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On the archaeological excavations of the chapel of the Knights Hospitaller at the site of Pakrac – Stari Grad in 2019
Get PDFTijekom lipnja i srpnja 2019. godine Institut za arheologiju proveo je treću kampanju arheoloških istraživanja na lokalitetu Pakrac – Stari grad usredotočenu na pronađene ostatke gotičke ivanovačke kapele koja se nalazila u dvorištu njihova grada, odnosno – još ranije – u sklopu njihova domusa. Ustanovljeni su ostaci dviju osnovnih faza gradnje kapele. U prvoj, ranogotičkoj fazi, jednobrodna kapela, dimenzija oko 16 x 6,5 m, građena je od fino obrađenih klesanaca. Imala je četiri para polustupova koji su nosili križno-rebrasti svod. Istodobno je uz nju sagrađeno i vretenasto stubište, a u istočnome zidu uočeni su tragovi sakrarija. Profilacije svodnih rebara bademastoga presjeka te baze polustupova datiraju ovu fazu u prvu polovicu 13. stoljeća. U drugoj, kasnogotičkoj fazi kapele, zidovi su izvana podebljani te im je debljina otprilike udvostručena, a istočno uz kapelu dodana je cilindrična kula. Izveden je i novi portal koji datira oko 1500. godine. Čini se da je kapela, osobito njezin istočni dio, prije toga preuređenja bila vrlo snažno oštećena, možda čak i srušena pa ponovno građena, no ta će se pretpostavka morati provjeriti u narednim kampanjama. U kapeli je istraženo i nekoliko grobova i grobnica. Većina najkasnije pokopanih pokojnika bila je, čini se, ekshumirana prigodom napuštanja kapele.In June and July 2019, the Institute of Archaeology undertook the third campaign of archaeological excavations at the site of Pakrac – Stari Grad, focusing on the found remains of the Gothic chapel of the Knights Hospitaller that used to stand in the courtyard of their town or, earlier, within their domus. Remains of two basic phases of the construction of the chapel have been identified. In the first, early Gothic phase, a single-nave chapel measuring around 16 x 6.5 m was built of finely worked stone. It had four pairs of half-pillars that supported a cross-ribbed vault. An adjacent spindle staircase was built at the same time; also, traces of a sacrarium were observed in the east wall. The almond-sectioned design of the vault ribs and the base of the half-pillars date this phase to the first half of the 13th century. In the second, late Gothic phase of the chapel, the walls were thickened on the outside, which made them approximately two times thicker, and a cylindrical tower was added to the east of the chapel. A new portal was built around the year 1500. The chapel, especially its eastern part, seems to have been badly damaged before that renovation, maybe even demolished and rebuilt, but we will have to verify this assumption in future campaigns. Several graves and tombs were uncovered in the chapel. Most of the dead who were the last to be buried there seem to have been exhumed when the chapel was abandoned
Osteotheca from Rab: new insights on the sepulchral monument of Remmia Maxima held in the Franciscan monastery at Kampor on the island of Rab
Get PDFSepulkralni spomenik s natpisom Remije Maksime (Remmia
Maxima) uzidan u klaustru samostana sv. Bernardina Sijenskog
u Kamporu na otoku Rabu poznat je od kraja 19. st. i objave
u CIL-u (III 3125), no njegova tipologija dosad nije podrobnije
analizirana. U radu se definira tipološka pripadnost spomenika,
koji zbog svojih stilskih i oblikovnih značajki, a posebno
dimenzija, odgovara osteotekama salonitanske produkcije, što
zajedno sa sadržajem natpisa omogućuje njegovu precizniju
dataciju. Nadalje, s obzirom na slabu zastupljenost, odnosno nedovoljno poznavanje ovog tipa spomenika u provinciji
Dalmaciji, rapska se osteoteka smješta u širu skupinu ovih
i srodnih spomenika sa srednjodalmatinskog prostora.
Analizom dostupnih podataka o samom spoliju te o drugim
spomenicima s područja Kampora pokušava se rekonstruirati
moguće područje njegova nalaza kao i modaliteti brojnih novih
upotreba sve do uzidavanja na položaju gdje se danas nalazi.
Rapska osteoteka, kao novi tip sepulkralnog spomenika na
otoku, ali i na širem području Kvarnera, obogaćuje dosadašnje
spoznaje o antičkim grobnim spomenicima sjeverne
Liburnije i njihovu porijeklu, ujedno upućujući na još jedno
monumentalnije rješenje unutar rapskih (ruralnih?) nekropola.The sepulchral monument with the inscription of Remmia
Maxima, embedded in the cloister of the monastery of St.
