Dépôt numerique grenier du savoir du Burundi
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Analyse des déterminants de l’inflation dans les pays de l’Afrique subsaharienne (1990-2023)
No full textMémoire Présenté et soutenu publiquement en vue de l’obtention du Diplôme de Master en Analyse Économique et Développement Spécialité : Analyse ÉconomiqueThis study analyses the determinants of inflation for 48 sub-Saharan African countries. The indicators used come from the World Development Indicators (WDI) and the World Governance Indicators (WGI) of the World Bank. The study uses dynamic panel data with estimation by the method of generalized moments in first difference and in system. The estimation results show that the determinants of inflation in SSA are macroeconomic factors, i.e. growth in the money supply, the real interest rate, growth in gross domestic product, FDI and structural factors, i.e. changes in the official exchange rate, trade in goods, which captures imported inflation, and finally institutional factors, the main components of which are political stability, the absence of violence and terrorism, and the effectiveness of governance. The results of this study could inspire policy makers to combat inflation in Sub-Saharan Africa
Caractérisation morphologique et anatomique et performances en vermiculture des vers de terre épigés du Burundi
No full textMémoire Présenté pour l’obtention du Diplôme de master en Sciences et Gestion Intégrée de l’Environnement Spécialité : Génie de l’environnementThe study of the biological compatibility of earthworms is essential for the development of vermicomposting. Species compatible with vermicomposting are epigeic, ubiquitous, small in size, and reproduce rapidly (2–3 times the initial population within 30–45 days) at temperatures ranging from 20 to 30 °C on various organic substrates. They must also induce physicochemical transformations that result in vermicompost meeting international standards within 2 to 3 months.
To support the development of vermiculture and vermicomposting by identifying epigeic earthworms in Burundi that are biologically compatible with this technology, we aimed to: (i) Morphologically and anatomically characterize epigeic earthworm species that demonstrate suitable body mass, survival rates, and population growth within 4 to 6 weeks of laboratory culture on sugarcane and palm oil residues at 18–32 °C; (ii) Identify those capable of inducing physicochemical changes compatible with the vermicomposting process; (iii) Determine which species can produce physicochemically compliant vermicompost within 60 days using sugarcane residues, palm oil waste, cow manure, and rumen content.
Adult epigeic earthworms were collected from eight natural regions of Burundi and analyzed morphologically and anatomically in the laboratory and, too morpho - species were identified, including Eudrilus eugeniae, found in 75% of the studied regions, and two others specific to Kumoso and Buyogoma. These earthworms induced physicochemical transformations in substrates (sugarcane and palm oil residues), altering parameters such as pH, salinity, electrical conductivity, and chloride levels, and producing vermicompost enriched with macronutrients, micronutrients, and heavy metals.
The results of this study demonstrate that earthworms from various regions of Burundi are biologically suited for vermicomposting and can efficiently convert sugarcane and palm oil waste into high-quality vermicompost. These findings contribute to advancing vermicomposting technology and other vermi-based innovations in Burundi
Analyse économique de la culture du maïs et évaluation de l’effet du sarrasin comme engrais vert sur la culture du haricot à Kabarore ( KAYANZA, BURUNDI )
No full textMémoire présenté et défendu en vue de l'Obtention du Diplôme de Master en Sciences et Gestion Intégrée de l’Environnement. Option : Génie de l’EnvironnementBurundian agriculture is largely dominated by subsistence family farming systems. It faces numerous challenges related to declining soil fertility, low yields of food crops, and the increasing impacts of climate change. In this context, the present study aims to analyze the economic profitability of maize ( Zea mays L.) cultivation and to assess the agronomic impact of using buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) as green manure on the productivity of common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Kabarore Commune, Kayanza Province.
The methodology adopted for this study combines experimental and economic approaches. Sixteen experimental plots belonging to different farmer-researchers were selected for maize cultivation, while four additional plots were used for bean cultivation. An economic analysis based on production costs and revenues was carried out in order to evaluate the profitability of maize cultivation under local conditions. The value–cost ratio (V/C) obtained for the sixteen farmers ranged from a minimum of 1.1 to a maximum of 5.6, with an average of 2.6. Based on the profitability criterion set at a minimum V/C of 2, it was observed that 14 out of the 16 farms studied (nearly 90%) exhibited good to very good economic profitability.
