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REHABILITATION AFTER ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURY IN FEMALE SOCCER PLAYERS
No full textOzljeda prednjeg križnog ligamenta (ACL) jedna je od najtežih i najčešćih sportskih ozljeda,
osobito u nogometu kod žena, gdje je rizik od ozljede ACL-a znatno veći nego kod
nogometaša. Radi se o ozbiljnoj ozljedi koja može imati dugoročne posljedice na samo
koljeno, sportske uspjehe i ukupnu kvalitetu života nogometašice. Analizirana je funkcionalna
anatomija i biomehanika koljenog zgloba, s posebnim naglaskom na ulogu ligamentarnih i
mišićnih struktura u održavanju stabilnosti zgloba. Posebna pažnja posvećena je i
mehanizmima nastanka ozljede, posebno kod nekontaktnih ozljeda, poput naglih promjena
smjera, doskoka i rotacijskih pokreta, koji se često povezuju s neučinkovitom neuromišićnom
kontrolom i biomehaničkim disbalansom. Razmatraju se i brojni rizični čimbenici koji
uključuju anatomsku strukturu zdjelice i koljena, hormonalne promjene tijekom menstrualnog
ciklusa, kao i vanjske faktore poput podloge i neadekvatne obuće. Dijagnostika se temelji na
anamnezi, specifičnim kliničkim testovima, kao što su test prednje ladice i Lachmanov test, te
slikovnim metodama poput magnetne rezonance. Glavni fokus rada je na rehabilitacijskom
procesu nakon ozljede ACL-a koji je ključan za oporavak, a odvija se kroz nekoliko faza:
preoperativne, akutne, srednje, kasne i preventivne. Svaka faza ima jasno definirane ciljeve i
terapijske postupke, uključujući kontrolu boli i otekline, obnavljanje pokretljivosti, jačanje
mišića, neuromišićnu kontrolu te funkcionalni i specifični trening za povratak na teren.
Individualizirani pristup rehabilitaciji te edukacija pacijentice imaju ključnu ulogu u
sprječavanju ponovne ozljede i osiguranju dugoročnog očuvanja zdravlja. Prevencija i
kontinuirani rad nakon povratka na teren sastavni su dio uspješne rehabilitacije. Psihološko
stanje nogometašice također se ne smije zanemariti, jer mnoge nogometašice razviju strah od
ponovne ozljede.Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the most severe and common sports
injuries, particularly in women´s soccer, where the risk of ACL injury is significantly higher
than in male soccer players. It is a serious injury that can have long-term consequences for the
knee itself, athletic performance, and the overall quality of life of the female soccer player.
This paper analyzes the functional anatomy and biomechanics of the knee joint, with special
emphasis on the role of ligamentous and muscular structures in maintaining joint stability.
Special attention is given to injury mechanisms, especially non-contact ones, such as sudden
changes in direction, landing, and rotational movements, which are often associated with
inefficient neuromuscular control and biomechanical imbalances. Numerous risk factors are
considered, including pelvic and knee joint anatomy, hormonal changes during the menstrual
cycle, as well as external factors such as playing surface and inadequate footwear. Diagnosis
is based on medical history, specific clinical tests such as the anterior drawer test and
Lachman test, and imaging techniques like magnetic resonance imaging. The main focus of
the paper is the rehabilitation process following an ACL injury, which is crucial for recovery
and takes place through several phases: preoperative, acute, intermediate, late, and preventive.