Bernardino of Siena in Kampor on the island of Rab, has been
known since the end of the 19th century. It was published
in the CIL (III 3125), but its typology has not been analysed
in detail yet. This paper defines the typological affiliation of
the monument, which corresponds to the osteothecae of
Salonitan production, on account of its stylistic and formal
features, and especially its dimensions. This, together with the content of the inscription, facilitates its more precise dating.
Furthermore, given the low abundance, and insufficient
knowledge of this type of monument in the province of
Dalmatia, the osteotheca from Rab is classified in a wider
group of such and related monuments from the central
Dalmatian area. The analysis of available information on the
spolium itself and on other monuments from the area of
Kampor is an attempt to reconstruct its possible find-spot as
well as its numerous reuses, ultimately including embedment
in its present location.
The osteotheca from Rab, as a new type of sepulchral
monument on the island, as well as in the greater area of
Kvarner, enhances previous knowledge about ancient funerary
monuments of northern Liburnia and their origin, all the while
pointing to another more monumental solution within the
(rural?) necropolises of Rab
Late medieval/early modern population from Ivankovo, eastern Croatia: the results of the (bio)archaeological analysis
No full textU radu su predstavljeni rezultati zaštitnih arheoloških iskopavanja provedenih uz crkvu Rođenja sv. Ivana Krstitelja u Ivankovu pored Vinkovaca prilikom čega je istraženo 55 grobova. Riječ je o rimokatoličkome župnom groblju koje se, na osnovi stratigrafskih odnosa i pronađenih nalaza materijalne kulture, može datirati od kraja 13. sve do 18. stoljeća, tj. u kasni srednji i rani novi vijek. Arheološki nalazi su u skladu s vremenskim periodom skromni i uglavnom se radi o dijelovima nošnje te nakitu (prstenje, pojas, pojasna kopča, kopčice s kukom i ušicom, igle, nož). Pored arheoloških nalaza, funkcioniranje župe, a samim time i groblja, u vrijeme osmanlijske vladavine Ivankovom potvrđuju i povijesni izvori. Pokojnici su položeni u jednostavne zemljane rake i uglavnom orijentirani zapad – istok. Većina grobova oštećena je naknadnim ukopima tako da su i sami kosturi relativno loše (parcijalno) sačuvani. Detaljnu bioarheološku analizu koštanih ostataka iz Ivankova bilo je moguće provesti na 53 osobe (10 djece, 13 žena i 30 muškaraca). Analiza dento-alveolarnih oboljenja pokazuje visoke učestalosti karijesa i zaživotnoga gubitka zuba, što ukazuje na loše oralno zdravlje, ali i prehranu temeljenu na ugljikohidratima, tj. žitaricama. Visoke stope učestalosti pokazatelja fiziološkoga stresa (cribra orbitalia i linearna hipoplazija zubne cakline) kao i periostitisa te prisutnost zaraznih bolesti, kao što je tuberkuloza, svjedoči o generalno lošem zdravstvenom stanju za većinu stanovništva ovoga mjesta. Distribucija i morfologija koštanih ozljeda u uzorku iz Ivankova ukazuju da su nastale kao posljedica nesretnih slučajeva, najvjerojatnije povezanih sa svakodnevnim aktivnostima unutar zajednice kao što su rad u polju ili sa stokom te rad u kući.This paper presents the results of rescue archaeological excavations conducted around the church of the Birth of St. John the Baptist in Ivankovo near Vinkovci during which 55 graves were excavated. Based on the stratigraphic relationships between the graves and archaeological finds of material culture, this Roman Catholic parish cemetery can be dated to the period from the end of the 13th to the 18th century, i.e. to the late Middle Ages and the early modern period. The archaeological finds are scarce and usually include parts of costumes and jewelry (rings, belts, belt buckles, hook-and-eye fasteners, pins, knives), which is common for this period. Aside from the archaeological finds, historical sources also attest to the existence of the parish and the cemetery during the Ottoman rule. The deceased were laid in grave pits, which were usually oriented in the west-east direction. Most graves were damaged by later burials and the skeletons themselves are also relatively poorly (partially) preserved. A detailed bioarchaeological analysis of skeletal remains from Ivankovo could be conducted on 53 people (10 children, 13 women, and 30 men). Dentoalveolar disease analysis showed a high frequency of caries and ante mortem tooth loss, which suggest poor oral health, but also a diet based on carbohydrates, i.e. grains. High rate of physiological stress indicators (cribra orbitalia and linear enamel hypoplasia), periostitis, and the presence of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis indicate that most residents were in poor health condition. The distribution and morphology of skeletal injuries from Ivankovo assemblage suggest that they were caused by accidents that probably occurred during everyday activities within the community, such as working in the field, with cattle, or in the house
