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Dolina – Glavičice – Research of the tumulus cemetery from the end of the Late Bronze Age
Get PDFU listopadu 2017. godine provedena su arheološka istraživanja u Dolini na položaju Glavičice, gdje su istraženi tumul 10 kao i probna sonda na pretpostavljenom položaju ravnoga groblja. U tumulu 10 otkriveni su ostaci opljačkanoga groba 1 te ostatak groba 2, pri čemu su tijekom istraživanja dokumentirani i tragovi aktivnosti tijekom pogrebnih rituala provedenih prije podizanja zemljanoga humka. U probnoj sondi nisu pronađeni tragovi arheoloških cijelina, osim malobrojnih keramičkih ulomaka prikupljenih u sloju humusa.During the archaeological excavations carried out in 2017 tumulus 10 was excavated at the site Glavičice in Dolina. The upper grave in Tumulus 10 was plundered in the past (Fig. 3). The results of the research confirmed the assumption that the structure of each tumulus flowed independently and only in adjacent tumuli, according to the present knowledge, traces of collective memory and established tradition can be expected. Since only a small part of the community living in a settlement situated at the site Babine Grede were buried under the tumuli, it is not excluded that tumuli were constructed for a longer period. The recognizable chronological difference, proved by type-chronological analysis, indicates a range of 80–100 years in burials under the tumuli. In addition to the chronological difference, one may also have to account for a different position of the deceased who were buried under the tumuli, that is, it could be related to family or other social affiliation
Geophysical research at Osijek Vojakovački – Mihalj site in 2017
Get PDFNa srednjovjekovnom arheološkom nalazištu Osijek Vojakovački ‒ Mihalj u potkalničkome kraju, koje se sastoji od tri objekta – zemljane utvrde te dva kamena objekta vjerojatno sakralne namjene, provedena su geofizička istraživanja u kojima su prepoznate i nove, do sada nepoznate, strukture na ovome lokalitetu. Osnovni cilj geofizčkih istraživanja je bila procjena arheološkog potencijala izradom karata anomalija u različitim geofizičkim poljima primjenom georadarske metode (GSSI SIR3000, 400 MHz antena), magnetske metode (Geometrics G-858), metode električnog otpora na način geoelektričnog kartiranja (Geoscan RM15) i 2D geoelektrične tomografije (ARES) te niskofrekvencijske elektromagnetske metode (CMD Miniexplorer). Provedenim geofizičkim istraživanjima potvrđen je potencijal arheološkoga nalazišta i prikupljeni su svi potrebni podaci za ciljano određivanje pozicija arheoloških sondi u budućim arheološkim istraživanjima.The Institute of Archaeology (Zagreb) carried out the geophysical research of the late medieval archaeological complex Osijek Vojakovački – Mihalj (Koprivnica-Križevci County) in the cooperation with GEARH Ltd. (Maribor). The site consists of a wooden-earthen fortification (object 1) and the remains of two buildings with stone foundations for which we presume sacral purpose (objects 2 and 3).
