USU-IR Repositori Institusi Universitas Sumatera Utara
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Risk Analysis of Drainage Project Activities in Medan City Using the HIRARC Method
No full textDrainage construction projects in urban areas such as Medan City are highly
complex, as they not only concern occupational safety but also have direct impacts
on the surrounding community and infrastructure. This study aims to identify
potential hazards in the U-Ditch drainage project activities, assess the associated
risks, and formulate mitigation strategies based on the Environmental
Occupational Safety and Health Management System (SMK3L) using the Hazard
Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC) method. Data
collection was carried out through field observations at three project sites: Jl. Ir.
Juanda, Jl. Putri Merak Jingga, and Jl. Sunggal, distribution of questionnaires to
30 respondents consisting of workers and community members, and interviews with
10 drainage construction practitioners. The results of the study identified 22 hazard
variables, with six dominant risks as follows: infrastructure damage (V22) with a
risk value of 11 (16%), road function disruption (V21) with a risk value of 9 (12%),
disruption of underground utilities (V7) with a risk value of 10 (14%), dust exposure
(V17) with a risk value of 7 (10%), landslides due to excavation (V6) with a risk
value of 6 (9%), and environmental pollution (V18) with a risk value of 6 (9%).
Mitigation strategies focused on these six dominant risks through rapid
infrastructure repair, coordination between relevant agencies, implementation of a
traffic management plan, pre-construction surveys, and regular watering of the
work area. The application of the HIRARC method proved effective in providing a
quantitative risk assessment and generating practical mitigation strategies to
enhance workplace safety and minimize the social and environmental impacts of
urban drainage projects.93 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Isolation and Antifungal Activity of Ethanolic and N-Hexane Extracts of Ciplukan (Physalis Angulata L.) against Clinical Fungal Pathogens
No full textCiplukan (Physalis angulata L.) is a medicinal plant that contains secondary metabolites with potential as an alternative to synthetic antibiotics for antifungal therapy. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical composition and antifungal activity of ethanol and n-hexane extracts of Physalis angulata against the growth of clinical pathogenic fungi. Pathogenic fungi were isolated from patient specimens at Prof. Dr. Chairuddin Panusunan Lubis Hospital and subsequently characterized based on their macroscopic morphological features. Dried Physalis angulata plant material was extracted with ethanol and n-hexane, and the antifungal activity of the extracts was evaluated against clinical pathogenic fungi at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% using the disc diffusion method. The isolation of pathogenic fungi from patient samples yielded four fungal species belonging to two genera: Candida and Cryptococcus. Phytochemical screening revealed that both ethanol and n-hexane extracts of Physalis angulata contained alkaloids, steroids/triterpenoids, flavonoids, and glycosides; however, tannins and saponins were detected only in the ethanol extract. The antifungal activity assay demonstrated that the ethanol extract of Physalis angulata exhibited greater inhibitory effects on the growth of clinical pathogenic fungi. Increasing concentrations of both ethanol and n-hexane extracts resulted in larger inhibition zone diameters, with optimal activity at 20%. The ethanol extract produced the largest inhibition zone diameter of 18.17 mm. In contrast, the n-hexane extract showed weak antifungal activity, with a maximum inhibition zone diameter of 6.97 mm at the same concentration. Overall, the ethanol extract of Physalis angulata demonstrated significantly greater antifungal activity than the n-hexane extract. Although the 20% concentration of both extracts exhibited the highest inhibitory effect, their antifungal activity remained lower than that of fluconazole.60 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Analysis of the Microstructure and Functional Characteristics of Compost and Biochar Made from Solid Waste and Their Microorganism Growth
No full textThis study aimed to analyze the microstructure, surface area
functional groups, and microbial activity of compost and biochar derived
from solid palm oil waste. The research was conducted at the Soil Chemistry
and Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera
Utara; the Metal and Non-Metal Materials Engineering Laboratory, Faculty
of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara; and the National Research and
Innovation Agency (BRIN) Laboratory, Serpong, South Tangerang, from
January to June 2025. The experiment employed a non-factorial Completely
Randomized Design (CRD) with biomass type as the treatment factor and
three replications. The treatments consisted of (K0) compost without EM4,
(B0) biochar without EM4, (K1) compost with EM4, and (B1) biochar with
EM4. The observed parameters included pH, morphology of compost and
biochar (SEM), nutrient content (EDX), surface area (BET), functional
groups (FTIR), and total microbial population (CFU/mL). The results showed
that biochar derived from solid palm oil waste exhibited higher pH, denser
surface morphology, greater nutrient content, and larger surface area
compared to compost, while compost exhibited more diverse functional
groups and a higher total microbial population.73 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Dynamics of Conflict Between the Community and Companies in Pulo Padang Village, Rantau Utara Subdistrict, Labuhan Batu Regency
No full textThis study examines the social conflict between the local community and a palm
oil processing company (name disguised) located in Pulo Padang Village, Rantau
Utara District, Labuhanbatu Regency. The conflict arose as a result of palm oil
processing activities that were perceived to cause environmental pollution, along
with a lack of transparency and community involvement during the initial stages