LIDAR izmjera nalazišta Osijek Vojakovački – Mihalj i širega jugoistočnog kalničkog područja
No full textKratki izvještaj o istraživanjima
Short field repor
Sub testu: preparation of Roman food under a clay dome
Get PDFAmong the multitude of ceramic fragments, there occasionally
appear handles of unusual shapes, or the remains of large
dome-shaped lids. Such vessels were used for food preparation
in kitchens with open hearths. Ever since prehistory, they have
represented a kitchen appliance in daily use to the present day,
and they appear in Roman kitchens as well. Various sources refer
to this method of food preparation as sub testu. These vessels’
segments have also been archaeologically confirmed on Roman
sites in Pannonia Inferior and Moesia Superior. There is a type of
dish called patina in Roman cuisine, similar to modern-day souffle,
which was presumably prepared on plates with a flat bottom
and curved, convex, or concave walls
Nova Bukovica – Sjenjak in 2019
Get PDFU Novoj Bukovici kod Slatine na položaju Sjenjak nalazi se arheološki lokalitet s dva prapovijesna horizonta naseljavanja. U posljednjem tisućljeću prije Krista, ljudi su u dva navrata izabrali isti položaj za podizanje naselja: u kasnome brončanom i mlađem željeznom dobu. Naseobinski objekti kulture polja sa žarama isprepliću se intenzivno s onima latenske kulture. Iako relativno jednostavna, vertikalna stratigrafija dobrim dijelom je uvjetovana teškim oštećenjima lokaliteta intenzivnom zemljoradnjom. Ugroženost ovoga lokaliteta, koji posebice pod nasrtajima recentnoga ponovnog okrupnjivanja zemljišta i profesionalne zemljoradnje doslovno nestaje pred našim očima, kao i iznimna kvaliteta pokretnih i nepokretnih arheoloških nalaza, poticaj su upornosti Instituta za arheologiju u nastojanjima da lokalitet u što je većoj mjeri istraži i tako materijalnu kulturu stanovnika naselja barem djelomično očuva od potpunoga zaborava. Arheološka istraživanja u Novoj Bukovici izvrsno se uklapaju u Strategiju znanstvene djelatnosti Instituta, u podtemu Materijalna kultura u društvenom kontekstu.In Nova Bukovica near Slatina, at the Sjenjak location, there is an archaeological site with two prehistoric settlement horizons. In the first millennium BC, the same site was chosen twice for the building of a settlement: in the Late Bronze Age and in the Late Iron Age. The settlement structures of the Urnfield culture are closely intertwined with those of the La Tene culture. Although relatively simple, vertical stratigraphy has been greatly affected by severe site damage caused by intense farming. The vulnerability of the site – which is literally disappearing before our eyes under the recently renewed onslaught of land consolidation and professional agriculture – and the exceptional quality of mobile and fixed archaeological finds, persistently motivate the Institute of Archaeology in its efforts to explore the site as much as possible and to save from oblivion at least some of the material culture of the inhabitants of the settlement. The archaeological excavations in Nova Bukovica fit perfectly into the Strategy of the Scientific Activities of the Institute, under the subheading Material Culture in Social Context
Topography and reambulation of the Žumberak mountain range
Get PDFŽumberačko gorje arheološki je nedovoljno istraženo područje za koje se, na osnovi nekolicine do sada provedenih istraživanja koja pokrivaju sva razdoblja od prapovijesti do današnjih dana, može ustvrditi kako ima još mnogo prostora za napredak. Upravo je iz toga razloga nastao projekt pod nazivom Topografija i reambulacija Žumberačkoga gorja s ciljem ubiciranja potencijalnih arheoloških lokaliteta. Projekt je započeo pregledom satelitskih snimki, starih karata i zemljišnih knjiga čime su utvrđeni potencijalni lokaliteti, a koji su prema svome položaju podijeljeni u tri veće skupine. Nakon toga pristupilo se samome pregledu terena čime je uočeno nekoliko zanimljivih položaja, od kojih najviše obećavaju toponimi Oranica – groblje i pozicija Stupe – St. Tricze kod Cernika, Archangel Brezie kod Tihočaja te plato iznad crkve u mjestu Sv. Marija pod Okićem. Ovi se toponimi ističu po tome što se nalaze na izuzetno povoljnim strateškim pozicijama te zbog nalaza pronađenih prilikom pregleda terena koji upućuju na ljudsku prisutnost tijekom dužeg vremenskog razdoblja.The Žumberak mountain range is not sufficiently archaeologically explored. Few past research activities, which covered all time periods since prehistory to the present day indicate that there is still much room for improvement. For that reason, the project named Topography and reambulation of the Žumberak mountain range was created, with the goal of locating potential archaeological sites. The project started with an examination of satellite imagery, old maps, and land registers in order to find potential sites which were divided in three major groups according to their position. This was followed by a field survey, which observed several interesting sites, the most promising ones being toponyms Oranica – Groblje and the sites of Stupe – St. Tricze near Cernik, Archangel Brezie near Tihočaj, and the plateau above the church in the village of Sv. Marija pod Okićem. These toponyms stand out because of their extremely favorable strategic positions and the finds discovered during the site survey which suggest human presence during long time periods