The basic goal of geophysical research was to evaluate the archaeological potential by creating anomalies maps in different geophysical fields using the georadar method (GSSI SIR3000, 400 MHz antenna), magnetic methods (Geometrics G-858), resistivity mapping method (Geoscan RM15), 2D resistivity tomography (ARES) and low-frequency electromagnetic method (CMD Miniexplorer). The geophysical research has confirmed the potential of the archaeological site and all the necessary data were collected for the purpose of determining the positions of archaeological trenches in future archaeological investigations. Furthermore, new, unknown structures were recognized at this site also which are not recognizable in terrain configuration. This especially refers to clearly recognized elongated building with five rooms in a row which is situated underneath the so called object 3 which appears above the earth as a circular stone building. Such disposition of the architectural remains underneath the surface opens the possibility of existence of a monastery, whereby this particular segment could belong to the northern wing of the monastery building. The rest of the building’s wings are less recognizable on some geophysical recordings in the southern area towards the church (object 2), and are probably less well preserved in their foundations
Early Modern Archaeology in Croatia – Problems of Methodology, Terminology and Nomenclature
No full textU članku se daje pregled korištenja i značenja termina novovjekovna arheologija u svijetu i Hrvatskoj. Angloamerička i britanska znanstvena zajednica bave se arheologijom novoga vijeka od 60.-ih i 70.-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Zapadnoeuropska arheologija posvećuje ovoj grani više pažnje 70.-ih i 80.-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Srednjoeuropska arheologija intenzivnije se bavi pitanjima novovjekovne arheologije posljednjih 30-ak godina. U ovome se radu iznose svi termini koji se pojavljuju u stručnoj i znanstvenoj literaturi, pojašnjava se njihovo značenje u povijesnom i arheološkom kontekstu te se sagledava metodološki pristup obuhvaćenih znanstvenih zajednica. Također se iznosi stanje istraženosti u Hrvatskoj, statistički podaci o vrsti i broju istraživanja novovjekovnih nalazišta Hrvatske, kao i prijedlozi periodizacije, terminologije i nazivlja. Arheologija novoga vijeka u Hrvatskoj relativno je mlada znanstvena disciplina koja ima priliku učiti na uspjesima i pogreškama europske novovjekovne arheologije te se razviti u jaku i dominantnu, multidisciplinarnu struku, metodološki se nastavljajući na sveukupnu hrvatsku arheologiju.The article gives an overview of the use and meaning of the term “early modern archaeology” around the world and in Croatia. The Anglo-American and British scientific communities have been interested in early modern archaeology since the 1960s and 1970s. West European archaeology has devoted more attention to this scientific branch from the 1970s and 1980s, while archaeologists from Central Europe have showed more interest in this field in the last 30 years. This article presents all the terms used in professional and scientific literature, explains their meaning in the historical and archaeological context, and examines the methodological approaches of particular scientific communities. Furthermore, it presents the state of research in Croatia, the statistical data on the type and number of excavated Croatian early modern sites, as well as suggestions on periodization, terminology, and nomenclature. Early modern archaeology in Croatia is a relatively new scientific discipline that has an opportunity to learn from the successes and failures of European early modern archaeology and develop into a strong and dominant multidisciplinary profession, methodologically continuing Croatian archaeology
Research results of the La Tène culture cemetery at Zvonimirovo – Veliko polje in 2017
Get PDFNastavak zaštitnih istraživanja nalazišta Zvonimirovo – Veliko polje obuhvatio je središnji dio uzvisine na kojem su pronađeni paljevinski grobovi latenske kulture. Veličinom grobne rake izdvaja se dvojni grob LT 116 s odvojenim hrpicama spaljenih kostiju od kojih svaka sadržava rodno karakteristične nalaze. Na jednoj hrpici spaljenih kostiju pronađeni su naoružanje i predmeti muške nošnje, dok su s drugom hrpicom zabilježeni nalazi predmeta ženske nošnje. U središnjem dijelu grobne rake pronađena je i keramička posuda. Pronađeni grobovi, na osnovi tipoloških karakteristika nalaza naoružanja kao i predmeta nošnje, datiraju se u LT C2 stupanj (Mokronog IIb).Rescue excavation at Zvonimirovo – Veliko polje site in 2017 was undertaken at the central part of an elevation where two cremation graves were found belonging to the La Tène culture (LT 116 – LT 117). What particularly stands out is a large grave pit for double burial LT 116 (Fig. 1) with bend sword in scabbard and spear accompanied by iron fibulae and belt set composed of buckle and rings (Fig. 2). In the central part of the grave pit was a bowl, while in the south-eastern corner a heap of cremation bones with iron chain belt and bronze and iron fibulae with two knobs (Fig. 3) was revealed. Another burial LT 117 was completely destroyed by deep ploughing and only the bottom of a grave pit with heap of cremation bones and fragments of ceramic vessel have been preserved. Both graves date back to LT C2, that is, Mokronog IIb phase