Each phase has clearly defined goals and therapeutic procedures, including pain and swelling
management, restoration of range of motion, muscle strengthening, neuromuscular control,
and functional and sport-specific training for return to play. An individualized approach to
rehabilitation and patient education plays a key role in preventing reinjury and ensuring long
term health preservation. Prevention and continuous work after returning to the field are
essential components of successful rehabilitation. The psychological state of the female
athlete should also not be overlooked, as many soccer players develop a fear of reinjury
ATTITUDES OF STUDENTS OF IVANIĆ-GRAD UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES TOWARD PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES
No full textUvod: Svrha je ovog rada pokazati stavove studenata Veleučilišta Ivanić-Grad prema osobama s invaliditetom te utvrditi postoje li razlike u stavovima s obzirom na spol studenata. S vremenom se značenje invaliditeta tumačilo na različite načine. Invaliditet je sloţen, dinamičan, višedimenzionalan i često osporavan pojam. Tijekom posljednjih desetljeća, pokret osoba s invaliditetom – zajedno s brojnim istraţivačima iz društvenih i zdravstvenih znanosti – istaknuo je ulogu društvenih i fizičkih prepreka u kontekstu invaliditeta. Prijelaz s individualne, medicinske perspektive na strukturnu, društvenu perspektivu opisuje se kao pomak s „medicinskog modela“ na „društveni model“ u kojem se osobe promatraju kao one koje je onesposobilo društvo, a ne samo vlastito tijelo. U posljednje vrijeme, medicinski i socijalni modeli postali su dva dominantna pristupa u diskursu o invaliditetu. Bez obzira na to, vaţno je da oni koji dolaze u kontakt s osobama s invaliditetom kritički promišljaju o načinu na koji definiraju i raspravljaju o invaliditetu. Za studente zdravstvenih usmjerenja i zdravstvene radnike stavovi prema osobama s invaliditetom mogu utjecati na pogled i interakciju s njima.
Metode: U istraţivanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 77 studenata Veleučilišta Ivanić-Grad, od kojih 32 studenta i 45 studentica. Sudionici istraţivanja su studenti od prve do pete godine studija Fizioterapije i Sestrinstva Veleučilišta Ivanić-Grad. Sudionici su ispunili upitnik koji se sastoji od triju navedenih skala: ATDP – „Skala stavova prema osobama s invaliditetom“, SADP – „Skala stavova prema osobama s invaliditetom“, i IDP – „Skala interakcije s osobama s invaliditetom“. Za analizu podataka korištena je analiza „IBM SPSS Software“, uz proveden t-test na razinu značajnosti postavljenu na p < 0,05.
Rezultati: U svim trima (kognitivna – 1. faktor kognitivne komponente stavova, kognitivna – 2. faktor kognitivne komponente stavova i emocionalna – 3. komponenta stavova) komponentama stavova nije postojala statistički značajna razlika izmeĎu spola i stavova prema osobama s invaliditetom. Kognitivna komponenta stavova – 1. faktor kognitivne komponente stavova (Sig. (2-tailed)=0.111, p>0,05), kognitivna komponenta – 2. faktor kognitivne komponente stavova (Sig. (2-tailed)=0.073, p>0,05), emocionalna komponenta – 3. komponenta stavova (Sig. (2-tailed)=0.960, p>0,05).
Zakljuĉak: Ovo istraţivanje pruţilo je vrijedne uvide u stavove studenata prema osobama s invaliditetom. Istraţivanje je doprinijelo detaljnijem pregledu o tome kakvi su stavovi studenata prema osobama s invaliditetom s obzirom na spol. Dobiveni rezultati imaju svrhu
bolje interakcije i primjene te prilagodbe na osobe s invaliditetom s obzirom na spol studenata.Introduction: The purpose of this paper is to present the attitudes of students at the Polytechnic of Ivanić-Grad towards persons with disabilities and to determine whether there are differences in attitudes with regard to the students’ gender. Over time, the meaning of disability has been interpreted in various ways. Disability is a complex, dynamic, multidimensional, and often contested concept. In recent decades, the disability movement – together with numerous researchers from the social and health sciences – has emphasized the role of social and physical barriers in the context of disability. The shift from an individual, medical perspective to a structural, social perspective is described as a transition from the „medical model“ to the „social model“, in which people are seen as being disabled by society rather than solely by their own bodies. Recently, the medical and social models have become two dominant approaches in the discourse on disability. Regardless of this, it is important for those who come into contact with persons with disabilities to critically reflect on how they define and discuss disability. For students in health-oriented programs and health professionals, attitudes towards persons with disabilities can influence their perspective and interaction with them.
