Spačva Basin. The numbers of tumuli at each site vary from just one to 178. At Purić-Ljubanj there are 117 tumuli, three of which have been subject to excavation
On pilgrim pendants from the territory of Croatia
No full textRazvoj svetačke pobožnosti i razvoj hodočašća u tijesnoj su vezi. Potrebu za obilježavanjem hodočašća možemo pratiti od 11. stoljeća. Do tada su uspomene s hodočašća bile od lomljivih materijala – keramičkih ili staklenih ampula, komada tkanine, zemlje, palmina lišća ili sl. Od 11. do 15. stoljeća možemo pratiti razvoj hodočasničkih oznaka načinjenih od legura olova i kositra. U početku su te oznake predstavljale svojevrsni osobni statusni simbol. Od 14. stoljeća započinje njihova masovna proizvodnja koja u 15. stoljeću poprima uloge amuleta ili ukrasa. Hodočasnički privjesci predmeti su izrađeni od kositra, a nošeni su kao privjesci na traci ili ušiveni na odjeću. Po svom obliku i načinu izrade ne pripadaju u kategoriju medaljica, nego su puno bliži hodočasničkim oznakama. U radu je predstavljeno osam hodočasničkih privjesaka pronađenih na prostoru Hrvatske.The development of devotion to saints and the development of pilgrimage are closely linked. The urge to mark one’s pilgrimage can be traced from the 11th century. Before then, pilgrimage souvenirs were made of fragile materials: ceramic or glass ampullas, pieces of cloth, earth, palm leaves and similar. In the period between the 11th and 15th century, we can observe the development of pilgrim badges made of lead and tin alloys. At the beginning, such badges represented a certain personal status symbol. In the 14th century, their mass production began, and in the 15th century they obtained the role of amulets or ornaments. Pilgrim pendants are tin objects which were worn as pendants on a ribbon, or sewn onto clothes. Their shape and method of production do not allow their classification in the medal category, but put them much closer to pilgrim badges. This paper presents eight pilgrim pendants found within the territory of Croatia
Continued archaeological investigations and conservation at the Stancija Blek site (Tar) in 2012
Get PDFArheološko-konzervatorskim radovima 2012. godine nastavilo se istraživanje započeto 2008. godine na području arhitektonskog kompleksa na lokalitetu Stancija Blek kod Tara, smještenog unutar antičkog agera Poreča. Na ovom je području prijašnjim istraživanjima pretpostavljena antička rustična vila, kasnoantički kompleks te srednjovjekovno naselje s crkvicom. Obližnja crkva sv. Križa također se veže uz lokalitet. Ovogodišnjim istraživanjima obuhvaćena je Prostorija 8, gdje su prošlogodišnji radovi definirali niz zidova, paljevinskih slojeva i zapadni dio perimetralnog zida cisterne. Situacija u □ G/H/I 29-30 jasnije je definirana, a zid cisterne otkopan je u svom prostiranju u smjeru istok – zapad, te dijelom sjever – jug. Nakon istraživanja 2012. godine jasniji je kronološki slijed u P 8, osobito što se tiče kasnoantičkog i srednjovjekovnog razdoblja. Međutim, još uvijek nije jasno definiran prijelaz s antičke u kasnoantičku fazu, poglavito jer keramički, metalni i stakleni nalazi još uvijek upućuju isključivo na potonju. Riječ je mahom o ulomcima amfora, afričkoga sigilatnog posuđa i grube kućanske keramike sive fakture.The investigations at the Stancija Blek site near Tar continued in 2012 with a new season of archaeological and conservation works, focusing on Room 8, in which a number of walls, reconstructions and burnt layers were investigated in the previous year, as well as the western part of the perimeter wall of the cistern.
The removal of the burnt layers allowed us to define the situation with greater clarity. The material from the burnt layers points to late antiquity. Another find worthy of mention is the abundance of metal slag. We have defined the relationship of these layers with the walls above, as well as the relationship of individual walls and the cistern in the southern part of P 8. The works within the cistern allowed us to excavate the upper portion of the wall aligned E-W, and partly N-S. In addition to this, a recent walled structure SU 093 was discovered.
The excavations have shed clearer light on the chronological sequence in P 8 as regards the late antiquity and the Middle Ages. However, the transitional phase from antiquity into late antiquity still escapes clear definition
Đurđeva greda and the Neolithic of Lika
Get PDFU zaštitnim iskopavanjima provedenim 2010. godine istražen je dio pretpovijesnog naselja smještenog na Đurđevoj gredi, desetak kilometara istočno od Gospića. Riječ je o prvom nesporno neolitičkom nalazištu u Lici. Nalazi iz vremena prijelaza ranoga u srednji neolitik obuhvaćaju jame i ostatke nadzemnih struktura te lončariju i skupinu izrađevina koja upućuje na proizvodnju kamenih bradvi cijepanjem i glačanjem. Spomenuti nalazi svjedoče da su inovacije vezane uz neolitički način života dosegle Liku sredinom šestog tisućljeća prije Krista. Arheološka građa prikupljena s Đurđeve grede izravno utječe na postojeća tumačenja procesa širenja zemljoradnje u kontinentalno zaleđe istočnog Jadrana.Partially explored in rescue excavations in 2010, a prehistoric settlement located ten kilometres east of Gospić at Đurđeva greda is the first indisputable Neolithic site in Lika. Finds include pits, remains of structures and pottery, dating from the Early to Middle Neolithic transition, as well an assemblage of artefacts that indicates the production of stone adzes by flaking and grinding. These innovations, related to the Neolithic way of life, reached Lika by the middle of the sixth millennium BC. The archaeological evidence from Đurđeva greda directly affects current interpretations of the spread of farming into the continental hinterland of the eastern Adriatic
Roman pottery from Petrovac
Get PDFTijekom arheoloških istraživanja lokaliteta Petrovac 2006. i 2007. godine pronađena je manja količina rimske keramike u sekundarnom kontekstu: pronađena je zajedno s prapovijesnom keramikom izvan zidova kasnosrednjovjekovnog samostana, a unutar jednog sloja, te se datira od 1. do 4. stoljeća. Strukturne i tipološke osobine keramike s Petrovca vežu je najviše sa susjednom mikroregijom oko Topuskog, a šire s područjem Gornje Panonije. Osim panonskih proizvoda, pronađen je import iz Galije i Afrike. Lokalitet se nalazi na važnom geostrateškom položaju te ovi malobrojni nalazi donose važne i do sada nepoznate informacije.The archaeological investigations at the Petrovac site in 2006 and 2007 yielded a small assemblage of Roman pottery in a secondary context: it was found within a single layer in association with prehistoric pottery outside the walls of a late mediaeval monastery, and it is dated between the 1st and 4th century. As regards the structural and typological features of the pottery from Petrovac, the closest analogy exists with the neighbouring micro-region around Topusko, and further also with the area of Upper Pannonia. In addition to Pannonian products there were also imports from Gaul and Africa. The site occupies an important geostrategic position, and these scanty finds provide important and previously unknown information