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Un archivio digitale per la valorizzazione culturale ed economica della media valle del Tirso e dell’Altopiano di Abbasanta
No full textOptimizing Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis in the Era of Antimicrobial Resistance: A Position Paper from the Italian Multidisciplinary Society for the Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections (SIMPIOS)
No full textBackground: Although surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) is considered a standard of care for preventing surgical site infections, the rising incidence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) increases the likelihood of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), which may be associated with worse surgical outcomes. Methods: A multidisciplinary working group was convened by the Italian Multidisciplinary Society for the Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections (SIMPIOS) to define key measures for optimizing SAP in the era of AMR. Selecting the most appropriate SAP in patients colonized with MDROs is a complex decision that cannot be generalized, as it depends on both host factors and the specific surgical procedure. At present, there is limited evidence of SAP in these patients. Results: This position paper aims to provide practical guidance for optimizing SAP in the context of an AMR era. It is structured in three sections: (1) core principles of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis; (2) the role of screening, decolonization, and targeted prophylaxis for MDROs; and (3) barriers to changing surgeons' prescribing behaviours. Conclusions: The working group developed 15 recommendation statements based on scientific evidence
Age- and Sex-related Differences in Heart Failure Characteristics and Treatment Patterns Across the Ejection Fraction Spectrum: First Data from the BRING-UP-3 Heart Failure Study
No full textBackground: Older adults and females are under-represented in randomized clinical trials, and evidence on age- and sex-related differences in heart failure (HF) characteristics and treatment patterns is limited. Objectives: To evaluate age- and sex-related differences in clinical characteristics and treatments of an all-comers cohort of HF patients. Methods: The BRING-UP-3 HF study is a prospective, observational, multicenter investigation encompassing 179 Italian cardiology sites. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to evaluate predictors of HF treatments across sex and age strata. Optimal medical therapy (OMT) was defined as the patient receiving all guideline-recommended medications. Results: A total of 5,203 HF patients (median age 72 years; 24% female) were included over three months. Females were older, had a higher prevalence of non-ischemic HF etiologies, and were less likely to receive OMT compared with males. Similarly, older patients also experienced suboptimal treatment. After multivariable adjustment only age remained independently associated with a lower likelihood of receiving OMT (odds ratio per five-year age increase 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.88-0.93). Conclusions: Significant age- and sex-related disparities exist in HF characteristics and treatment patterns. Tailored management strategies are needed to optimize medical therapy for females and older adults, to improve HF outcomes and ensure equitable care. Trial registration number: NCT06279988
Il meme nuragico. Forme rituali e branding nell’artigianato contemporaneo in Sardegna
No full textNel corso del XX secolo l’eredità nuragica ha conosciuto una massiccia diffusione in ogni ambito del panorama culturale sardo – dall’arte visiva alla letteratura, dal cinema alla pubblicità, fino alla promozione turistica: il termine «nuragico» sembra poter essere applicato ai campi più diversi ed essere rifunzionalizzato di conseguenza. Alla luce delle complesse stratificazioni storiche, sociali e culturali alla base di questo successo, il concetto di meme nuragico viene proposto per analizzarne le cause e le modalità di manifestazione
Microscopic and macroscopic findings in cocaine and crack airways injuries: a literature review.
No full textCocaine inhalation - and its popular derivative known as crack cocaine - is linked to numerous complications and organ damage, well-recognized in scientific literature, including airway injuries. Airways damage is probably due both to thermal damage by hot vapor and micro-inhalation of crystals, leading to foreign body trauma and inflammation. A brief description of findings is helpful to health professionals - including forensic pathologist - to achieve the correct diagnosis. Our study is of a review of the literature with the aim of investigating the anatomical and pathological basis of damage of upper airways in cocaine crack chronic users. For this purpose, scientific studies that explore the correlation between symptoms related to airway injuries and the corresponding macroscopic and microscopic organ damage in chronic cocaine and crack users were reviewed. Results from 11 studies were reported, involving patients with a history of pharyngodynia, dysphagia, dysphonia, foreign body sensation, and respiratory difficulties. Diagnoses were confirmed through direct or indirect laryngoscopy, with the use of a fiberoptic bronchoscope or flexible endoscope. Macroscopic findings documented edema and inflammation of the epiglottis, false vocal cords, aryepiglottic folds, arytenoid cartilages, and piriform sinuses, and the presence of white plaques and pseudomembranes. Microscopic findings documented inflammatory tissue and necrosis, in one case squamous metaplasia. Our results showed that it is possible to find macroscopic and microscopic lesion in chronic abusers' upper airways and it lays the foundation for future studies in the investigation of the injuries mentioned in post-mortem examinations
The Digital Divide and the Elderly: How Urban and Rural Realities Shape Well-Being and Social Inclusion in the Sardinian Context
No full textThe Digital Grey Divide (DGD) is a phenomenon that refers to the digital inequality existing among the elderly in using digital tools. DGD could generate social exclusion and hinder elderly well-being because today many aspects of life are online. The objective of the research is to compare the urban and rural group to see if a digital divide is present and whether psychological and cognitive well-being can be predictors of usage. The research involved 100 elderly people (belonging to two different areas: one rural and one urban) aged 65 to 90 (M = 72.3; SD = 6.4) with intact cognitive functioning investigated by the MMSE test. A socio-anagraphic module to investigate digital use (DU), a questionnaire on cognitive reserve (CRIq), and a questionnaire investigating well-being (Ben-SSC) were administered. Results showed that the two groups differ in terms of access and use of digital tools (F = 28.34, p < 0.001), with the urban group reporting higher levels of access and use. Moreover, in the urban group, psychological well-being has an inverse relationship with digital, while in the rural group, the relationship between cognitive well-being and use is direct. Therefore, the study aims to highlight how even in developed countries there can be a digital divide (DD) given the risks of exclusion, particularly for the elderly population. For all these reasons, it is necessary to pursue interventions to achieve a higher level of digitalization and sustainable development among the population. Given the importance of this phenomenon, it is necessary to address the issue of DD in various spheres of life: political, social, economic and care