Methods: A total of 77 students from the Polytechnic of Ivanić-Grad participated in the study, including 32 male students and 45 female students. The participants were students from the first to the fifth year of the Physiotherapy and Nursing programs at the Polytechnic of Ivanić-Grad. Participants completed a questionnaire consisting of three specified scales: ATDP – „Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons Scale“, SADP – „Scale of Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons“ and IDP – „Interaction with Disabled Persons Scale“. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS software, with a t-test applied at a significance level set at p < 0.05.
Results: In all three components of attitudes (cognitive – 1st factor of the cognitive component of attitudes, cognitive – 2nd factor of the cognitive component of attitudes, and emotional – 3rd component of attitudes), there was no statistically significant difference between gender and attitudes towards persons with disabilities. Cognitive component of attitudes – 1st factor (Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.111, p > 0.05), cognitive component – 2nd factor
(Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.073, p > 0.05), emotional component – 3rd component (Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.960, p > 0.05).
Conclusion: This study provided valuable insights into students’ attitudes towards persons with disabilities. It contributed to a more detailed review of the nature of students’ attitudes towards persons with disabilities in relation to gender. The obtained results aim to improve interaction and application, as well as adaptation to persons with disabilities, considering the gender of students
PHYSIOTHERAPY APPROACH IN THE TREATMENT OF IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS
No full textIdiopatska skolioza je kompleksna trodimenzionalna deformacija kralježnice koja se najčešće razvija tijekom razdoblja rasta, osobito u pubertetu. Budući da njezin uzrok još uvijek nije u potpunosti razjašnjen, označava se kao idiopatska, što znači da nastaje bez poznatog organskog ili funkcionalnog razloga. Ovaj završni rad bavi se anatomskim, kliničkim i terapijskim aspektima idiopatske skolioze, s posebnim naglaskom na fizioterapijski pristup u procjeni i liječenju poremećaja. U uvodnim poglavljima detaljno je prikazana anatomija kralježnice s ciljem boljeg razumijevanja biomehanike i strukturalnih promjena koje nastaju kod skolioze. Slijedi definiranje idiopatske skolioze, uključujući njezinu klasifikaciju, učestalost, etiološke hipoteze te kliničke manifestacije koje se najčešće susreću u svakodnevnoj fizioterapijskoj praksi. Središnji dio rada posvećen je fizioterapijskoj procjeni bolesnika, koja obuhvaća temeljitu analizu zdravstvene povijesti (anamnezu), pregled držanja tijela i simetrije, preciznu procjenu zakrivljenosti kralježnice, kao i testiranje mišićne snage, ravnoteže, disanja i funkcionalnih sposobnosti. Procjena prisutnosti boli također je važan segment koji utječe na odabir terapijskih intervencija. Na temelju sveobuhvatne procjene kreira se individualizirani plan terapije koji uključuje različite fizioterapijske metode. U radu su odrađeni ključni postupci, kao što su ciljane vježbe za jačanje oslabljene muskulature, vježbe istezanja skraćenih mišićnih skupina, respiratorne vježbe koje poboljšavaju ventilacijsku funkciju, kao i primjena fizioterapije. Nadalje, prikazana je važnost manualnih tehnika poput mobilizacije kralježnice, edukacija o pravilnom držanju, korištenje ortopedskih pomagala (ortoza) te psihološka podrška, osobito u adolescentonoj populaciji kod koje skolioza može imati i emocionalni utjecaj. Prikazane su mogućnosti konzervativnog pristupa u blažim oblicima skolioze, dok su kod težih deformacija opisane indikacije za kirurški zahvat. Također je naglašena važnost interdisciplinarne suradnje između fizioterapeuta, ortopeda, psihologa i drugih stručnjaka uključenih u skrb za pacijenta. Zaključno, rad potvrđuje da fizioterapija ima ključnu ulogu u usporavanju progresije skolioze, očuvanju funkcionalnosti kralježnice te unaprjeđenju kvalitete života oboljelih. Rano otkrivanje i primjena individualno prilagođenih terapijskih metoda mogu značajno smanjiti potrebu za invazivnim oblicima liječenja te pomoći u očuvanju fizičkog i psihološkog zdravlja pacijenata.Idiopathic scoliosis is a complex three-dimensinal deformity of the spine that most commonly develops during periods of growth, particularly in puberty. Since its exact cause remains unclear, it is classified as idiopathic, meaning it arises without any known organic or functional origin. This thesis explores the anatomical, clinical, and therapeutic aspects od idiopathic scoliosis, with a special emphasis on the physiotherapeutic approach to its assessment and treatment. The introductory chapters provide a detailed overview of spinal anatomy, aiming to enhance the understanding of biomechnical and structural changes associated with scoliosic. This is followed