Dépôt numerique grenier du savoir du Burundi
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Connaissances et usage des technologies numériques dans les services nutritionnels de Bujumbura et facteurs associés
No full textMémoire présenté et soutenu publiquement en vue de l’obtention d’un diplôme de Master en Nutrition et Santé Publique.Introduction: Digital technologies offer opportunities to improve data collection, patient monitoring, and health worker training, including in the field of nutrition. However, in lowincome countries like Burundi, the integration of digital tools in healthcare remains limited by inadequate infrastructure and skills. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge of nutrition service professionals in Bujumbura regarding digital technologies and to identify factors associated with their use. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study was conducted in October 2024 among 64 professionals working in nutrition centers across Bujumbura’s three health districts (Center, North and South). A questionnaire was sent to each respondent and completed by the interviewer during data collection. The sample description and bivariate analysis, with an α risk of error of 5%, were performed in stata 15.1. Variables with a p<0.20 in the bivariate analysis were recruited in the multivariate analysis. Only variables with p<0.05 in the multivariate analysis were retained as significantly associated with professionals’ level of knowledge about the use of digital technologies in Bujumbura’s nutritional services. Results: The majority of respondents (69%) had a low level of knowledge about the use of digital technologies, versus only 31% with a satisfactory level. Additionally, 34% of participants reported using digital tools daily in their work, while 31% never used them. Factors significantly associated with having good knowledge of digital technologies (p<0.05) included younger age, having received training in digital tools through multiple approaches (in-person, online, and selftraining), and daily use of the tools. In multivariate analysis, these three factors emerged as independent predictors of a satisfactory level of knowledge of digital technologies. Furthermore, the main challenges reported by professionals in using digital tools were the lack of computer equipment and limited Internet access. Conclusion: This study highlights the low level of digital technology proficiency among nutrition service professionals in Bujumbura. Strengthening continuous training, improving access to computer equipment and connectivity, and ensuring the institutional integration of digital tools are essential steps to enhance the effective use of digital technologies in nutrition services. Key Words: Knowledge, use, digital technologies, nutrition services, associated factors, Bujumbura, Burundi
Analyse intégrée de la chaine de valeur de la filière riz de la plaine de l’Imbo
No full textMémoire présenté et défendu publiquement en vue de l’obtention du Diplôme de Master en Economie Rurale, Sociale et de l’Environnement Option : Economie Rurale et Gestion des Entreprises AgroalimentairesRice is the primary cereal for human consumption, serving as the staple food for nearly 50% of the global population. In Africa, the demand for rice has significantly increased, largely due to urbanization, leading to a greater reliance on imports. In Burundi, although irrigated rice cultivation was introduced in the Imbo plain to enhance food security, national production remains insufficient to meet this growing demand, resulting in substantial imports.
The rice sector in Burundi is crucial for household incomes, yet it faces several challenges, such as high input costs and limited access to resources. In this context, the study aims to analyze the value chain of the rice sector by assessing the average net income generated by each actor and examining his or her interactions.
To achieve these objectives, a survey was conducted with 96 actors selected using the "snowball" method, including 41 rice farmers, 20 millers, 15 wholesalers, 10 retailers, and 10 consumers. Data collection was carried out using the KoBoCollect application, followed by data cleaning and coding. The results were analyzed using EXCEL and SPSS software, allowing the research questions to be addressed.
The findings indicate that the average net income generated by the actors varies significantly according to their specific roles. Producers report an average net income of 5,628,973 F per season, while millers generate 838,785 F. Wholesalers, on the other hand, show an average net income of 7,880,534 F, surpassing that of retailers, who earn 3,878,370 F.
Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis reveals that fluctuations in rice prices are significantly influenced by production costs and climatic conditions. Other variables, such as consumer demand and government policies, did not exhibit significant effects.