Graves of Hallstatt Princes at Kaptol – Čemernica: Archaeobotanical Material from Tumuli III and XI
No full textPrapovijesni arheološki lokalitet Kaptol za sada je najznačajnije željeznodobno nalazište na području sjeverne Hrvatske te je i epomnimni lokalitet istoimene najjužnije skupine halštatskoga kulturnog kompleksa. Nekropola na položaju Čemernica istraživana je od 1965. do 1971. godine, kada je istraženo 14 tumula. Nakon toga u tri su navrata provedena kompleksna revizijska istraživanja: 2007. godine bio je istražen tumul XI – najsjeverniji tumul na nekropoli Čemernica, nakon dvije godine tumul III, te 2016. tumul IV. U ovome radu po prvi puta prezentiramo rezultate arheobotaničkih istraživanja halštatskih tumula III i XI na položaju Kaptol – Čemernica. Flotirane su ukupno 674 litre sedimenta iz tumula III i XI te izdvojeno ukupno 16285 karboniziranih biljnih ostataka. U oba tumula apsolutno su najbrojniji nalazi žitarica (preko 90%). Zbog loše očuvanosti materijala, polovica nalaza žitarica determinirana je kao Cerealia (krupnozrne žitarice), među bolje očuvanim nalazima u oba tumula prevladava pšenica (Triticum), a od izdvojenih tipova pšenica najbrojnija je obična ili krušna pšenica (Triticum aestivum). S obzirom na veliku količinu nalaza, prije svega žitarica, može se zaključiti kako je biljna komponenta grobnih rituala u starijem željeznom dobu imala puno veći značaj nego što se to do sada mislilo.The prehistoric archaeological site of Kaptol is the most significant Iron Age site in northern Croatia discovered to date. It has given its name to the southernmost group within the Hallstatt cultural complex. The necropolis at the location of Čemernica was excavated between 1965 and 1971, with 14 tumuli encompassed by the archaeological investigation. Thereafter, three rounds of complex revision excavations were conducted: in 2007, tumulus XI – the northernmost tumulus in the Čemernica necropolis – was excavated; two years later, tumulus III; and, in 2016, tumulus IV. This is the first presentation of the results of archaeobotanical research of Hallstatt tumuli III and XI at the Kaptol – Čemernica site. In total, 674 litres of sediment from tumuli III and XI were floated, resulting in the recovery of 16.285 carbonized plant remains. The overwhelming majority (more than 90%) of finds from both tumuli are those of cereals. Due to the poor preservation of the plant material, half of the cereals have been identified as Cerealia (large-grained cereals). Wheat (Triticum) is predominant among the better-preserved remains from both tumuli, with common wheat (Triticum aestivum) being the most numerous among the types of wheat identified. In view of the large quantity of plant remains, predominantly cereals, the conclusion can be drawn that the plant component of the Early Iron Age burial ritual was much more important than we thought
Excavations in Ljubićeva Pećina near Marčana in the 2020 season
Get PDFRad donosi rezultate arheoloških istraživanja lokaliteta Ljubićeva pećina kod Marčane u Istri. Istraživanja su dio projekta Hrvatske zaklade za znanost pod nazivom „Prapovijesni lovci i sakupljači u Istri i obližnjim regijama: obrasci života i kretanja tijekom kasnog pleistocena (PREHISTRIA)“ kojem je cilj steći bolji uvid u različite aspekte života kasnoglacijalnih lovaca i sakupljača na prostoru Istre te iste staviti u širi vremenski i geografski okvir. U ovogodišnjim istraživanjima pronađena je arheološka građa (keramika, litički i faunalni nalazi te ljudski kosturni ostaci) iz različitih prapovijesnih razdoblja (brončano doba, neolitik i paleolitik). Nadalje, tijekom istraživanja uzeti su uzorci za radiometrijsku dataciju, analizu sedimentne i drevne DNA, geoarheološke, arheobotaničke i analize sirovinskoga materijala, ZooMS te druge vrste analiza koje će pružiti vrijedne nove podatke o tadašnjim stanovnicima Ljubićeve pećine. Dobiveni rezultati bit će stavljeni u geografski i kronološki kontekst gornjopaleolitičkih nalazišta Istre i obližnjih regija kako bi se dobio bolji uvid u strategije preživljavanja, zone kontakata i druge parametre s obzirom na ekološke čimbenike i promjene okoliša.
