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Small bodies in a big world: anthropo-ornithomorphic Iron Age pendants from Caput Adriae
Get PDFPrivjesci su u čovjekovoj percepciji i estetici oduvijek imali iznimno važnu ulogu. Kao nositelji informacija, odnosno kao medij određene metaforičke poruke većinom se interpretiraju u tradiciji razvijenih komunikacijskih odnosa u sustavu vrijednosti različitih kulturnih i društvenih poredaka. Antropo-ornitomorfni privjesci gornjojadranske kulturne regije (Caput Adriae) s pripadajućim zaleđem bili su tijekom kraja starijega željeznog doba nesumnjivo pristupačan znak ali i simbol. U ovom radu podrobna pozornost posvećena im je glede tipološko-stilske i kronološke klasifikacije, pri čemu su vrednovani dostupni arheološki i kulturni konteksti na širem europskom prostoru. Sukladno okolnostima, pokatkad im je definirana i namjena, a njihovo korištenje pokazalo se u dinamičnim i ambivalentnim ideološko-semantičkim strukturama. S obzirom na likovni koncept znak–simbol, privjesci su ikonografski i simbolički interpretirani. Zaključeno je kako su ta „mala tijela”, kao metafora androgenog s idejom apotropejskog i profilaktičkog, bila u „velikom svijetu” trenutačno vizualno (neverbalno) razumljiva, (kognitivno) priznavana i (kulturno) široko prihvaćena poput korespondenta u neposrednom ophođenju složenih i zapletenih međuodnosa između ljudi i društava.Pendants have always had an exceptionally important role in man’s perception and aesthetics. As carriers of information, i.e. as the mediums of a certain metaphoric messages, they are mostly interpreted in the tradition of developed communicational relations in the value systems of different cultural and social orders. At the end of the Early Iron Age, anthropo-ornithomorphic pendants from the upper Adriatic cultural region (Caput Adriae), and the attached hinterland, were undoubtedly accessible signs, as well as symbols. This paper discusses their typological, stylistic and chronological classification in detail, assessing available archaeological and cultural contexts from the wider European area. Depending on the circumstances, some of their roles are defined, and their use was presented in dynamic and ambivalent ideological-semantic structures. The pendants were iconographically and symbolically interpreted based on the artistic concept of sign–symbol. It was concluded that these “small bodies”, as a metaphor for the androgynous with the idea of apotropaic and prophylactic, were momentarily visually (nonverbally) understandable, (cognitively) recognizable, and (culturally) widely accepted in the “big world” as correspondents in the indirect transfer of intricate and complex interrelationships between people and societies
The Church of St. George in Mateško Selo: the finds from the graves from the Late Middle Ages and the Modern Age
Get PDFU okviru obnove crkve sv. Jurja u Mateškom Selu, jugoistočno od Generalskog Stola, obavljena su zaštitna arheološka iskopavanja i istraživanja u razdoblju od 1999. do 2001. Otkrivene su i definirane brojne faze crkve čija je jedna od osnovnih karakteristika da je sagrađena od brojnih sanduka i poklopaca rimskih kamenih urni, koji su ovdje poslužili kao veoma pogodan i prilagodljiv građevinski materijal. Tijekom istraživanja iskopano je 170 grobova, od čega 29 unutar, a 141 izvan crkve. Najraniji grobovi datirani su u kraj 12. i početak 13. st., pa se u to vrijeme ili nešto ranije datiraju i najstarije faze crkve. Najmlađi grobovi datirani su u početak 19. st. kada ova crkva postaje župna te se prestaje sa sahranjivanjem. Uz grobove i uokolo njih kao preostaci starijih, uništenih grobova, nađeni su brojni grobni nalazi koji predstavljaju nabožne predmete (medaljice, križevi, zrna krunice), dijelove nošnji (dugmad, kopče, metalni konac) i nakita (prstenje, perle, igle, naušnice). Upravo ovakvi nalazi, sveukupno njih 158, predstavljaju okosnicu rada. Istraživanje ovakvih grobova iz kasnoga srednjeg i novog vijeka iznimno je bitno zbog datiranja pojedinih faza crkve kroz sagledavanje odnosa grobova i arhitekture, ali i upoznavanja nošnje i pogrebnih običaja stanovnika ovog dijela karlovačkog kraja.The renovation of the Church of St. George in Mateško Selo, southeast of Generalski Stol, included archaeological rescue excavations and research from 1999 to 2001. They discovered and defined many phases of the church, characterized by the fact that it was built with numerous recipients and lids of Roman stone urns, which served as very suitable and flexible building materials. 