by a comperhensive definition of idiopathic scoliosis, including its classification, prevalencem etiolohical hypotheses, and the most common clinical manifestations encountered in everyday physiotherapy practice. The core of thesis focuses on the physiotherapeutic assessment of patients, which includes thorough analysis of medical history (anamnesis), postural and symmetry evaluation, precise assessment of spinal curvature, and testing of muscle strenght, balance respiratory function, and overall functional capacity. Pain assessment is also an important component, influencing the selection of therapeutic interventions. Based on the comperhensive assessment, an individualized treatment plan is developed, incorporating various physiotherapeutic techniques. The thesis putlines key interventions such as targeted exercises for strengthening weakened musculature, streching og shortened muscle groups, respiratory exercises aimed at improving ventilation, and the application of physiotherapy. Furthermore, the importance of manual techniques, including spinal mobilization, postural education, the use of otrhopedic aids (braces), and psychological support is emphasized, especially for adolescents, in whom scoliosis may have a significant emotional impact. Discusses conservative management strategies for mild cases of scoliosis, as well as indications for surgical intervention in more severe deformities. The importance of interdisciplinary collaboration among physiotherapists, orthopaedists, psygologists, and other healthcare professionals involved in patient care is also highlighted. In conclusion, this paper confirms that physiotherapy play a vital role in slowing the progression of scoliosis, preserving spinal function, and improvin patients’ quality of life. Early detection and the implementation of individualized therapeutic strategies can significantly reduce the need of invasive treatment options and support both the physical and psyhological well-being of patients
PREVENTIVE PHYSIOTHERAPY IN HEALTH TOURISM
No full textPreventivno usmjerena fizioterapija postaje sve značajniji dio zdravstvenog turizma jer pridonosi očuvanju zdravlja, prevenciji bolesti i poboljšanju kvalitete života. U sklopu turističke ponude provode se individualno prilagođeni programi koji uključuju kineziterapiju, edukaciju, manualne tehnike i metode relaksacije. Takvi sadržaji pomažu u smanjenju rizika od ozljeda, korekciji posture i održavanju funkcionalne sposobnosti. Fizioterapeut ima važnu ulogu ne samo kao terapeut, već i kao edukator i savjetnik, posebno u promicanju zdravih životnih navika. Njegova prisutnost doprinosi kvaliteti usluge i omogućava multidisciplinarni pristup koji integrira zdravstvene i turističke elemente. U radu su prikazani primjeri dobre prakse iz Hrvatske i inozemstva koji pokazuju kako povezivanjem prirodnih resursa i stručnog kadra nastaju učinkoviti programi s naglaskom na prevenciju. Istaknuta je potreba za boljom standardiza cijom, edukacijom kadra te povezivanjem zdravstvenog i turističkog sektora.Preventive physiotherapy is becoming an increasingly important part of health tourism, contributing to health preservation, disease prevention, and improved quality of life. Individually tailored programs within tourist settings include kinesitherapy, education, manual techniques, and relaxation methods. These interventions help reduce injury risks, correct posture, and maintain functional capacity. The physiotherapist plays a key role not only as a therapist but also as an educator and advisor, especially in promoting healthy lifestyle habits. Their involvement enhances service quality and enables a multidisciplinary approach that integrates medical and tourism components. This paper presents examples of good practice from Croatia and abroad, demonstrating how the integration of natural resources and qualified professionals can create effective prevention-focused programs. The need for better service standardization, professional education, and stronger cooperation between the health and tourism sectors is emphasized
THE ROLE OF PHYSIOTHERAPISTS IN GERONTOLOGY
No full textUloga fizioterapeuta u gerontologiji postaje sve važnija u kontekstu sve većeg udjela starijeg
stanovništva u ukupnoj populaciji. Fizioterapeuti provode individualizirane procjene
funkcionalnih sposobnosti starijih osoba te planiraju i provode intervencije usmjerene na
očuvanje pokretljivosti, prevenciju padova i poboljšanje kvalitete života. Njihova uloga
obuhvaća primjenu različitih terapijskih tehnika, edukaciju pacijenata i obitelji te promicanje
aktivnog starenja u zajednici. Kroz primjenu standardiziranih testova i funkcionalnih
mjerenja, fizioterapeuti mogu pratiti napredak pacijenta, prilagoditi terapijski pristup i
prevenirati razvoj invalidnosti i ovisnosti o pomoći druge osobe. Osim u kliničkom radu,
fizioterapeuti sudjeluju i u preventivnim i edukativnim programima u zajednici, čime
doprinose očuvanju funkcionalne neovisnosti starijih osoba i smanjenju pritiska na
zdravstveni sustav.
