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Crikvenica – Ad turres, Results of Systematic Archaeological Excavations of the Roman Pottery Workshop at the Igralište Site in 2012
Get PDFTijekom 2012. godine Institut za arheologiju nastavio je sedmu sezonu sustavnih arheoloških istraživanja rimske keramičarske radionice Seksta Metilija Maksima na lokalitetu Crikvenica – Igralište, koje se odvijalo na jugozapadnom rubnom prostoru lokaliteta. Istraživanje je definiralo prostor između zapadnoga obodnog zida radionice i zapadnog zida velike peći “Ignacije”. Na ovom je prostoru do kraja ispražnjena otpadna jama koja je dala niz novih keramičarskih oblika. Slojevi nasipanja u funkciji drenaže također su dali keramički materijal različit od istočnog dijela radionice. Dodatno je potvrđen način izgradnje velike peći. Dva dječja groba prvi su intaktan nalaz kasnoantičkog vremena na istraživanom prostoru radionice.The excavation of refuse pit G5 2012 yielded a number of new forms of the ceramic production in Crikvenica: two complete forms of amphorae, a simple semicircular bowl and a mortar of elongated body with close-fitting handles. The remaining surface is covered with workshop refuse mixed with clay. We should also single out layer SU 054 next to the perimeter wall of the large kiln, which contains a number of more or less complete ceramic objects.
One of the most important discoveries of this year’s campaign are two graves from late antiquity. Grave 1 contained the skeleton of a child around six years old. Grave 2 contained a child of similar age, associated with finds that date it approximately to the 4th century: a glass trilobiten bead and a small FIRMA-type lamp of somewhat poorer workmanship. These two graves point to the existence of a necropolis from late antiquity at the position of the older workshop, used for the burials of the inhabitants of Ad Turres, documented on Tabula Peutingeriana.
In the warehouse we analysed the architectural ceramics from the fills of kilns “103” and “Ignatias”, which consisted of floor bricks, tubuli, suspensures, bricks, imbrices, tegulae and parts of grates and arches of the kiln
Jelengrad and Košutgrad – Two burgs in Moslavina
Get PDFTijekom 2012. godine započela su sustavna arheološka istraživanja Jelengrada i Košutgrada, dvaju kasnosrednjovjekovnih gradova na Moslavačkoj gori. Iako su oba grada nesumnjivo imala značajnu ulogu u onodobnom kulturno-povijesnom krajobrazu, nakon napuštanja krajem 16. stoljeća ostali su prepušteni vegetaciji i neumitnom zubu vremena, u potpunosti izvan fokusa znanstvenog interesa. Cilj ove prve sezone istraživanja bio je njihovo raščišćavanje od vegetacije te urušene građe, potvrđivanje stratigrafske slike te izrada nacrtne dokumentacije.In 2012 Croatian Conservation Institute started with systematic archaeological excavations of Jelengrad and Košutgrad, two late medieval burgs on Moslavina Mountain. Although both burgs have undoubtedly had important place in the cultural-historic landscape during late medieval period, after their abandonment at the end of the 16th century, they have been left to the ravages of time and vegetation, outside of any scientific focus. Main goals of this first season of archaeological excavations were clearing the locations of vegetation and debris, confirmation of stratigraphy, and making of detail plan documentation
Bulla plumbea of pope Boniface IX from Streza