Finally, the study highlights several challenges faced by the actors in the chain, including high input costs and limited access to these resources. Concerns related to the quality of raw rice and equipment costs are also identified. Commercialization is hindered by transportation difficulties and price fluctuations, while price volatility and income constraints represent significant obstacles for consumers
Relation entre la malnutrition chronique et le paludisme chez les enfants de 12 à 59 mois dans le district sanitaire Mpanda, au Burundi
No full textMémoire Présenté en vue d'obtenir un diplôme de Master en Nutrition et Santé Option : Nutrition et Santé PubliqueIntroduction: Mpanda health district is a highly malaria-endemic area, with a high prevalence of chronic malnutrition estimated at 60.2%. Although some studies have suggested an interaction between stunting and malaria occurrence, results remain conflicting. This study aims to analyze the relationship between these two pathologies in children aged 12 to 59 months in this district.
Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 368 mother-child pairs, selected by random sampling. A structured questionnaire was administered, supplemented by anthropometric measurements and a thick blood smear examination in the children. ENA software was used to assess height-for-age (H/A) ratio, while statistical analysis was performed with Stata 15.1, assuming a significance level of 5%. Two logistic regression models were constructed, one for chronic malnutrition and the other for malaria. The validity of the models was tested using ROC curves.
Results: The prevalence of chronic malnutrition was 49.7%, and the incidence of malaria was estimated at 4 per 100 people/week. The main factors associated with an increased risk of malaria where chronic malnutrition (aOR = 20.3; 95% CI: 2.19-188.9), a history of moderate acute malnutrition (aOR = 12.6; 95% CI: 2.27-70.39), and maternal age ≥ 35 years (aOR = 11.2; 95% CI: 1.49-84.4). Concerning chronic malnutrition, the identified risk factors were malaria parasitemia (aOR = 5.58; 95% CI: 1.36-22.87), the child's age between 12 and 23 months (aOR = 3.50; 95% CI: 1.49-8.17), male sex (aOR = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.30-3.80), and the consumption of only one meal per day (aOR = 6.07; 95% CI: 2.26-16.28). Several factors were associated with a reduction in the risk of chronic malnutrition such as a diversified diet [ORa = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.22-0.77], maternal age ≥ 35 years [aOR=0.38; 95% CI: 0.19-0.76], maternal secondary education [aOR=0.37, 95% CI: 0.17-0.84], ownership of large livestock [aOR=0.44, 95% CI: 0.21-0.91] and access to a drinking water source [aOR=0.08, 95% CI: 0.02-0.26].
Conclusion: Chronic malnutrition and malaria make a vicious circle in which they reinforce each other and some nutritionals, sociodemographic and environmental factors are associated to their prevalence among children aged 12-59 months in Mpanda health distric
Déterminants de la malnutrition aiguë sévère chez les enfants de 6 à 59 mois dans le District Sanitaire Kabezi, Province Bujumbura au Burundi
No full textMémoire Présenté et soutenu publiquement en vue de l’obtention du Diplôme de Master en Nutrition et Santé Option : Nutrition et Santé PubliqueIntroduction: SAM in children aged 6 to 59 months is a major public health concern and a real obstacle to the country's development. The Kabezi Health District has a prevalence of 1.8% of SAM, which is the closest to the emergency threshold of 2% set by the WHO. These data require special attention and urgent action to combat this malnutrition. Our study aimed to identify the determinants of SAM in children aged 6 to 59 months in the Kabezi Health District with a view to improving its prevention.
Methodology: A matched case-control study was conducted from November 1, 2024, to March 31, 2025, on a sample of 67 case pairs and 67 control pairs, each consisting of a child and their mother/guardian. The sampling of case pairs admitted into the study for MAS reasons in the months of November 1 and December 31, 2024, in line with the inclusion criteria and non-inclusion criteria, were enrolled. After analyzing the collected data, the variables whose p < 20% were retained in the multivariate analysis and only the variables whose p < 0.05 were confirmed as significantly associated with MAS in children aged 6 to 59 in the Kabezi Health District.