Prehistoric polished stone implements from northwestern Croatia
Get PDFGlačano kameno oruđe vrlo je važna vrsta pokretnoga arheološkog materijala s prapovijesnih lokaliteta. U fundusu Arheološkoga muzeja u Zagrebu čuva se oko 220 neobjavljenih predmeta te vrste s područja sjeverozapadne Hrvatske. U ovome radu ti će predmeti biti tipološki, kronološki i prostorno analizirani, s ciljem proširenja spoznaja o razdobljima neolitika i eneolitika na spomenutome području. Iako su nalazi u muzej stizali odvojeno i bez podataka o kontekstu pronalaska, i to početkom 20. stoljeća, njegova brojnost i tipološka raznolikost svjedoče o intenzivnom naseljavanju toga prostora u spomenutim razdobljima. Nalazi potječu sa 71 lokacije, a podijeljeni su u osam tipoloških cjelina koje su zatim kronološki određene. Prema tipološkim obilježjima i usporedbama s drugim, dobro datiranim nalazima, dio analiziranih nalaza pripisan je neolitičkima starčevačkoj, linearnotrakastoj i sopotskoj kulturi ili bakrenodobnima lasinjskoj, retzgajarskoj i vučedolskoj kulturi, s napomenom da prema nekim obilježjima dio nalaza može biti datiran u brončano te rano željezno doba. Osim tipološke analize glačanih kamenih izrađevina, cilj ovog rada jest i utvrđivanje arheološke topografije proučavanoga prostora te izrada plana za buduće terenske preglede i arheološka istraživanja.Polished stone tools are a highly important kind of movable archaeological material from prehistoric sites. The Archaeological Museum in Zagreb keeps about 220 unpublished finds of this kind from the territory of northwestern Croatia. This paper brings the typological, chronological and spatial analysis of these finds, with the aim of expanding knowledge on the Neolithic and Copper Age periods on the discussed territory. Although the material made its way to the Museum on different occasions at the beginning of the 20th century, with no data on the context of discovery, the number of finds and their typological diversity testify to the intensive settling of the area in the aforementioned periods. The material originated from 71 locations and was divided into eight typological groups that were then chronologically defined. Based on the typological characteristics and comparisons to other, well-dated finds, some of these finds were ascribed to the Neolithic Starčevo, Linear Pottery and Sopot, the Copper Age Lasinja, Retz-Gajary and Vučedol cultures, noting that some of the traits indicate a part of the material could be dated to the Bronze and the Early Iron Age. In addition to the typological analysis of polished stone tools, the aim was to establish the archaeological topography of the studied area and to create a plan for future field surveys and archaeological research
ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS OF THE BANJAČE SITE
No full textU članku se obrađuju rezultati arheoloških istraživanja koja je Odsjek za arheologiju Filozofskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu 2005. god. proveo na lokalitetu Banjače, na trasi dionice Jadranske autoceste Dugopolje – Bisko. Lokalitet se nalazilo u neposrednoj blizini antičkih cesta koje su od Salone vodile prema granici i unutrašnjosti provincije Dalmacije. Istraženi su ostaci dvaju objekata koji su građeni suhozidnom tehnikom, a služili su kao radni prostori, odnosno Objekt 1 vjerojatno kao skladišni prostor, a Objekt 2 kao prostor za procesuiranje i skladištenje hrane. Riječ je o dijelu ruralnog naselja koje je na ovom mjestu osnovano početkom 5. stoljeća.The paper brings the results of archaeological excavations conducted by the Department of Archaeology of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the University of Zagreb in 2005 at the Banjače site, situated on the route of the Adriatic motorway between Dugopolje and Bisko. The site is located in close proximity of Roman roads that went from Salona to the border and the heartland of the province of Dalmatia. The excavations uncovered the remains of two drywall structures that were used as working areas, i.e. Structure 1 probably as storage, and Structure 2 as an area for processing and storing food. The site is a part of a rural settlement that was founded at the beginning of the 5th century
Preliminary results of archaeological research in Batina in 2017