Ivor Janković - dopisni autorThis paper provides the results of the archaeological excavations of Ljubićeva Pećina, a cave site near Marčana in Istria. The excavations were part of the Croatian Science Foundation project called “Prehistoric hunter-gatherers in Isstria and adjacent regions: Patterns of Late Pleistocene lifestyle and mobility (PREHISTRIA)“, which aims to gain a better insight into the different aspects of life of Late Glacial hunters and gatherers in the area of Istria and put them in a broader temporal and geographical framework. This year’s excavations uncovered archaeological material (pottery, lithic and faunal finds, and human skeletal remains) from different prehistoric periods (Bronze Age, Neolithic, and Paleolithic). Also, samples were taken for radiometric dating, the analysis of sedimentary and ancient DNA, geoarchaeological, archaeobotanical, and raw material analysis, ZooMS, and other kinds of analyses that will provide valuable new data on the past inhabitants of Ljubićeva Pećina. The obtained results will be situated in the geographical and chronological context of the Upper Paleolithic sites of Istria and nearby regions in order to gain a better insight into survival strategies, contact zones, and other parameters with regard to ecological factors and environmental changes.
Ivor Janković - corresponding autho
Traces of prehistoric human burials in the caves of the Dubrovnik area
No full textU špiljama i drugim speleološkim objektima kao arheološkim lokalitetima ponekad se nalaze ostaci ljudskih kostiju. Za većinu takvih špilja može se pretpostaviti kako predstavljaju mjesto ukopa, odnosno izvjestan oblik nekropole, mada je ponekad riječ i o slučajnome, pojedinačnom nalazu. Na osnovi okolnoga arheološkog konteksta ili provedenih dodatnih radiokarbonskih analiza na uzorcima kostiju, zaključujemo kako je uglavnom riječ o prapovijesnim razdobljima. Sličnu situaciju nalazimo na širem dubrovačkom području gdje su analizirane špilje na poluotoku Pelješcu (špilja Crno jezero u Ponikvama i špilja Gudnja u blizini Stona), Dubrovačkome primorju (Zmajeva peć u Čepikućama) te zapadnome dijelu grada Dubrovnika (Vilina špilja iznad izvora Omble, Močiljska špilja iznad Mokošice i Kukova peć u Brsečinama). Kod pojedinih ljudskih osteoloških nalaza u navedenim špiljama obavljena je i bioarheološka analiza, što upotpunjuje još uvijek slabo poznavanje korištenja špilja kao mjesta pokapanja u prošlosti.Caves and other speleological features as archaeological sites can contain the remains of human bones. Most of these caves can be assumed to be a burial site, or a sort of a necropolis, but they can also contain single chance finds. The surrounding archaeological contexts or additional radiocarbon analyses of the bone samples lead us to conclude that they mostly originate from prehistoric periods. A similar situation can be seen in the wider Dubrovnik area, with analysed caves on the peninsula of Pelješac (Crno Jezero Cave in Ponikve, Gudnja Cave near Ston), the Dubrovnik littoral (Zmajeva Peć in Čepikuće), and the western part of the city of Dubrovnik (Vilina Cave above the source of the Ombla, Močiljska Cave above Mokošica, Kukova Peć in Brsečine). Bioarchaeological analyses have been done for some of the human osteological finds from these caves, complementing the scant information on caves as burial sites from the past