Get PDFPavlinski samostan Svih svetih u Strezi osnovan je 1374. godine zakladnicom magistra Ivana Bisena. Tijekom nešto manje od dva stoljeća streški je samostan postao jedan od najutjecajnijih u ovom dijelu kasnosrednjovjekovnog slavonskog prostora. Zbog sve osjetnijih posljedica osmanlijskih prodora, pavlini su početkom 16. stoljeća napustili samostan u Strezi i sklonili se u sigurniju Lepoglavu. Napušteni je samostan lokalnom stanovništvu tako postao glavni izvor građevinskog materijala, što je znatno ubrzalo njegovu sustavnu razgradnju. Tijekom šest sezona arheoloških istraživanja (2006.–2011.) potvrđeni su vanjski gabariti samostanskog sklopa, a u većoj je mjeri istražena i samostanska crkva izgrađena u skladu s uzusom gradnje sakralnih objekata pavlinskog reda. Lađa samostanske crkve u cijelosti je istražena tijekom radova 2008., 2009. te 2011. godine. Istraženo je 77 grobova koji se mogu datirati u vrijeme između osnutka samostana (taqn) i vremena kada su pavlini trajno napustili samostan (tpqn). Izuzetak među istraženim grobovima u lađi streške samostanske crkve jest grob 071, ukopan u zidanoj grobnici smještenoj u sjevernom dijelu četvrtog traveja. Društveni je položaj ovog pokojnika, izuzev smještaja i načina gradnje grobnice, bio jasno određen i olovnom bulom pape Bonifacija IX. (1389.–1404.) koja je pronađena na lijevoj strani njegovog prsnog koša.The Pauline monastery of All Saints in Streza was founded in 1374 by the endowment of magistrate Ivan Bissen. In less than two centuries, monastery in Streza became one of the most influential monasteries in this part of the late medieval territory of Slavonia. Due to the increasing Ottoman incursions at the beginning of 16th century, Pauline monks have abandoned the monastery in Streza and found refuge in Lepoglava. Abandoned monastery became the main source of building material for the local population, which abetted its further degradation. During six seasons of archaeological research (2006–2011) the external dimensions of the monastery complex were confirmed, as well as the layout of the Church of All Saints, constructed in compliance with the preferences of Pauline Order for building sacral edifices. Nave of the monastery church was entirely examined during works in 2008, 2009, and 2011. In total, 77 graves, which can be dated in the period between the founding (taqn) and the abandonment of the monastery (tpqn), have been excavated. Exception amongst the examined graves in the nave of the monastery church is grave 071, buried in a walled tomb located in the north part of the fourth bay. Social status of the deceased, apart from the location and the construction of the tomb, was evident from the lead bulla of Pope Boniface IX (1389–1404) found on the left side of his chest
Maria Grazia Amore (editor and author) The Complex of Tumuli 9, 10 and 11 in the Necropolis of Apollonia (Albania), volume I and II Expert co-authors: V. Dimo, L. Bejko and L. Schepartz, with contributions from S. Aliu, P. Pearce, A. Bardho, E. Bitri, L. Buchet, B. N. Damiata, V. Grimes, A. Powell, M. P. Richards, J. Southon and J. Stallo. BAR (British Archaeological Reports) S2059, Archaeopress, Oxford, 2010, X + 878 pages in two volumes, illustrated with black and white and colour photographs and plans, as well as drawings, plus a catalogue and reports on the conservation of material
Get PDFRe-dating of three Ancient Egyptian artefacts from Naqada I-III and the Archaic Period in the Mimara Museum in Zagreb
No full textU više od 25 muzeja i poznatih privatnih zbirki u Hrvatskoj čuva se između 4500 i 5000 staroegipatskih predmeta. Samo jedan muzej i jedna privatna zbirka u Hrvatskoj sadrže predmete iz razdoblja kulture Naqada i preddinastičkog (arhajskog) perioda. Tri se čuvaju u Muzeju Mimara u Zagrebu i to su: posuda od crvene breccije, alabasterna zdjela i mala bočica od pečene zemlje. Svi ostali predmeti se nalaze u posjedu privatnog kolekcionara gosp. Bošnjaka iz Kutine. Oni uključuju raznovrsne posude iz razdoblja kultura Naqada I.