Get PDFoai:repozitorij.iarh.hr:iarh_352U okviru projekta Arheološka baština Baranje, proveden je nastavak istraživanja nalazišta Batina – Sredno čija su dosadašnja iskopavanja pružila vrijedne podatke o životu vrlo bogate zajednice s kraja kasnoga brončanog i početka starijega željeznog doba te su donijela nove spoznaje o stanovnicima utvrde Ad Militare smještene na dunavskome limesu. Cilj istraživanja, poduzetih na sjeveroistočnome dijelu položaja Sredno, bio je usporediti rezultate geomagnetnih istraživanja provedenih 2016. godine sa stvarnom slikom nalazišta. Rezultati geomagnetnih istraživanja točno su locirali sve objekte koji su pronađeni u istraženim sondama, iako se u nekim slučajevima interpretacija razlikovala od stvarno pronađenih nalaza, što pokazuje kako nije moguće interpretirati rezultate nedestruktivnih metoda istraživanja bez poduzimanja arheoloških iskopavanja. Pored otkrića osam rimskih paljevinskih i kosturnih grobova, posebno je važno otkriće većega prapovijesnog objekta, koji se prepoznaje i na geomagnetnoj snimci, čije će buduće iskopavanje pokazati radi li se o ostacima nekoga starijeg ili mlađeg prapovijesnog naselja u odnosu na groblje daljske grupe. Pronađeni ukopi poginulih vojnika iz vremena Batinske bitke iz II. svjetskoga rata također pokazuju kako je strateška važnost Batine bila prepoznata i kasnije te se zadržala sve do danas.As part of the project Archaeological Heritage of Baranya, an excavation of the Batina – Sredno site has been carried out. Previously conducted research has provided valuable data on the life of a prosperous community from the Late Bronze to the Early Iron Age, and has brought new insights into the life of inhabitants of the Ad Militare fort located on the Danube limes. The aim of the research, undertaken in the northeastern part of the Sredno site, was to compare the results of geomagnetic research conducted in 2016 with the actual situation of the site. The results of geomagnetic research have accurately located all the objects found in the investigated trenches, though in some cases the interpretation differed from those actually found, indicating that it is not possible to interpret the results of non-destructive research methods without taking archaeological excavations. In addition to the discovery of eight Roman cremation and inhumation burials from the time of Severi, the discovery of a large prehistoric object is particularly important, which is also recognized during the geomagnetic survey, whose future excavation will show if it is a remain of an older or younger prehistoric settlement in relation to the cemetery of the Dalj group. Burials of fallen soldiers from the time of the Battle of Batina in World War II were also found which also show that the strategic importance of Batina was recognized in later times and that it remains until present
Experimental smelting of iron ore and dismantling of the utilized smelting furnace
Get PDFTijekom 2017. godine članovi projektnog tima TransFER sudjelovali su na devetoj radionici tehnike taljenja željezne rude održanoj u mjestu Stara huť u Adamovu kraj Brna u Češkoj Republici. Osnovni cilj bio je bolje razumijevanje pitanja proizvodnje željeza i što točnije interpretacije do sada istraženih nalaza povezanih s taljenjem željezne rude u različitim arheološkim razdobljima na prostoru Podravine. U prvom dijelu radionice težište je bilo na edukaciji polaznika o svim etapama dobivanja željeza iz rude kao i boljem razumijevanju popratnih aktivnosti, dok je u drugom dijelu težište bilo na aktivnom sudjelovanju u čitavom postupku taljenja u talioničkoj peći. Na inicijativu članova projekta TransFER na kraju se pristupilo razgradnji talioničke peći u kojoj je obavljen eksperiment. U provedenim istraživanjima, koja su simulirala arheološka iskopavanja, cilj je bio definiranje i prepoznavanje svih slojeva njene izrade i popravaka te usporedba dobivenih rezultata s nalazišnim situacijama na arheološkim lokalitetima Podravine.In 2017, members of the project team TransFER participated in the ninth workshop of techniques of smelting iron ore held in Stara huť at Adamov near Brno in Czechia (Figs. 1–2). The main objective was a better understanding of questions related to the production of iron along with an exact as possible interpretation of the finds discovered to the present that are related to the smelting of iron ore in various archaeological periods in the Podravina region (Croatian Drava River basin).
In the first part of the workshop, the focus was on education, which included all the stages of obtaining iron from ore (Fig. 3), as well as various accompanying activities, while in the second part, the focus was on active participation in the entire process of smelting in a furnace, along with recording all the procedures carried out (Fig. 4). At the initiative of members of the TransFER project, at the end the disassembly was performed of the smelting furnace in which the experiment was carried out.