Fizioterapijska skrb u gerontologiji stoga nije ograničena samo na rehabilitaciju nakon bolesti
ili ozljede, već ima i ključnu ulogu u promociji zdravlja, održavanju tjelesne i psihičke
stabilnosti te podršci procesu dostojanstvenog starenja. Uloga fizioterapeuta u gerijatrijskoj
skrbi postaje neizostavna sastavnica održivog i humanog zdravstvenog sustava.The role of physiotherapists in gerontology is increasingly important given the rising
proportion of the elderly population. Physiotherapists conduct individualized assessments of
functional ability in older adults and implement interventions aimed at maintaining mobility,
preventing falls, and enhancing quality of life. Their role includes the application of various
therapeutic techniques, patient and family education, and the promotion of active aging within
the community. Through standardized tests and functional measurements, physiotherapists
can monitor patient progress, adapt therapeutic approaches, and prevent the development of
disability and dependency. In addition to clinical work, physiotherapists contribute to
preventive and educational programs, supporting functional independence in the elderly and
reducing pressure on the healthcare system.
Thus, physiotherapy in gerontology is not limited to post-illness or post-injury rehabilitation
but plays a vital role in health promotion, maintaining physical and mental stability, and
supporting dignified aging. The physiotherapist’s contribution to geriatric care has become a
key element of a sustainable and humane healthcare model
THE ROLE OF A PHYSIOTHERAPIST IN REHABILITATION AFTER BREAST CANCER SURGERY
No full textNakon operacije tumora dojke, fizioterapeuti imaju ključnu ulogu u pružanju ciljanih rehabilitacijskih postupaka s ciljem postizanja optimalnog oporavka pacijentica. Rehabilitacijski proces započinje detaljnom subjektivnom anamnezom i fizioterapijskom procjenom, na temelju kojih fizioterapeut prilagođava intervencije specifičnim potrebama svake pacijentice. Fokus je na ublažavanju postoperativne boli, poboljšanju pokretljivosti i poticanju cirkulacije. Kroz individualizirane programe terapijskih vježbi i radno-terapijskih aktivnosti, fizioterapeut omogućuje povratak funkcionalnosti i samostalnosti u svakodnevnom životu. Također, pomaže pacijenticama u prevladavanju specifičnih postoperativnih izazova, kao što su ograničenja pokreta ili edema. Osim fizičke, fizioterapeut pruža i emocionalnu podršku, pomažući pacijenticama u suočavanju s izazovima nakon operacije. Edukacija koju provodi obuhvaća važne aspekte samopomoći, prevenciju mogućih komplikacija i poticanje što boljeg oporavka. Kroz redovitu evaluaciju fizioterapeut prilagođava terapijske strategije u skladu s napretkom pacijentice, čime se osigurava učinkovitost rehabilitacijskog procesa. U konačnici, aktivna uloga fizioterapeuta usmjerena je ne samo na fizički oporavak, već i na unaprjeđenje emocionalnog blagostanja i ukupne kvalitete života nakon operacije tumora dojke.After breast tumor surgery, physiotherapists play a key role in providing targeted rehabilitation procedures aimed at achieving optimal patient recovery. The rehabilitation process begins with a detailed subjective history and physiotherapy assessment, based on which the therapist tailors interventions to the specific needs of each patient. The focus is on relieving postoperative pain, improving mobility, and promoting circulation. Through individualized therapeutic exercise programs and occupational therapy activities, the physiotherapist facilitates the return of functionality and independence in daily life. They also assist patients in overcoming specific postoperative challenges, such as movement limitations or edema. In addition to physical care, the