–III. kao i neke druge predmete iz arhajskog perioda. Oni su prethodno spomenuti u jednom katalogu (Bobovec 1991) i članku (Tomorad 2009: 539). Analiza izložena u ovom radu pokazala je da su svi ti predmeti stariji nego što se to ranije smatralo. Nova datiranja temelje se na komparativnoj analizi predmeta iz zbirki brojnih svjetskih muzeja te novih članaka, muzejskih kataloga i knjiga o preddinastičkim kulturama i arhajskom periodu.Approximately 4500 to 5000 Egyptian artefacts are presently kept in more than 25 museums and private collections in Croatia. Only one of these museums and one private collection contain artefacts from the Naqada and the Early dynastic (Archaic) periods. Three of these are kept in the Mimara Museum in Zagreb: a red breccia vessel, an alabaster bowl, and a small terracotta bottle. All other artefacts are kept in the private collection of Mr. Bošnjak from Kutina and they include various vessels and containers from the Naqada I–III cultures and certain other objects from the Archaic period. These objects were only previously mentioned in a small catalogue (Bobovec 1991) and a paper (Tomorad 2009: 539). The analysis presented in this paper shows that all these artefacts were crafted earlier than previously thought. New dates are proposed based on new comparative material from the collections around the world, and several new papers, museum catalogues and books about Pre-dynastic and Archaic periods
Experimental Archaeology - a replica of a Roman pottery kiln
Get PDFZahvaljujući dosadašnjim rezultatima arheoloških istraživanja rimske keramičarske peći „Ignacija“ u Crikvenici, pokrenut je 2011. godine eksperimentalni projekt gradnje njene replike prema originalnom tlocrtu umanjenu u omjeru 1:2. Po dovršetku radova, peć je stavljena u namjenu. Provedeno je nekoliko loženja tijekom kojih smo isprobali više mogućnosti režima pečenja kombinirajući razne sustave dimnih provođenja. Prvi rezultati ukazuju na nužnost postepenog zagrijavanja peći tijekom osam sati. U tom se vremenu unutar peći doseže optimalna temperatura za pečenje do 830ºC koju je nužno održavati sljedećih nekoliko sati nakon čega se peć hladi tijekom više sati. Zahvaljujući eksperimentalnom projektu pojasnili smo neke dvojbe vezane uz režim pečenja rimske keramike i tehnologiju rada peći.During the spring of 2011 an experimental project of the construction and firing of the replica of the Crikvenica ceramics kiln was carried out, within which we explored and examined an optimised regime of firing ceramics in the kiln.
The holder of the “Experimental Archaeology - A replica of a Roman pottery kiln” project was the Museum of the City of Crikvenica, whereas the scientists working on the project “North Croatian Littoral in the context of an ancient defence system” from the Institute of Archaeology participated as co-workers and expert scientific consultants. Given the fact that the project is largely dependent on the implementation of knowledge in civil engineering and thermodynamics, relevant experts in mentioned areas were consulted and have contributed significantly in the reconstruction of the kiln, its construction and its operation. The entire project is supported by a colleague dr. Eleni Kaudelka Schindler, our subcontractor and an expert consultant on this project.
Initial findings that we have used in building the replica of the Crikvenica kiln have originated from archaeological explorations of the structural remains of the kiln, which we named “Ignatius,” which was excavated in 2006 and 2007, during two years of the archaeological campaign. Based on the collected technical documentation, on all its structural parts and the ground plan, drawings of the replica of the Crikvenica kiln were made.
The replica of the Crikvenica ceramics kiln was built in a 1:2 scale. Buried structures of the kiln (furnace channel and the combustion chamber) and the structure above the thread (smoke chamber, grid and an arched ceiling) were built using the same technique of alternate brick laying. The entire building material was made following an ancient recipe. Quartz sand, chaff, ground bricks and water were added to clay in ratio that can also be defined by the structure of the ceramic construction elements produced in Crikvenica.