Results : The results of our study showed us that the determinants significantly associated with the onset of SAM in children aged 6 to 59 months are: being raised by someone other than their mother (OR=12.99 95% CI = [1.46-1115.01]); the mother's education level (OR=4.06 95% CI = [1.58-10.41]); the number of people per household exceeding 5 (OR=4.471 95% CI = [1.82-10.93]); the number of children under 5 years per household (OR=5.36 95% CI = [1.31-21.82]); insufficient household income (OR=11.12 95% CI = [2.51-49.10]); late breastfeeding of the newborn (OR=4.62 95% CI = [1.83-11.64]); number of times the child ate yesterday (OR=2.662 95% CI = [1.11-6.35]); Dietary diversity (OR=4.78 95% CI = [1.29-17.76]) absence of decision-making in the household (OR=6.185 95% CI = [1.71-22.34]). The ROC curve indicated that the probability of the model predicting the occurrence of SAM is 90.15%.
Conclusion : Our study identified the determinants of SAM that need to be addressed to prevent an increase in the SAM rate among children aged 6 to 59 months in the Kabezi Health District
Evaluation de l’influence de la charge polluante apportée par la rivière Ruzibazi sur l’abondance et la diversité du zooplancton du lac Tanganyika, province Rumonge au Burundi
No full textMémoire présenté et défendu publiquement en vue de l’obtention du diplôme de master en sciences chimiques. Spécialité : Contrôle et Analyses ChimiquesDespite its rich biodiversity, Lake Tanganyika is continually undergoing degradation, one of the main causes of which is pollution. This pollution poses a perilous threat to certain species. These include physical pollution due to watershed erosion, chemical pollution due to wastewater, wastewater and chemicals from industries. This study assesses the influence of the pollutant load of the Ruzibazi River, one of its tributaries, on the abundance of zooplankton, which are considered as one of the indicators of pollution. This study was carried out in two seasons (dry season and rainy season) due to two campaigns for each season. Samples were taken upstream and at the mouth of this river. Some parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, TDS, temperature were measured in the field. Other parameters such as phosphates, different forms of nitrogen, organic matter, metals, abundance and diversity of zooplankton were analyzed in the laboratory using standard methods. In order to calculate the pollutant load, the flow rate of this River was also measured. The results of this study show that the concentration of total iron exceeds Burundian standard, reaching 4.183 mg/l against a limit of 1 mg/l, while manganese and nickel remain compliant. Turbidity increases considerably during the rainy season (102.925 ± 75.82 NTU against a threshold of 30 NTU), and fecal contamination remains high throughout the year, with levels of total coliforms, E. coli and Salmonella exceeding Burundian standards. Nutrient and heavy metal fluxes increase during the rainy season due to runoff, with significant increases in manganese (80.25 kg/d), iron (3926.1 kg/d), and nickel (27.06 kg/d). Discharges of BOD5 (5132.2 kg/d), suspended solids (3593 kg/d), oils and greases (641.05 kg/d), and TDS (15,853.7 kg/d) are also higher during this period. The zoopl ankton community is dominated by copepods, rotifers, ostracods, and cladocerans. Maximum abundance is observed in June and August, with a decrease in December. Mesocyclops leuckarti and nauplii are present year-round, while rotifers, mainly Lecane luna and Scaridium sp, peak in August. The Shannon diversity index ranges between 1.66 and 2.46 bits/ind, indicating maximum diversity in early December. The Piélou evenness index ranges between 0.64 and 0.87, reflecting an uneven distribution of species across seasons. These fluctuations demonstrate the influence of seasonal variations on zooplankton structure and dynamic
Impact de lactofermentation sur la qualité nutritionnelle et organoleptique des feuilles vertes de haricots
No full textMémoire présenté et défendu publiquement en vue d'obtention de diplôme de Master en Sciences des aliments et nutrition Option : Technologie et qualité des alimentsFermentation, an ancestral method of food preservation, is widely used throughout the world, particularly in the form of lactofermentation. This process uses lactic acid bacteria that transform sugars into lactic acid, improving the preservation, nutritional value, digestibility, and organoleptic qualities of foods. Lactofermented vegetables, rich in probiotics, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds, represent an attractive alternative, particularly for people with lactose intolerance.