physiotherapist provides emotional support, helping patients cope with the challenges following surgery. The education they provide covers important aspects of self-care, the prevention of possible complications, and the promotion of optimal recovery. Through regular evaluation, the physiotherapist adjusts therapeutic strategies according to the patient's progress, ensuring the effectiveness of the rehabilitation process. Ultimately, the active role of the physiotherapist is directed not only toward physical recovery but also toward enhancing emotional well-being and overall quality of life after breast tumor surgery
THE APPLICATION OF ISOKINETIC DYNAMOMETAR IN POSTOPERATIVE REHABILITATION OF THE ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMET
No full textRehabilitacija nakon rekonstrukcije prednje križne sveze (ACL) ključna je za funkcionalni
oporavak i siguran povratak svakodnevnim i sportskim aktivnostima. Ovaj rad analizira
sveobuhvatne fizioterapijske postupke u postoperativnoj rehabilitaciji ACL-a, s naglaskom na
važnost izokinetičke evaluacije mišićne funkcije. U radu su obrađeni anatomija koljena, mehanizmi
ozljede, dijagnostika, kirurški zahvat, fazna rehabilitacija i načini primjene izokinetičkog
dinamometra. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na kvantifikaciju mišićne snage i disbalansa, te njihovu
kliničku primjenu u donošenju odluka o napretku rehabilitacije i povratku sportu. Izokinetika se
ističe kao zlatni standard za objektivnu procjenu, a njezina integracija unutar terapijskih protokola
znatno doprinosi prevenciji reozljede.Rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is essential for full
functional recovery and a safe return to daily and athletic activities. This thesis provides a
comprehensive overview of physiotherapeutic procedures in postoperative ACL rehabilitation,
with a special emphasis on the role of isokinetic muscle function assessment. The paper covers
knee anatomy, injury mechanisms, diagnostics, surgical procedures, phased rehabilitation, and the
application of isokinetic dynamometry. Particular attention is given to quantifying muscle strength
and imbalance and applying those parameters to guide therapy progression and return-to-sport
decisions. Isokinetics stands out as the gold standard for objective assessment and, when integrated
into treatment protocols, significantly contributes to re-injury prevention
PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION IN ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE
No full textAhilova tetiva ima ključnu ulogu u aktivnostima poput skakanja, trčanja i hodanja. Zbog svoje funkcionalne važnosti, često je podložna ozbiljnim ozljedama koje najčešće zahvaćaju fizički aktivne osobe, no može se javiti i kod neaktivnih osoba. Iako je Ahilova tetiva jedna od najčvršćih tetiva u ljudskome tijelu, sklona je rupturama. Najčešće nastaje zbog neizravne sile koja se javlja pri pokretima skoka, doskoka ili naglih promjena smjera, odnosno kada dolazi do neočekivane kretnje stopala prema gore. U tim trenutcima tetiva ne uspijeva izdržati opterećenje, što rezultira rupturom. Manifestira se jakom i oštrom boli u stražnjem dijelu potkoljenice, hod je značajno otežan, a osoba se više ne može osloniti na prednji dio stopala. Tipično mjesto rupture nalazi se oko 2-6 centimetara od samog hvatišta tetive za petnu kost. Liječenje se dijeli na operativno i neoperativno, ovisno o stupnju ozljede i značajnoj razini aktivnosti osobe. Operativno liječenje se najčešće provodi kod profesionalnih sportaša kako bi se omogućio što brži povratak sportu. Fizioterapijska intervencija predstavlja ključni dio procesa oporavka i povratka funkcije u početno stanje. Fizioterapija započinje neposredno nakon ozljede korištenjem