When building the arched ceiling 1.52 m high, apertures 26 cm wide were made, four in each row and fifth on the ridge of the vault. The system of smoke openings is the most sensitive technological process on which the quality of firing ceramics depends greatly. Since the knowledge of the optimal smoke and thermal regime can be obtained only by experimental attempts, so far we have spent several firings within the replica of the Crikvenica ceramics kiln using various systems of opening smoke apertures with different actions during the process of heating the kiln
ASSERIA 8 Museum of Ancient Glass Zadar, City of Benkovac, Zadar 2010, 404 pages, printing run 800 copies
No full textCrikvenica - Ad turres, 2011 field research, experimental archaeology project and a new evidence of the distribution of ceramic products from Crikvenica
Get PDFNastavkom sustavnih arheoloških istraživanja na lokalitetu „Igralište“ u Crikvenici 2011. godine obuhvaćen je sjeverozapadni dio dosad otkopanog lokaliteta, na kojem su se radovi koncentrirali na dvije zone. Na zapadnom dijelu su tako ustanovljene nove zidne i podne strukture, a na istočnom je ustanovljeno širenje radioničkog kompleksa sjeverno od dosad istraženog područja. Ovu pretpostavku su također potkrijepili nalazi iz dvaju probnih iskopa koji su učinjeni na sjevernom dijelu pomoćnog nogometnog igrališta. Ovogodišnja istraživanja obuhvatila su i obradu nalaza s ranijih istraživanja, projekt eksperimentalne arheologije, odnosno, gradnju replike rimske keramičarske peći te istraživanje distribucije crikveničkih keramičarskih proizvoda na temelju nalaza s kvarnerskih i sjevernodalmatinskih lokaliteta.During 2011 systematic archaeological excavations at the site “Igralište” in Crikvenica the northwest area of the site was investigated (about 500 m²) on which, in previous years, only the youngest stages were indicated. In the western part of this area new walls and floor structures were discovered, which indicate the existence of several phases and can be interpreted as residential area. In the eastern part of the north-western workshop space, the area surrounding the Roman road was explored, and the spreading of the wall structure that was thought to be the northern boundary of the workshop was established. Additional indications of the spreading of the workshop to the northern part of the auxiliary football field are found in two test probes in which the architecture from Roman times was established.
This year’s work on the research of the workshop complex of Sextus Metilius Maximus was complemented by the preliminary and detailed interpretation of the findings, by the analysis of the distribution of products of the workshop in accordance with findings from other sites and by the experimental archaeology project. International scientific colloquium held in October in Crikvenica (organized as part of this project in collaboration with the Museum of Crikvenica) was an opportunity to present the findings to the wider scientific community and also to confirm, or verify, the present knowledge about the examples from similar sites
Late Roman Pottery from Roman Village Virovitica Kiškorija Jug (Upper Pannonia) Found in 14C Dated Units
Get PDFIl villaggio romano di Virovitica Kiškorija jug (sud), un semplice insediamento di capanne di legno e paglia, si trova in Pannonia Superior, a sud del fiume Drava e a nord della strada magistrale romana tra Poetovio e Mursa (Fig. 1). Il villaggio è stato scavato nel 2005, come indagine protettiva che precedeva la costruzione della tangenziale orientale della città di Virovitica. Questo lavoro riguarda solamente quei ritrovamenti ceramici tardo antichi provenienti dalle unità stratigrafiche datate col 14C. Tra queste unità, ve ne sono cinque datate dal III all’inizio del V sec. La maggior parte della ceramica è ceramica grezza, prodotta localmente, dalle forme e dalla tecnologia semplice. Strutturalmente e tipologicamente, la ceramica trovata nell’insediamento vicino: Bolentio (Orešac) mostra rapporti con la ceramica locale di Virovitica Kiškorija jug. Si presenteranno anche i frammenti di ceramica invetriata (mortai e tegami), depurata, grigia e terra sigillata, e si parlerà delle caratteristiche principali della ceramica trovata in queste unità, si cercherà di fare confronti con la ceramica delle altre località – principalmente di Pannonia Superior