Green bean leaves, often neglected and prone to waste during periods of overproduction, could benefit from lactofermentation to extend their shelf life while improving their nutritional quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of lactofermentation on the nutritional (phenolic compounds, minerals, vitamin C) and sensory (color, odor, texture, taste) qualities of bean leaves. Qualitative analyses confirmed the presence of gallic and catechol tannins before and after fermentation, indicating that lactofermentation can modify their structure or concentration. Saponins and flavonoids were also detected.
Physicochemical results show a significant decrease in pH (from 6.3 to 3.5), an increase in vitamin C (59%), and titratable acidity, indicating active lactic fermentation promoting preservation. The content of essential minerals (calcium, iron, zinc, potassium, magnesium) also increased, likely due to release through the enzymatic activity of lactic acid bacteria.
Sensorially, lactofermentation improved the taste by reducing bitterness, slightly modified the color without affecting visual acceptability, and stabilized the odor without developing unpleasant aromas. The texture was slightly softened
Le divorce dans la commune urbaine de Ntahangwa : Déterminants et conséquences sur la scolarité des enfants
No full textMémoire présenté et défendu publiquement en vue de l’obtention du diplôme de Master en Sociétés, Pouvoirs, Territoires et Développement Durable. Spécialité : Population et DéveloppementThis thesis examines the phenomenon of divorce in the urban commune of Ntahangwa, focusing on its determinants and its consequences on children's educational outcomes. The primary objective is to understand the social, economic, and cultural causes leading to marital dissolution within this rapidly changing urban environment, and to analyze the direct and indirect impact of this rupture on the educational trajectories of children from divorced families.
The study employs a hypothetico-deductive approach, combining qualitative methods specifically semi-structured interviews with the analysis of secondary data. The findings indicate that the principal factors contributing to divorce are infidelity, socio-economic hardships faced by couples, a lack of marital preparation and communication between spouses, the socio-professional status of women, domestic violence, couple infertility, and the types of marital unions. Regarding the consequences on schooling, these manifest in the form of school dropouts, a decline in academic performance, emotional disturbances, and a reduction in parental guidance and support
Déterminants de non-complétude des visites prénatales en mairie de Bujumbura
No full textMémoire Présenté et défendu publiquement en vue de l’obtention du Diplôme de Master en Sociétés, Pouvoirs, Territoires et Développement Durable Spécialité : Population et DéveloppementPrenatal visits in Burundi remain a hot topic at both the national and provincial levels. The issue prompted us to conduct a bivariate and multivariate study to identify the determinants of incompleteness of prenatal visits among women in Bujumbura town hall, namely: desire for pregnancy, household standard of living, and parity. Our objective was to understand the influence of socioeconomic, sociocultural, sociodemographic, and geographic factors on the completeness of prenatal visits. The study was conducted in Bujumbura town hall using secondary data from the EDSB-III (2016-2017). The results found by the bivariate analysis showed that the desire for pregnancy, household standard of living, and parity are the factors that determine the incompleteness of prenatal visits among women in Bujumbura town hall. Similarly, through multivariate analysis, we found that the desire for pregnancy is the most determining variable for the incompleteness of prenatal visits in Bujumbura town hall. Women who do not want pregnancy run more than 1.72 times the risk of incomplete prenatal visits than women who want pregnancy. Taking these results into account will help reduce unwanted pregnancies, reduce the number of children per woman and increase the standard of living of households in order to increase the completeness of prenatal visits in Bujumbura town hall
Influence de la dynamique coopérative sur le bien-être des ménages agricoles en commune Rusaka, au centre du Burundi
No full textMémoire présenté et soutenu publiquement en vue de l'obtention du Diplôme de Master en Economie Rurale, Sociale et Environnement Option : Economie Rurale et Gestion des Entreprises AgroalimentairesLa popularité croissante des coopératives à l'échelle mondiale, soutenue par leurs succès avérés, suscite un intérêt grandissant parmi les décideurs. De nombreux acteurs du développement s'accordent sur le fait que les coopératives constituent une nouvelle forme d'organisation susceptible de répondre de manière holistique aux enjeux de réduction de la pauvreté et d'amélioration des revenus.
