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The database of antique archaeological sites of the Republic of Croatia with special reference to the island of Hvar
No full textPosterom je predstavljen projekt Instituta za arheologiju, Baza antičkih arheoloških lokaliteta Republike Hrvatske. Publika je upoznata s načinom rada, načinom korištenja baze i načelima unošenja podataka u bazu. Povodom skupa, dodatna pozornost posvećena je hvarskim lokalitetima upisanim u bazu
Earthwork elements of defensive systems of small strongholds in the Kingdom of Slavonia
Get PDFSmall hillforts and lowland moated and mounded sites are found throughout the entire area bordered by the Drava and Sava rivers, in northern Pannonian part of Croatia, which in the Middle Ages was called as the Kingdom of Slavonia. They are located on naturally prominent positions on hilltops and slopes or in the plains where they often exploit local water courses and groundwater as an additional element of defense. There is evident concentration of such fortifications near settlements, main road communications and water courses. Their common characteristic are earthwork defensive systems such as earthen ramparts, mounds and ditches. Construction of earthen fortifications was a relatively small effort in comparison to expensive masonry work, especially in the reagions where there was a lack of natural obstacles or the lack of nearby stone sources for masonry work. Their existence may be expected at sites where the surrounding areas were changed by subsequent reconstructions (inner colonisation) and expansions (13th century) and also in the times when danger from outer enemy is actual (15th cent., Turkish incursions). The present-day archaeological understanding of their function and the time when they were raised indicates that they have served as fortified seats of feudal lords, and even more of the lower nobility, that is of their properties in the period between the 13th and 16th cent. The aim of this paper is to identify elements of the defensive system – earth walls, embankments, ditches, platforms, palisades, etc., which can be found in different types of these small castles. This insight will attempt to present their various applications, and to try to examine possible patterns in the organization of a given stronghold’s defensive system
Bioarchaeology of the Late Avar population from Šarengrad – Klopare: preliminary results
No full textRad predstavlja preliminarne rezultate bioarheološke analize provedene na koštanim ostacima 46 osoba pronađenih u kasnoavarskoj nekropoli u Šarengradu u istočnoj Hrvatskoj. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da populaciju iz Šarengrada karakterizira visoka smrtnost djece prouzročena lošim zdravljem u ranome djetinjstvu što se očituje u visokim učestalostima pokazatelja subadultnoga stresa (cribra orbitalia i linearna hipoplazija zubne cakline) i periostitisa kao i slučajevima skorbuta. Paleodontološka analiza snažno ukazuje kako je veliki udio prehrane bio baziran na ugljikohidratima, tj. na poljodjelstvu kao glavnoj privrednoj grani. Odsustvo perimortalnih ozljeda snažno ukazuje na činjenicu da su članovi ove zajednice bili izloženi niskim stopama namjernoga nasilja te da su primarni uzroci uočenih ozljeda nesretni slučajevi. Tri slučaja maksilarnoga sinusitisa mogu se povezati s postupkom grijanja/kuhanja (peći i otvorena vatrišta) gdje je produljeno izlaganje dimu moglo dovesti do različitih bolesti dišnih puteva kao što je sinusitis. Naposljetku, usporedba šarengradskoga uzorka s drugim istovremenim uzorcima nije pokazala značajnije razlike, ukazujući na relativno slične uvjete života u široj regiji tijekom 8. stoljeća.The paper presents the preliminary results of bioarchaeological analysis conducted on the skeletal remains of 46 individuals recovered from the Late Avar cemetery in Šarengrad, eastern Croatia. The obtained results indicate that the Šarengrad population was characterized by relatively high subadult mortality caused by very poor childhood health, which is reflected in the high frequency of subadult stress indicators (cribra orbitalia and linear enamel hypoplasia) and sub-periosteal new bone formation, but also in the occurrence of subadult cases of scurvy. Paleodontological analysis strongly suggests that a large portion of the diet of these people was based on carbohydrates which points to subsistence mostly based on agriculture. A complete absence of perimortem injuries in Šarengrad strongly points to the fact that the inhabitants of this community were exposed to a low level of intentional violence, and that the injuries primarily occurred as a result of accidents. Three cases of maxillary sinusitis could be related to the heating/cooking system (ovens and open fire pits) where prolonged direct exposure to smoke could have led to various respiratory tract diseases such as sinusitis. Finally, the comparison of the Šarengrad sample with other contemporaneous assemblages did not show any major differences, suggesting similar living conditions in the region during the 8th cent