As for the bean experment, field trials were established using a randomized complete block design to compare three treatments on dwarf bean (Mukungugu). In terms of average yield, the results revealed very low yield values: 56 kg/ha for T0 (absolute control + lime), 207.83 kg/ha for T1 (farmyard manure + Fomi-Imbura + lime), and 65.5 kg/ha for T2 [buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) + lime]. Although the trial can be considered an agronomic success, the results indicate that the buckwheat treatment was not more advantageous than the limed control treatment. Moreover, under the harsh conditions of the experiment (severe water deficit during the growing period), it was significantly inferior (by about 30%) to treatment T1 (farmyard manure + Fomi-Imbura + lime). At present, and without further repetition of the experiment, it is not possible to draw definitive conclusions about the fertilizing potential of buckwheat under the agro-ecological conditions of Kabarore Commune, Kayanza Province
Analyse de l’enseignement de la Physique au 4ème cycle de l’enseignement fondamental : cas des ECOFO de la DPE Kirundo et Karusi
No full textMémoire présente et défendu publiquement en vue de l’obtention du diplôme de master en didactiques des sciences. option : physiqueThis thesis focuses on the teaching of physics in the 4th cycle of ECOFO. It aims to analyze the pedagogical methods used, the difficulties encountered by teachers, the errors found in textbooks, the qualifications of the teachers who teach this subject, as well as the conditions under which physics is taught.
To achieve our objectives and to verify the hypotheses of this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 60 teachers of the 4th cycle in the DPEs of Kirundo and Karusi, in order to present the situation of the teaching–learning of physics at this level. In addition, an in-depth analysis of the textbooks (teacher’s guide and student’s book) for the physics component was carried out to identify possible errors.
The results reveal a largely theoretical mode of instruction, limited by a lack of teaching materials, insufficient pedagogical training of teachers, curricula that are poorly adapted to students’ levels, and errors in the textbooks. Recommendations are proposed in this study to improve the quality of physics teaching and learning. Further studies could be conducted on the same topic by analyzing the current state of physics education in other basic schools or in boarding schools, with the aim of achieving high-quality physics instruction
Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Land Use and Land Cover Change in the Agricultural Plains of Cul-de-Sac, Maribahoux, and Léogâne (1997–2024): An Analysis Using Remote Sensing and Landscape Metrics
No full textArticle de rechercheIn Haiti, uncontrolled urbanization is increasing pressure on agricultural landscapes, compromising both their ecological integrity and productivity. This study examines spatiotemporal land-use changes across three agricultural plains, Cul-de-Sac, Maribahoux, and Léogâne, between 1997 and 2024, using Landsat imagery and landscape metrics of composition (percentage of landscape, PLAND) and configuration (largest patch index, LPI). The findings reveal a rapid expansion of built-up areas, primarily at the expense of farmland.
In the Cul-de-Sac plain, built-up areas and bare soil grew by 152%, from 41.26 km2 to 104.11 km2, while agricultural land became highly fragmented (LPI dropping from 94.51% to 57.63%). In Maribahoux, urbanization was more moderate, partly offset by a temporary rise in woody vegetation that peaked at 20.04% in 2022 before declining. The Léogâne plain experienced a 17.38 km2 increase in built-up areas and bare soil, alongside a slight decrease in woody vegetation. Population density showed limited differences in Maribahoux and Léogâne, but marked disparities in Cul-de-Sac, where landscape transformation was more pronounced. These findings highlight increasing fragmentation of agricultural landscapes, threatening ecological connectivity and functionality, and stress the urgent need for land-use planning that curbs urban growth, protects farmland, and safeguards biodiversity
Etude comparative de la papaïne et de la Bromélaïne comme coagulants alternatifs pour la transformation des produits laitiers : Cas du fromage du type Gouda
No full textMémoire présenté et défendu pour obtention d’un diplôme de Master en sciences des aliments et nutrition Option : Technologie et qualité des alimentsProteins are essential nutritionally, economically, and sociocultural, and are especially present in ruminant milk, whose processing into cheese allows for better preservation. Rennet, a coagulating enzyme extracted from the stomachs of young ruminants, mainly milk-fed calves, is most often used in cheese processing, making it expensive and limited in availability.