170 graves were uncovered: 29 inside the church and 141 outside it. The earliest graves were dated to the late 12th century and the early 13th century, which is why the oldest phases of the church were dated to the same period or a little earlier. The youngest graves were dated to the early 19th century, when the building became a parish church and the burials were discontinued. Numerous finds around and near the graves turned out to be the remains of older, destroyed graves: devotional objects (medals, crosses, rosary beads), parts of clothes (buttons, buckles, metal thread) and jewellery (fingerings, beads, pins, earrings). These finds, 158 in total, are the main theme of this paper. Exploration of such graves from the Late Middle Ages and the Modern Age is exceptionally important for dating the particular phases of the church by analysing the relations between graves and architecture, but also for gaining knowledge about costumes and funerary rites of the inhabitants of this part of the Karlovac region
Field survey in the areas of sub-Velebit Coast and Gacka (Senj, Lukovo, Otočac)
Get PDFNastavak aktivnosti terenskoga pregleda i registracije poznatih i novoutvrđenih lokaliteta na području Podvelebita i neposrednog zaleđa u 2016. godine provedeni su, zbog nepogodnih vremenskih uvjeta, u nešto manjem obuhvatu. Pregledane su pozicije u okolici Lukova Otočkoga, Stinice i u naselju Čovići, dok je dio aktivnosti bio usmjeren na lociranje podataka poznatih iz literature i interpretaciju zračnih snimaka te kartografskih podataka.In November 2016 a field survey campaign has been carried out in the area of the sub-Velebit Coast and within the Gacka plain. The areas interested by the survey are those of the settlements Lukovo otočko, Stinica and Čovići, while other data was gathered through literature, historic cartography, aerial photography and local population interviewing.
One of the tasks of this year's activities was that of locating the hill fort system around Lukovo bay. Due to a lack of precise geolocations and bad weather, only two positions were surveyed, giving negative results. Nevertheless, data on underwater finds and sites was plotted within GIS as well as potential land sites identified through cartography and aerial photography. These sites will be surveyed in one of the following campaigns.
In the internal area of the region, the site of the Mithraeum at Rajanov grič was surveyed, as well as the saddle Baške Oštarije
Archaeological topography of the island of Rab: geophysics, trial excavations and topographic research in 2016
Get PDFAktivnosti projekta „Arheološka topografija otoka Raba” u 2016. godini obuhvatile su, uz terenske preglede koji čine okosnicu istraživanja, i niz različitih aktivnosti provedenih sa svrhom boljeg razumijevanja ranije utvrđenih lokaliteta. Aktivnim uključivanjem u projekt „Tisućljeće rapskog benediktinstva” čiji je nositelj samostan sv. Andrije u Rabu, zajedno s kolegom dr. sc. B. Mušičem (Sveučilište u Ljubljani) provedena su geofizička istraživanja na području samostanskoga vrta. Sondažna su istraživanja provedena na lokalitetima Za Markovićem i Pudarica, dok su terenski pregledi obuhvatili različita područja otoka.Activities of the project "Archaeological topography of the island of Rab" in 2016 comprised a series of research undertakings aimed at outlining known sites and defining new ones through filed survey. As an active partner in the „Millenium of Rab's Benedictism“ project (Monastery of st. Andrew, Rab) together with Branko Mušič, PhD (University of Ljubljana), geophysical prospections of the Monastery's garden were carried out in hope to establish the archaeological potential of the area, known from various sources to have been the seat of the Bishop's palace, a church and perhaps other buildings and a graveyard. Results, difficult to interpret due to the multilayered architectonic history of the area, do show the presence of structures and debris layers in various zones of the garden.