Archaeological research at Osijek Vojakovački – Mihalj medieval site in 2018
Get PDFInstitut za arheologiju je 2018. godine proveo arheološka iskopavanja nalazišta Osijek Vojakovački – Mihalj (Koprivničkokriževačka županija), kojima su prethodila geofizička istraživanja 2017. godine. Arheološkim istraživanjem obuhvaćeni su ključni dijelovi mihaljskoga arheološkog kompleksa – drveno-zemljana utvrda, kamena crkva i kamena utvrđena kuća. Riječ je o objektima iz razvijenoga i kasnog srednjeg vijeka, no istraživanja su pokazala da je ova pozicija bila korištena već i u mlađem željeznom dobu.In 2018, the Institute of Archaeology conducted archaeological research on the Osijek Vojakovački – Mihalj site (Koprivnica – Križevci County), which were preceded by geophysical research in 2017. Archaeological research included the key parts of the Mihalj archaeological complex: the wood/earth fortress, the stone church, and the fortified stone house. These structures were built in the high and Late Middle Ages, but research has shown that the site was used in the Late Iron Age already
Archaeological research of the site Pakrac – Stari Grad in 2018
No full textTijekom lipnja i srpnja 2018. godine provedeno je arheološko istraživanje na lokalitetu Pakrac – Stari grad u samome centru grada Pakraca. Istraživanja su bila usredotočena na lani pronađeni objekt u sondi 1 – ostatke gotičke ivanovačke kapele. Potvrđeno je da raspolažemo s ostacima najmanje dviju njenih faza gradnje. U prvoj fazi, koja se prema značajkama arhitekture datira u 13. stoljeće, kapela je građena od fino obrađenih klesanaca, zidovi su bili ojačani potpornjacima s vanjske i lezenama s unutarnje strane. U jugozapadnome kutu iz kapele se ulazilo u vretenasto stubište. Istočni, zaključni zid kapele nalazi se još uvijek izvan sonde, tako da njen potpuni tlocrt još nije poznat. Sačuvani su i drugi interesantni detalji, primjerice utori za zasune kojima su se osiguravala vrata glavnoga ulaza u kapelu te ona prema stubištu, kao i baze polustupova prislonjenih uz lezene. Druga sigurna graditeljska faza kapele najbolje se reprezentira otkrivenim bazama portala koji su prislonjeni na pročelni zid gotičke kapele oko 1500. godine. Istovremeno su svi zidovi podebljani te im je debljina gotovo udvostručena. Nameće se pretpostavka da je ova građevina pretvorena u „crkvu-utvrdu“ zidova debljine 2,80–2,90 m, što i ne bi bilo neobično s obzirom na približavanje osmanlijske opasnosti. Nekako u isto vrijeme je, čini se, građena i pakračka utvrda s kružnim kulama na uglovima nepravilnoga peterokuta. U otprilike isto vrijeme, u 15. stoljeću, položena je i podnica od opeke sačuvana u zapadnome dijelu broda, gdje se nazire i prvi do sada uočeni grob. Da je ova građevina imala i svoju post-sakralnu namjenu, potvrđuju brojne životinjske kosti pronađene u njoj.In June and July 2018, archaeological research was done on the site of Pakrac – Stari Grad, in the very centre of the town of Pakrac. The research focused on the structure that was found in trench 1 in the previous year: the remains of a Gothic chapel of the Order of Saint John. It was confirmed that the remains originated from at least two construction phases. In the first phase, which was dated to the 13th century on the basis of architectural features, the chapel was built from finely cut stones, and the walls were reinforced by supports on the outside and lesenes on the inside. In the south-west corner, there was the entrance from the chapel to the spindle stairs. The eastern, final wall of the chapel is still outside the trench, so that its complete ground plan is still unknown. Other interesting details have been preserved, such as the slots for bolts securing the door of the main entrance to the chapel and the staircase door, as well as the bases of the pilasters leaning against the lesenes. The other certain construction phase of the chapel is best represented by the discovered bases of the portal, which were put against the front wall of the Gothic chapel around the year 1500. At the same time, all the walls were made almost twice as thick. This leads to the hypothesis that the structure was turned into a “fortress church”, with walls 280–290 cm thick, which would not be strange considering the approach of the Ottoman threat. The Pakrac fortress, with round towers on the corners of an irregular pentagon, seems to have been built more or less at the same time. It was also in the 15th century that builders laid the brick floor preserved in the west part of the nave, where there are traces of the only grave found so far. A post-sacral purpose of the structure is confirmed by the numerous finds of animal bones