PRICE metode - Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation. Cilj ove metode je smanjenje boli, otoka i očuvanje mobilnosti zgloba. U rehabilitaciji je potrebno postaviti konkretne ciljeve kako bi se stvorio pravilan plan oporavka. Potpuna rehabilitacija traje od 6 tjedana do 12 mjeseci, ovisno o stupnju ozljede, individualnom odgovoru na terapiju kao i angažiranost i volja pacijenta. Pravilno izvođenje fizioterapijske intervencije važno je za kvalitetan oporavak i povratak pacijenta svakodnevnim životnim aktivnostima.The Achilles tendon plays a crucial role in activities such as jumping, running, and walking. Due to its functional importance, it is often susceptible to serious injuries that most often affect physically active people, but it can also occur in inactive people. Although the Achilles tendon is one of the strongest tendons in the human body, it is prone to ruptures. It most often occurs due to indirect forces that arise during jumping, landing, or sudden changes in direction, specifically when an unexpected upward movement of the foot happens. At these moments, the tendon fails to withstand the load, resulting in a rupture. It manifests as severe and sharp pain in the back of the lower leg, making walking significantly more difficult, and the person can no longer rely on the front of the foot. The typical location of rupture is approximately 2 to 6 centimeters from the tendon's attachment to the heel bone. Treatment is divided into operative and non-operative categories, depending on the degree of injury and the individual's level of activity. Surgical treatment is the most often performed in professional athletes to enable a faster return to sports. Physiotherapy intervention is a key part of the recovery process and the return of function to its original state. Physiotherapy begins immediately after injury using the PRICE method - Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation, to reduce pain, swelling, and maintain joint mobility. In rehabilitation, it is essential to establish specific goals to create an effective recovery plan. Full rehabilitation typically lasts from 6 weeks to 12 months, depending on the severity of the injury, the individual's response to therapy, and the patient's commitment and motivation. Properly performing physiotherapy interventions is essential for quality recovery and the patient's return to daily life activities
PHYSIOTHERAPY PROCEDURES IN THE REHABILITATION OF JUMPER'S KNEE
No full textSkakačko je koljeno, poznato kao i patelarna tendinopatija, kompleksno stanje koje najčešće
pogađa sportaše i rekreativce čije aktivnosti uključuju učestale skokove, doskoke i eksplozivne
promjene smjera. Ovaj završni rad pruža sveobuhvatan pregled dijagnostike, rehabilitacije i
edukacije pacijenta sa skakačkim koljenom, s naglaskom na suvremene i znanstveno
utemeljene pristupe liječenju. Analizira se uloga biomehaničkih čimbenika rizika, značaj
pravilno strukturiranih trenažnih procesa te važnost kontinuiranog praćenja stanja tetive kroz
funkcionalne testove i subjektivne upitnike. Rehabilitacija ovog stanja temelji se na aktivnom
pristupu koji uključuje izometrijske, ekscentrične i progresivne vježbe opterećenja, a pasivne
metode poput manualnih tehnika ili elektroterapije smatraju se kao potporne tehnike.
Naglašena je važnost edukacije pacijenta o vanjskim i unutarnjim čimbenicima koji doprinose
razvoju ozljede, uključujući neprikladnu obuću, promjene podloge, preopterećenje i loše
planirane treninge. U radu je obrađena i završna faza rehabilitacije s fokusom na napredne
neuromuskularne vježbe, uključujući i propriocepciju, balans, kontrolu pokreta i vježbe
deceleracije s ciljem smanjenja rizika od ponovne ozljede i povećanja funkcionalne spremnosti.