Secondly, trial excavations have been carried out on two previously identified sites: Za Markovićem and Pudarica. In the first case, two test pits have been dug on two terraces located below and above a supposedly antique wall, today incorporated in a drywall terracing structure. In the 2nd pit a complex stratigraphy emerged, while finds seem to point to a Late Antique datation of the identified structures and probably of the visible wall. Similarly, the test pit at Pudarica, aimed at investigating and preserving a grave previously damaged by infrastructure excavations, has proven a Late Antique cemeterial activity in the area. Though the grave served as a child burial over a longer period of time, rare finds point to a later Roman date. Finally, field surveys were carried out on numerous sites on the island, pointing to a complex rural settling in Late Antiquity, but survey also resulted with finds that identify potential sites from Prehistoric and post-Medieval times. Both trial excavations and field surveys have enriched our knowledge on the Late Antique rural settlement pattern on the island, providing clearer dates and pointing to particular features that can guide future research
Pokrovnik – The Material Culture of the Neolithic Settlement
Get PDFU radu su obrađeni i prezentirani arheološki ostatci prikupljeni prilikom novih istraživanja neolitičkog nalazišta u Pokrovniku. Prikupljena arheološka građa važna je u kontekstu daljnjeg proučavanja karaktera i dinamike razvoja neolitičkih zajednica istočnog Jadrana, posebno prijelaza iz ranog u srednji neolitik. Uz stilsko-tipološke srodnosti dviju zastupljenih kultura, u radu je poseban naglasak stavljen na pojedinačne keramičke i ukrasne predmete koji upotpunjuju kulturnu sliku neolitika istočnog Jadrana.The archaeological remains collected during recent excavations of the Neolithic site of Pokrovnik are discussed and presented in this work. The collected archaeological material is important in the context of further study of the character and dynamics of the development of the Neolithic community of the eastern Adriatic, particularly at the transition from the Early to the Middle Neolithic. Along with stylistic and typological similarities of the two cultures in question, special emphasis is placed on individual pottery and decorative objects that complement the cultural image of the eastern Adriatic Neolithic
Contribution to the Study of Astragal Belt Segments from the Territory of Central and Southeastern Europe
No full textU radu su prikazani novi i nepublikovani nalazi članaka astragalnih pojaseva, kao i oni primerci publikovani u manje dostupnoj literaturi. Na osnovu klasifikacija prethodnih istraživača i manjih autorskih dopuna, izdvojeno je ukupno pet tipova članaka – Glasinac, Štoj, Banoštor, Srem i Dunaszekcső, dok je tip Srem podeljen na tri varijante: Osijek, Beograd i Mačva. Prvim člancima astragalnih pojaseva smatraju se primerci tipa Glasinac, koji su obeležili period od početka 6. pa skoro do sredine 5. veka pr. n. e. Na teritoriji današnje Albanije razvija se i tip Štoj, koji je geografski veoma ograničen. Sredinom ili krajem 6. veka pr. n. e. javlja se tip Banoštor, a dalji hronološki razvoj astragalnih pojaseva dovodi nas do tipa Srem i njegovih varijanti Osijek, Mačva i Beograd. U periodu od sredine 6. do sredine 3. veka pr. n. e. ovaj tip pojaseva zahvata veliku teritoriju Podunavlja, Posavine i u manjoj meri Pomoravlja. Početkom 3. veka pr. n. e. javlja se i tip Dunaszekcső, koji obuhvata veliku teritoriju Podunavlja, Posavine, Potisja, Pomorišja i Pomoravlja.In this paper the authors present new and unpublished finds of astragal belts segments, as well as those examples published in less available literature. Based on the classifications by previous researchers, and minor contributions by the authors, a total of five types of segments have been defined – Glasinac, Shtojit, Banoštor, Syrmian and Dunaszekcső. The Syrmian type was further divided into three variations: Osijek, Belgrade, and Mačva. The first astragal belt segments are considered to be examples of the Glasinac type that marked the period from the beginning of the 6th cent. BC until the middle of the 5th cent. BC. The Shtojit type, which is geographically very limited, developed in the territory of present day Albania. In the middle of late 6th cent. BC, the Banoštor type occurs, and further chronological development lead to the Syrmian type and its variants Osijek, Mačva, and Belgrade. During the period between the middle of 6th and the middle of 3rd cent. BC, these types of belt segments encompassed a large territory in the Danube and Sava river regions, and to a lesser extent the Morava river region. At the beginning of the 3rd cent. BC, the Dunaszekcső type also occurs, encompassing a vast territory of the Danube, Sava, Tisza, Mureș, and Morava river regions
Project RED’s field activities in 2016: geophysical and filed surveys