The study demonstrates that papain and bromelain can coagulate cow's milk, with variable results depending on the quantity used, and the processed cheeses retain their organoleptic qualities for 9 months of ripening and more. FP1 cheese, coagulated with 1 g of papaya leaves, did not form a curd, while at 3 g, an adequate curd formed. FA2 cheese, made with 40 ml of pineapple juice, was rated higher in taste, odor, and color than the one coagulated with 3 g of papaya leaves. A low dose of enzymes is recommended to preserve the organoleptic quality of the cheese. Although papain has superior proteolytic activity, bromelain is preferred for its sensory qualities. This study represents the first investigation into the production of Gouda cheese using natural coagulants, although challenges remain regarding enzyme extraction and the texture of the final product.
Microbiological analysis reveals the absence of harmful staphylococci and coliforms, but a high presence of lactic acid flora and slight contamination by yeasts and molds. Ripening conditions influence microbial growth
Mise au point d’un système de culture continu en semis direct dans un couvert végétal permanent de Stylosanthes guianensis (Aublet) Swartz adapté aux conditions naturelles de la plaine de l’Imbo au Burundi
No full textDissertation originale présentée et soutenue publiquement en vue de l’obtention du grade de Docteur en Sciences Agronomiques et Ingénierie Biologique Spécialité : Systèmes agraires et fertilité des solsDans le but de la mise au point d’un système de culture en semis direct sous couvert végétal (SCV) permanent de Stylosanthes guianensis adapté aux conditions naturelles de la plaine de l’Imbo au Burundi, le comportement de deux variétés de Stylosanthes (variétés CIAT 184 et 202cc) a été évalué en culture pure et en association avec les systèmes des cultures adaptés. Cette étude a été menée au site de Mugerero à travers un dispositif expérimental en blocs aléatoires complets avec quatre répétitions. Les traitements consistaient en une combinaison d’un système de rotation culturale (manioc - maïs – maïs, jachère-maïs-maïs, manioc-maïs+engrais chimiques - maïs + engrais chimiques, pas de cultures vivrières) et d’une couverture permanente du sol avec une variété de Stylosanthes.
Les résultats montrent que ces deux variétés de Stylosanthes, produisent une quantité de biomasse suffisante pour la mise en place d’un système de culture continu en semis direct et une bonne production des graines. Les rendements moyens de la variété du manioc en culture pure étaient nettement élevés 30,827±1,8218 (t/ha) que ceux obtenus en cultures associées 20,799±1,1483 (t/ha).
Dans les systèmes en rotation avec le maïs, tous les traitements à base du stylo ont un rendement supérieur à la moyenne générale qui était de 2,7 t/ha en grain tandis que le système à base de maïs seul vient en dernière position avec une moyenne de 2,4±0,2 t/ha.
Les résultats de l’analyse du sol, montrent que la couverture permanente de Stylosanthes améliore significativement (p 0,05).
Les systèmes évalués ont manifesté des résultats prometteurs pour la culture du manioc et la culture du maïs. S. guianensis apporte des éléments nutritifs nécessaires au développement de la culture qui lui est associée et permet une amélioration sensible des rendements des cultures subséquentes. En définitive, la fertilité chimique du sol peut être améliorée à moindre coût par l’intégration d’une couverture permanente de S. guianensis
Droit international et les garanties judiciaires d'un accuse dans le cadre d’un procès pénal au Burundi
No full textMémoire présenté et défendu publiquement en vue de l’obtention d’un Diplôme de Master en Droit JudiciaireBien que les différents textes internationaux et nationaux des droits de l'homme déterminent les différentes garanties judiciaires d'un accusé dans un procès pénal, il arrive souvent des cas où ces règles ne sont pas respectées. C'est ainsi que notre recherche a été dirigé dans le sens de l'analyse des garanties judiciaires d'un accusé dans le procès pénal au Burundi.