Results of the Rescue Archaeological Excavations of the AN 3 Petrijevci – Španice site
Get PDFU dodatnim zaštitnim arheološkim istraživanjima nalazišta AN 3 Petrijevci – Španice, na trasi državne ceste D34 – obilaznica Petrijevaca, otkriveno je prapovijesno naselje smješteno na blagome uzvišenju koje se nalazi nedaleko od nekadašnjega toka rijeke Karašice. Na zapadnome dijelu nalazišta pronađene su jame i ukopi rupa za stupove s keramičkim ulomcima koji pripadaju kulturi polja sa žarama, odnosno u istraživanjima je obuhvaćen jugozapadni rub naselja. Cijelom duljinom istražene površine zabilježeni su i brojni ukopi kanala koji vjerojatno odgovaraju nekadašnjoj podjeli zemljišta, dok je dio ukopa nastao tijekom izgradnje željezničke pruge početkom 20. stoljeća.The additional rescue archaeological excavations of the AN 3 Petrijevci – Španice site, on the route of the D34 state road bypassing Petrijevci, uncovered a prehistoric settlement standing on a gentle elevation near the former course of the River Karašica. The western part of the site contained pits and post-holes with Urnfield culture ceramic fragments; in fact, the excavations comprised the south-western edge of the settlement. Numerous ditches were recorded along the entire length of the excavated area, probably reflecting the land divisions of the time, and a part was dug for the railway in the early 20th century
Archaeological excavations in the church of St Luke the Evangelist in Novska in 2018
No full textTijekom jeseni 2018. godine Institut za arheologiju je arheološki istražio dijelove crkve sv. Luke Evanđeliste u centru grada Novske. U istraživanjima su pronađeni dijelovi starije sakralne građevine, jednobrodne, kvadratnoga svetišta, koja je u zapadnome dijelu imala triforij. S obzirom na veličinu crkve – unutarnje dimenzije iznose 11,61 x 6,96 m – možemo pretpostaviti da je riječ o privatnoj, dvorskoj crkvi ili kapeli lokalnoga gospodara. Ova pretpostavka, pokaže li se ispravnom, objasnila bi i činjenicu da crkva nije popisana u čuvenome popisu župa arhiđakona Ivana Goričkoga iz 1334. godine. Temelji su građeni naizmjenično opekom i kamenjem, dok su sami zidovi građeni opekom i to prema dobro i praktično osmišljenom projektu. Sudeći prema njenim karakteristikama, crkva je najvjerojatnije sagrađena u drugoj polovici 12. stoljeća. Pronađeni su i brojni zanimljivi nalazi iz različitih vremenskih razdoblja, uključujući i prapovijesne jame s keramikom lasinjske i vinkovačke kulture.In the autumn of 2018, the Institute of Archaeology did archaeological excavations of parts of the church of St Luke the Evangelist in the town centre of Novska. The excavations uncovered parts of an older sacral building with a single nave, a rectangular sanctuary, and a triforium in the western part. Considering the size of the church – measuring 11.61 x 6.96 m on the inside – we can assume it was a private, court church or a chapel of a local lord. If this assumption is proven to be true, it would explain the fact that the church is not mentioned in the famous list of parishes written by Archdeacon Ivan Gorički in 1334. The foundations were built of bricks alternating with stone, while the walls were built of bricks pursuant to a practical and well thought-out project. Considering its characteristics, the church was most probably built in the second half of the 12th century. Also, there were many interesting finds from different periods, including prehistoric pits with Lasinja and Vinkovci culture pottery
Geophysical research of the medieval site of Kalinovac – Hrastova greda 1