Cette étude se concentre sur l’influence de la dynamique coopérative sur le bien-être des ménages agricoles de la commune Rusaka, au centre du Burundi. Plus précisément, elle vise à identifier les facteurs qui influencent les ménages agricoles de la Commune Rusaka à rejoindre des coopératives agricoles, ainsi qu'à évaluer si ces coopératives permettent effectivement aux ménages agricoles d'augmenter leur bien-être. Pour ce faire, une enquête a été menée auprès de 104 ménages agricoles choisis de manière aléatoire dans la Commune Rusaka, province de Mwaro. Les analyses ont été réalisées à la fois en utilisant un modèle logit pour identifier les facteurs influençant l'adhésion des ménages aux coopératives agricoles, et en appliquant la méthode d'appariement des scores de propension (PSM) pour étudier l'influence de la dynamique coopérative sur le bien-être des ménages agricoles. Les résultats du modèle logit mettent en lumière 7 variables déterminantes pour l'adhésion des ménages ruraux aux coopératives agricoles, telles que l’âge, le genre, la vulgarisation, le statut matrimonial, la possession d'un téléphone, l’accès au crédit et le niveau d'éducation. De plus, les résultats de l'appariement des scores de propension révèlent qu'en moyenne, les membres des coopératives agricoles génèrent des revenus annuels d'environ 2.926.250Fbu plus élevés que les non-membres.
Ces conclusions soulignent l'importance cruciale de l'adhésion à une coopérative agricole pour l'augmentation du bien-être des ménages agricoles. En conséquence, il est suggéré aux ménages agricoles de renforcer leur engagement coopératif afin d'augmenter leurs revenus. De plus, il est encore suggéré à l'État de soutenir les coopératives en mettant en place des politiques et des programmes de soutien, tels qu’un accès au financement simplifié et des formations spécialisées. Encourager la coopération en facilitant la création de réseaux entre les coopératives agricoles, les entreprises locales et les organisations de la société civile en fin d’accélérer l’innovation et la croissance économique
Effets de l’adoption des pratiques agroécologiques sur l’autonomisation des ménages dans les contreforts de Mumirwa
No full textMémoire présenté et soutenu publiquement en vue de l’obtention du diplôme de Master en Développement Rural et Agro-businessLa présente étude a été réalisée dans les contreforts de Mumirwa, une des 11 régions agro écologiques du Burundi exactement dans les communes de Bubanza, Musigati et Rugazi. Elle a pour objectif d’évaluer les effets de l’adoption des pratiques agro écologiques entre autres l’association des cultures, la rotation des cultures, l’usage des bio pesticides et des biofertilisants, haies antiérosives etc.) sur l’autonomisation des ménages des contreforts de Mumirwa. Elle vise aussi identifier les déterminants du niveau d’autonomie économique des ménages. Les données ont été collectées auprès des 227 chefs de ménages agricoles dans les communes Bubanza, Musigati et Rugazi à l’aide d’un questionnaire digitalisé sous le logiciel Kobocollect. L’analyse économétrique des données a été faite à travers le test de Student, le test de Levene, le test de chi-deux et un modèle logistique. De plus, l’Analyse des Composantes Multiples (ACM) a été utilisée dans la classification des enquêtés selon leurs caractéristiques. Les résultats ont montré que 83,33% des ménages adoptants sont très satisfaits par les PAE contre 16,67% qui en sont moyennement satisfaits. Avec revenu agricole moyen de 5 277 865 BIF par an et par ménage chez les adoptants contre 1 789 802 BIF chez les non adoptants, les adoptants ont 5,83 fois plus de chance de réaliser des AGR, 29,35 fois plus de chance de créer l’emploi agricole, 2,87 fois plus de chance d’avoir un logement salubre ; 17,82% plus de chance d’avoir leurs propres animaux d’élevage, 7,21 fois plus de chance de satisfaire leurs besoins alimentaires et par conséquent avoir un score de consommation acceptable que les non adoptants. L’ACM nous a permis de classer la population de notre zone d’étude en deux groupes distincts selon leurs caractéristiques communes. A l’issu de ces résultats, les adoptants tendent vers l’autonomie que les non adoptants