Get PDFTerenske aktivnosti projekta Hrvatske zaklade za znanost “RED: Rimska ekonomija u Dalmaciji: proizvodnja, distribucija i potražnja u svijetlu keramičarskih radionica” (IP-11-2013-3973) obuhvatile su niz terenskih pregleda potencijalnih lokacija keramičarskih peći, pretpostavljenih na temelju indikatora proizvodnje. Osim toga, na lokalitetima u uvali Podšilo (Lopar, otok Rab), u suradnji s kolegama sa Sveučilišta u Varšavi i Sveučilišta Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski iz Varšave, provedena su magnetometrijska i geofizička istraživanja.Within the project RED – Roman Economy in Dalmatia: production, distribution and demand in the light of pottery workshops (Croatian Science Foundation, IP-11-2013-3973), a series of field surveys and geophysical prospections has been carried out in 2016. The goal of the surveys, carried out on the islands of Krk and Rab, and in Plemići bay (općina Ražanac), was to review potential indicators of pottery and ceramics production, and to retrieve samples of products and raw materials for further analysis. On the island of Krk two potential sites were surveyed (Sv. Maritin – Porat, Sv. Petar – Soline); while in Soline bay pottery production has been confirmed by very evident production wasters, in sv. Martin bay the evidence is still inconclusive. At Plemići bay, on the other hand, the presence of ancient pottery production has been already confirmed, so our main task was sample collection.
Geophysical prospections, carried out in collaboration with the University of Warsaw and Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University (Warsaw) in Podšilo bay at Lopar (island of Rab), were targeted at better understanding the location of the formerly excavated kiln within a wider settlement pattern identified in the bay's hinterland. Result show that in three of the five surveyed zones on Beli grad and Podkućine sites, remains of (ancient) architecture are visible at the depth of around 50 cm. This multidisciplinary approach to pottery and ceramics production aims at identifying the typologies of settings within which pottery production developed on the eastern Adriatic coast
Potencial znotrajnajdiščne prostorske analize za razumevanje poodložitvenih procesov v nadzorovanih okoliščinah: študija s kolišča Resnikov prekop (Slovenija)
Get PDFThis paper is dedicated to proving the relevance of intra-site spatial analysis as a means of testing the integrity of the archaeological record, even in “unfamiliar”, post-depositionally affected contexts. When, as in the case discussed in this paper, the nature, strength and potential effects of such processes have been reconstructed through a preliminary multidisciplinary approach, spatial analysis identifying patterns in concrete and decisive categories of evidence, corroborates assessments of whether and to what extent post-depositional disturbances have changed their original spatial distribution. Comparison between the results of both such approaches contributes to the current debate regarding the formation and deformation processes which took place at Resnikov Prekop and will shed more light on the interpretation of the spatial patterns observed.Članek obravnava pomen znotrajnajdiščnih prostorskih analiz pri ocenjevanju obsega motenj arheološkega zapisa v okrnjenih kontekstih, izpostavljenih poodložitvenim procesom. Kjer je mogoče naravo, jakost in potencialni učinek takšnih procesov zadovoljivo rekonstruirati, kot je bilo to s preliminarnimi multidisciplinarnimi raziskavami doseženo v tukaj predstavljenem primeru koliščarske naselbine Resnikov prekop, lahko analiza prostorske razpršenosti posameznih kategorij najdb pomembno prispeva k oceni razkoraka med njihovim izvirnim in poznejšim, z izkopavanji dokumentiranim vzorcem porazdelitve. Primerjava rezultatov obeh omenjenih analitičnih pristopov je namreč zagotovila nova spoznanja o nastajanju arheološkega zapisa na omenjenem kolišču in obenem ponudila nekatere nove možnosti razlage ugotovljene prostorske razpršenosti arheoloških najdb
Excavations at Stancija Blek (Tar) in 2016 – establishing the earliest phases of the complex
Get PDFIstraživanja na lokalitetu Stancija Blek nedaleko Tara (općina Tar – Vabriga) provode se u suradnji Instituta za arheologiju i Zavičajnog muzeja Poreštine. Od ove se godine u projekt uključilo i Sveučilište u Bologni. Ovogodišnja su istraživanja obuhvatila ranije istraživani prostor tzv. Prostorije 8 (cisternu i prostor zapadno od nje) uz proširenja na tzv. Prostoriju 1 (središnji prostor utvrđenja). Iako su na oba prostora ustanovljeni tragovi najranije gradbene faze kompleksa, upravo su na potonjem pronađeni pokretni nalazi koji upućuju na dataciju u srediinu 1. stoljeća. Kao i prošle godine, pred kraj istraživanja, u Taru je održano predavanje o njegovim rezultatima.Archaeological excavations at Stancija Blek (Tar, Tar – Vabriga municipality) in 2016 covered the areas of, as previously defined, Room 8 and Room 1. In fact, research was carried out to define the western perimeter of the cistern, the area to the east of it, and to review the presence of archaeological stratiphication within the "tower", where previous clearings have taken away part of the infill.