Dans un procès pénal, les garanties judiciaires visent à assurer un procès équitable et respectueux d'un accusé. En effet, parmi les différentes garanties judiciaires qu'un accusé doit bénéficier, il y a celles qui sont absolues comme le droit à la défense et droit à un tribunal et des autres garanties qui peuvent connaître des restrictions à leurs applications.
Notre étude a été centré sur les deux grands chapitres dont le premier est porté sur le cadre légal des garanties judiciaires d'un accusé dans un procès pénal, nous avons analysé les différents instruments juridiques internationaux et nationaux qui prévoient les différentes garanties judiciaires d'un accusé. Sur ce point, nous avons constaté que les instruments juridiques internationaux sont plus clairs et précis que ceux nationaux. Dans le deuxième chapitre intitulé respect des garanties judiciaires d'un accusé devant les juridictions burundaises notamment devant la cour d'appel de Bujumbura-marie, nous avons examiné la compétence et l'organisation de ladite cour, rôle des magistrats et des greffiers dans le respect de ces garanties, la procédure devant la cour d'appel et les différents arrêts rendus par la cour d'appel de Bujumbura-marie.
Enfin, nous avons constaté que toutes garanties judiciaires d'un accusé ne sont pas suffisamment respectées dans le procès pénal au Burundi surtout celui d'être jugé dans un délai raisonnable
Analysis of Translation Techniques for Cultural Aspects in Saint Exupery's Le Petit Prince from French to Kirundi and English
No full textA Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of Master's Degree in Translation and InterpretationTranslating is changing textual information from a source language to a target language. Taking this action is not easy if languages of concern have no historical relationships. Challenges that translators often record and report include changing cultural elements of the source language into the target language. This inspired the choice of this research topic whose aim was to analyze techniques that were used in translating cultural elements in ―Le Petit Prince” first in English language, ―The Little prince”, by Katherine Woods (1943) and then into Kirundi ―Sakaganwa” by Professor Domitien Nizigiyimana (2015). This study uses a mixed methods design that is; it combines qualitative and quantitative data. The researcher‘s effective connection of qualitative data to quantitative ones through this single study gives a clear insight of a more dominant technique of translating elements of cultures. Our reference in comparing and contrasting the translation techniques within the aforementioned primary sources is Molina and Albir (2002). Findings show that the translation techniques used to render cultural aspects from French to Kirundi are literal translation, adaptation, borrowing, description, amplification and reduction. Those employed by the translator to translate cultural aspects from French to English are literal translation, borrowing, adaptation, amplification, description, established equivalence and modulation. The Proportion of the literal translation is dominant from French to Kirundi and from French to English. This shows that there is a mixture of translation techniques for accuracy
Impacts socio-économiques des conflits fonciers sur le développement rural : Cas de la Commune Mukike
No full textMémoire présenté et défendu publiquement en vue de l’obtention d’un Diplôme de Master en Sociétés, Pouvoirs, Territoires et Développement Durable Spécialité : Population et DéveloppementThe survey results highlight a population characterized by inequalities in education, marital status, and family structure, which have a direct impact on land practices and socioeconomic dynamics. Regarding family planning, 79.11% of respondents support it, compared to 20.89% who reject it, reflecting a relative openness to modern population management practices. Land acquisition is dominated by inheritance (70.58%), highlighting the importance of traditions in land transfer, while purchase (29.43%) illustrates a gradual commoditization of land. These dynamics, coupled with recurring land conflicts, impact rural development. Land conflicts in Mukike commune are mainly caused by delayed land sharing (50.98%), cases of double sales (17.64%), and exceeding land boundaries (31.37%).
On the socioeconomic level, these land conflicts result in killings (1.9%), injuries (52.94), imprisonment (56.86%), payment of legal fees (66.66%), and sale of property (41.17%).
On the environmental level, these land conflicts contribute to deforestation (74%) and bushfires (26%). To address this, NGOs such as Cordaid Burundi have distributed equipment to the Bahuza council and have already raised awareness among the population about land issues