Edukacija se ističe kao ključ za postizanje dugoročnih rezultata jer omogućuje sportašu
razumijevanje vlastitog oporavka i potiče odgovorno ponašanje nakon povratka na sportsku
razinu. Zaključno, uspješno liječenje zahtijeva kombinaciju znanja, pravilne progresije
opterećenja i stalne edukacije pacijenta. Prevencija recidiva mora biti sastavni dio
rehabilitacijskog procesa, a ne samo faza nakon ozljede.Jumper's knee, also known as patellar tendiopathy, is a complex condition that most commonly
affects athletes and recreational individuals involved in activities re quiring frequent jumping,
landing and explosive directional changes. This thesis provides a comprehensive overview of
diagnosis, rehabilitation and patient education related to jumper's knee, with a focus on modern,
evidence-based treatment aproaches. It analyzes the role of biomehanical risk factors, the
importance of properly structured training procesess and the need for continuous tendon
monitoring through functional tests and subjective questionaires. Rehabilitation is based on an
active approach that includes isometric, eccentric and progressive load exercises, while passive
methods such as manual therapy or electrotherapy are considered marely supportive. The paper
highlights the importance of educating patients about external and internal factors contributing
to the injury, including inappropriate footwear, surface changes, overloading and poorly
planned training. The final phase of rehabilitation i salso covered, emphasizing advanced
neuromuscular exercises such as proprioception, balance, movement control and deceleration
training to reduce the risk of reinjury and enhance functional readiness. Education stands out
as a key element in achieving long-term outcomes by helping athletes understand their recovery
and encouraging responsible behavior upon returning to sport. In conclusion, successful
treatment requires a combination of knowledge, proper load progression and continuos patient
education. Relapse prevention must be an integral parto f the rehabilitation process, not just a
phase after injury
Physiotherapy procedures in knee ostearthritis
No full textOsteoartritis je najčešća bolest zglobova, najčešće zahvaća zglob koljena. Bol je prvi simptom
koji se javlja, prilikom izvođenja pokreta u zglobu koljena, što može dovesti do ograničenog
pokretanja. Dijagnostika osteoartritisa provodi se kroz anamnezu, kliničke nalaze i radiološke
snimke. Liječenje osteoartrtisa koljena dijeli se na konzervativno i kirurško liječenje.
Konzervativno liječenje provodi se kod pacijenata sa stupnjevima od 1. do 3. razvijenosti po
Kellgren-Lawrenceu, gdje se farmakološkim i fizikalnim terapijama pokušava smanjiti bol.
Kirurško liječenje se provodi kada postupci konzervativnog liječenja više ne daju pozitivne
rezultate. Rehabilitacija započinje fizioterapijskom procijenom, koja se provodi S.O.A.P.
metodom, nakon subjektivnog i objektivnog pregleda, te analizom dobivenih rezultata, izrađuje
se individualni plan fizioterapije za svakog pacijenta. Fizikalna terapija se sastoji od vježbi za
jačanje mišića, vježbi opsega pokreta i aerobnih vježbi, te od fizioterapijskih procedura gdje se
primjenjuje elektroterapija, ultrazvuk, laser, magnetoterapija, hidroterapija, termoterapija i
balneoterapija. Vrlo važan dio rehabilitacije pacijenata s osteoartritisom koljena je edukacija.
Potrebno je pacijenta informirati o bolesti, mogućim simptomima, liječenju i planu terapija.
Također je važno uključiti i njegovu obitelj i/ili skrbnike, kako bi mu olakšali prilagodbu na
novo nastalu situaciju.Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease, most often affecting the knee joint. Pain is the
first symptom that appears when performing movements in the knee joint, which can lead to
limited movement. Osteoarthritis diagnosis is carried out through anamnesis, clinical findings
and radiological images. Treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee is divided into conservative and
surgical treatment. Conservative treatment is carried out in patients with degrees 1 to 3 of
development according to Kellgren-Lawrence, where pharmacological and physical therapies
are used to reduce pain. Surgical treatment is performed when conservative treatment
procedures no longer give positive results. Rehabilitation begins with a physiotherapy
assessment, which is carried out by S.O.A.P. method, after a subjective and objective
examination and analysis of the obtained results, an individual physiotherapy plan is created
for each patient. Physical therapy consists of muscle strengthening exercises, range of motion
exercises and aerobic exercises, as well as physiotherapy procedures where electrotherapy,
ultrasound, laser, magnetotherapy, hydrotherapy, thermotherapy and balneotherapy are applied.
A very important part of the rehabilitation of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee is education.
It is necessary to inform the patient about the disease, possible symptoms, treatment and therapy
plan. It is also important to involve his family and/or guardians, in order to make it easier for
him to adapt to the new situation