In this research that simulated archeological excavation, the basic aim was to define and recognize all the layers of its construction and repairs (Fig. 5). In this manner, the original furnace that was found upon arrival could be recognized (Fig. 5: 1) (built in 2015 or 2016). This year it was made into a so-called bloom furnace (Fig. 5: 2) in which two processes of smelting were carried out (Fig. 5: 1.1). Afterwards, the walls of the furnace were again repaired (Fig. 5: 3), followed by experimental smelting by members of the TransFER project. The layer of this latest repair was noted in the interior of the firebox of the furnace, covering the so-called “bowl” (the highly fired bowl-shaped bottom of the furnace firebox) (Fig. 5: 1.1) formed in earlier smelting (or two smeltings) (Fig. 5: 2). The strata below the dismantled furnace (Fig. 5: 0, -1, -2, -3) represent earlier activities that can only be hypothesized to be connected to the smelting furnace, but it appears that a base made for a bread oven is clearly recognizable, and it is possible that at some point this place was also used for other activities, such as roasting ore.
The second objective was to compare the results obtained with situations at archaeological sites in Podravina, where parallels in the ground plan can be drawn after polishing the surface where the furnace was located, and the fact that at the center of the firebox, at the bottom, there was a bowl-shaped formation of the so-called “bowl” (Fig. 6), such as was noted for smelting furnaces at Volarski breg at Virje and Velike Hlebine at Hlebine
Sotin – Srednje polje – Research of multilayer site in the Danube Region in 2017
Get PDFTijekom kolovoza i rujna 2017. godine provedena su istraživanja na položaju Srednje polje, koja se u kontinuitetu odvijaju od 2008. godine. U istraživanjima je otkriveno sedam paljevinskih grobova daljske grupe datiranih u starije željezno doba, zatim dijelovi prometne infrastrukture i naselja iz rimskoga vremena kao i dva horizonta srednjovjekovnoga naselja. Tijekom istraživanja dokumentirani su i brojni tragovi novovjekovnih aktivnosti na Srednjem polju koji su ponekad oštetili starije strukture.In archaeological excavation carried out at the Srednje polje – Vašarište site in Sotin in 2017 two trenches with a total research area of 347 m2 were investigated. Trenches 23 and 24 included the area of the cemetery of the Dalj group from the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age.
The investigated graves can be dated to II and III phase according to C. Metzner-Nebelsick, or Ha B3 and Ha C1–C2. The excavated pit SU 1120 was cut off by a channel SU 520 what testifies to at least two horizons from Roman period at the Vašarište site. The filling of pit contained fragments of ceramic vessels and it is probably older, while the channel is connected to the remains of a road and groups of Roman graves investigated in 2011 and 2016 dating back to the second half of the 2nd and the first half of the 3rd century. The Early Medieval working space with two ovens and the remains of the basement, with other excavated pits, show how the settlement spreads to the eastern part of the Vašarište site
How I identified a Greek cadastre (chora) on the Stari Grad Plain
Get PDFU plodnome Starigradskom polju na otoku Hvaru sačuvana je grčka podjela zemljišta koje je bilo podjeljeno stanovnicima grada Farosa i koji su na njemu uzgajali vinovu lozu i masline. U istraživanjima, posebno na osnovi zračnih snimaka, prepoznate su karakteristične uske i duge čestice, a sačuvan je i jedan kameni međaš s grčkim natpisom. Podjele zemljišta potom su dokumentirane i na drugim istočnojadranskim otocima, no niti jedna nije tako dobro sačuvana kao grčka chora u Starigradskome polju koja danas predstavlja jedan od najistaknutijih mediteranskih antičkih kulturnih krajolika.The fertile Stari Grad Plain on the island of Hvar has preserved the Greek division of the land that was distributed to the inhabitants of the town of Pharos, who cultivated grapes and olives there. The research, which relied on aerial photographs, recognized the characteristic oblong parcels. There is also a preserved boundary stone with a Greek inscription. Such land divisions were later documented on other islands of the eastern Adriatic, but none have been as well preserved as the Greek chora on the Stari Grad Plain, which is one of the most notable ancient cultural landscapes in the Mediterranean