No full textU provedenome terenskom pregledu lokaliteta Kalinovac – Hrastova greda 1 prikupljeni površinski nalazi ukazivali su da se na ovome nalazištu odvijala neka aktivnost povezana s proizvodnjom željeza, vjerojatno tijekom srednjega vijeka. S ciljem jasnijega definiranja karaktera samog nalazišta, pristupilo se neinvazivnim, geofizičkim istraživanjima u kojima su primijenjene dvije najrelevantnije metode za ovaj tip lokaliteta: magnetometrija i mjerenje magnetskoga susceptibiliteta. Provedenim istraživanjima, u kojima su obje metode pokazivale slične rezultate, potvrđeno je postojanje ostataka srednjovjekovnoga naselja te nekih željezarskih aktivnosti na najvišem dijelu, blagim padinama i podnožju manjega uzvišenja. Vanjske granice nalazišta sasvim su jasno definirane, dok je unutarnja raspodjela i namjena objekata ostala nejasna, pa se pretpostavlja da se arheološki ostaci u najvećoj mjeri danas nalaze u sloju humusa sa slabije očuvanim dijelovima odmah ispod razine oranja, što će biti jasnije nakon planiranih arheoloških iskopavanja.The collected surface finds from the completed field survey of the site of Kalinovac – Hrastova greda 1 indicated that the site was used for an iron production activity, probably during the Middle Ages. To define more clearly the character of the site itself, it was decided to use non-invasive geophysical research by applying the two most relevant methods for this kind of sites: magnetometry and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The research, in which both methods showed similar results, confirmed the existence of the remains of a medieval settlement and some iron production activities on the tallest part, gentle slopes and the base of a small elevation. The outer boundaries of the site are defined quite clearly, while the inner divisions and purposes of the structures are still unclear. It is assumed that the archaeological remains today are mostly located in the humus layer with poorly preserved parts right under the ploughing level, which will become clearer after the planned archaeological excavations
Archaeological research of the church of St Martin in Prozorje in 2018
No full textTijekom rujna i listopada 2018. godine nastavljena su arheološka istraživanja crkve Sv. Martina na lokalitetu Prozorje (Martin-Breg) u Dugom Selu. U ovoj kampanji završena su istraživanja broda crkve (sonda VI), sve do glinenoga sloja zdravice, a pritom su pronađena i istražena 43 groba. U 21 grobu pronađeni su posebni nalazi, pri čemu se većinom radi o dijelovima odjeće i obuće (gumbi, kopče, ušice i kukice, nazuvke i sl.) te nabožnim predmetima (medaljice, križevi, krunice i brevari) koji su pronađeni u njih 13, dok je novac pronađen u tri groba. Nije pronađeno mnogo nakita, no ističe se zlatni prsten sa staklenom krunom koji je pronađen unutar groba 275. Značajan nalaz – unutar korpusa novovjekovnih nalaza – su i sljepoočničarke pronađene uz fragmentarne ostatke lubanje u grobu 293, od kojih su neke imale završetak u obliku slova S. Kripta izrađena od opeka, koja se nalazila u središtu broda, istražena je i ispražnjena do kraja – čini se da su ostaci pokojnika iz kripte bili ekshumirani, vjerojatno kada je crkva bila napuštena, no pronađeni su brojni nalazi. Otkrivena su i dva zida izgrađena od nepravilnoga kamenja (SJ 1598 i 1603) koji izlaze ispod zapadnoga zida broda crkve te se pružaju u smjeru istoka. Za sada funkcija tih zidova nije jasna, vjerojatno je riječ o ostacima starije građevine.The archaeological excavations of the church of St Martin on the site of Prozorje (Martin-Breg) in Dugo Selo were continued in September and October 2018. This campaign completed the excavations in the church nave (trench VI) up to the clay layer of untouched soil, finding and exploring 43 graves. This year’s 21 graves contained separate finds, which were mostly items of clothing and footwear (buttons, buckles, pins and hooks, slippers etc.) and religious items (medals, crosses, rosaries, breverls), which were found in 13 graves, while money was found in three graves. Not much jewellery has been found; one outstanding piece is a gold ring with a glass crown, found inside grave 275. Significant finds within the corpus of modern finds are the temple hair ornaments found next to the fragmented remains of a skull in grave 293, some of them with S-shaped terminals. The brick crypt in the middle of the nave was completely explored and emptied; the remains of the dead from the crypt seem to have been exhumed, probably when the church was abandoned, but there were numerous finds anyway. Also, the excavations uncovered two walls of irregular stones (SU 1598 and 1603), starting under the western wall of the church nave and stretching towards the east; it is still unclear what they were for, but they are probably the remains of an older structure