In the western part of R8 a more complex stratigraphy has been determined, providing a better understanding of the layers excavated in the previous years. A phase, to which burnt layers and white mortar features can be linked, laid above a reddish layer into which a posthole had been dug. Below this features, upon removal of the wall SU 059, layers of destruction were excavated showing the presence of two walls belonging, probably, to the earliest phases of the complex. As the destruction layers yielded mostly 5th-6th c. materials, the burnt layers, the mortar features but also the oven, must be dated later. One of the newly established walls (SU 161) creates a channel-like feature along the western wall of the cistern, on whose bottom a layer of floor preparation has been established. The function of the other newly established wall, SU 143, is at this point still unclear.
In the eastern part of P8, excavations showed that the eastern wall of the cistern, though built in a tripartite way, presents a much thicker external wall (SU 142). SU 115, a drywall structure partly build on the cistern's infill (SU 113) and partly on the other two section of the cistern's eastern wall (SU 054–055), leans onto this wall. A complex situation has been noted in the northern part of the cistern as well. Here, two structures are laid above SU 054/058 (the cistern wall onto which the wall of P1 was later built), closing a gap between the walls of P1 and SU 142. By removing part of the cistern's infill, a larger section of the hydraulic mortar applied on SU 058 is now visible, with a gap corresponding to the supposed location of a ceiling's supporting pilaster.
This year excavation was extended to P1, the inner space of the tower. As this area has been subjected to debris clearing through a long period of time, almost all stratigraphy is lost. Nevertheless, a structure built along (and perhaps underneath) SU 058 has been established, as well as layers of floor preparation in the central area of this space. In the SE corner layers are better preserved though in small sections, thus hindering their interpretation. This area yielded materials datable to the mid-1st c. AD, confirming an early Roman phase of the complex
Antičko staklo s lokaliteta Lokvišće Jadranovo
Get PDFPovoljan položaj uvale Lokvišća u Jadranovu bio je korišten za luku još tijekom prethistorijskog doba. Osim povoljne luke to je i najbliža točka za prijelaz na otok Krk do položaja znakovitog naziva Voz. Iz rimskog vremena ostala je zabilježena pomorska bitka koja se odvijala u ovom tjesnacu između Havišća/Lokvišća, Krka i otočića Sv. Marka 49. godine pr. Kr. između vojskovođa suparnika u građanskom ratu Pompeja i Julija Cezara. Od početka 20. stoljeća zabilježeni su razni podaci o arheološkim ostacima na ovom području. Krajem istog stoljeća provedena su arheološka istraživanja koja su uz nalaze brončanoga doba otkrili i vrijedne nalaze iz vremena rimske vladavine na ovom prostoru. Nalazi ukazuju na kontinuirani život na Havišću/Lokvišću koji možemo pratiti od polovice 1. stoljeća pr. Kr. do 5. stoljeća tj. razdoblja kasne antike. Gotovo istu sliku vidimo u analizi staklenih predmeta pronađenih tijekom tih istraživanja. Staklo datiramo od 1. st. do 5. st. po. Kr. Usporedit ćemo ga sa rimskim lokalitetima u blizini: Crikvenica Igralište, Omišalj i Bakar ali i širim istočnojadranskim prostorom