of the factory’s development. This research aims to identify the factors underlying
the emergence of the conflict, to determine the actors involved and their
respective interests, and to understand the social impacts of the conflict on the
surrounding community. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach,
with data collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and
documentation of relevant local events and media sources. The theoretical
foundation of this research is based on Ralf Dahrendorf’s modern conflict theory,
supported by Lewis A. Coser’s perspective, which emphasizes the role of authority
imbalance and the constructive potential of social conflict in reshaping social
order. The findings indicate that the conflict in Pulo Padang stems from unequal
power relations and weak communication between the company, the government,
and the community. Residents who support the company are generally motivated
by economic factors and employment opportunities, while those who oppose it
express concerns over environmental pollution and social disorganization. The
conflict has led to community fragmentation, weakened social cohesion, and
revealed significant information gaps in the development process.167 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Analysis of Clothing Management Habits and Fast Fashion Awareness to Develop a Circular Economy-Based Application
No full textThe development of fast fashion has led to an increase in clothing consumption, which has resulted in more textile waste and pressure on the environment. This problem is exacerbated by low awareness and unsustainable clothing management practices among the public. This study aims to analyse people's clothing management habits, their level of knowledge about fast fashion, and the influence of this knowledge on clothing management practices. In addition, this study also aims to examine the potential for developing an application as a solution for reducing clothing waste based on a circular economy. The research methods used are quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to respondents aged 18–50 years from four cities, namely Jakarta, Bandung, Medan, and Cianjur, as well as in-depth interviews. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and correlation tests to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge about fast fashion and clothing management behaviour. The results showed that the public's clothing management habits still tend to be unsustainable, while the level of knowledge about fast fashion is moderate. There is a positive relationship between the level of knowledge about fast fashion and clothing management behaviour. Based on these results, a circular economy-based application prototype was designed, which is expected to increase awareness, facilitate sustainable clothing management, and contribute to reducing textile waste.406 pagesSkripsi Sarjan
Legal Protection for the Existence of the Pandumaan-Sipituhuta Indigenous Law Community Over the Customary Forest Post the Enforcement of Humbang Hasundutan Local Regulation No 3 of 2019 Concerning the Recognition and Protection of the Pandumaan-Sipituhuta Customary Law Community
No full textThe Pandumaan-Sipituhuta customary law community has historical, cultural, and economic ties to the Tombak Haminjon customary forest, which serves as their living space, source of livelihood, and their social identity. Changes in the legal framework following Constitutional Court Decision No. 35/PUU-X/2012, followed by the enactment of Humbahas Local Regulation No. 3 of 2019 and the customary forest decree, provide a strong basis for the recognition and protection of the customary rights of customary law community. However, the sustainability of legal protection for them still requires attention in order to keep pace with the times. This study aims to determine the legal protection of customary law community over customary forests in legislation, identify the mechanisms for recognizing and establishing customary law community and their customary forests, and examine the forms of legal protection for the Pandumaan–Sipituhuta customary law community before and after the enactment of Local Regulation No. 3 of 2019.
The method used was normative legal research with primary data support through interviews. The analysis was conducted qualitatively through a statute, conceptual, historical, and case approach..
The results of the study show that the legal protection of customary law cummunity over their forests has gained a strong normative basis, starting from the UUD 1945 to sectoral regulations such as the Forestry Law, followed by stages in accordance with ministerial regulations. The case study shows that before the Local Regulation, protection was still partial through the reservation of customary forests; while after the local regulation, recognition became more comprehensive, although there were still issues of inconsistency in the area covered by the 2020 customary forest decree, which was then revised in 2021. After this series of stagesthe customary law community and their rights to customary forests obtained legal protection guarantees, although the optimization of the implementation of the local regulation still needs to be strengthened.139 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Study of L-Asparaginase Production from Local Actinomycetes Isolates in North Sumatra: Selection and Optimization
No full textActinomycetes are Gram-positive filamentous bacteria known for producing a wide range of bioactive compounds, including the enzyme L-asparaginase, which has potential applications in healthcare and industrial biotechnology. This study aims to identify potential actinomycetes from North Sumatra producing L-asparaginase and optimizing the fermentation conditions of actinomycetes that produce the enzyme. Actinomycetes were isolated from Olo Beach, and additional isolates were obtained from the collection of Microbiology Laboratory FMIPA USU originating from Cermin Beach and Lau Kawar Lake. L-asparaginase-producing actinomycetes were screened in M9 liquid medium supplemented with phenol red as a pH indicator, and the enzyme activity was quantitatively determined using the Nesslerization method. Actinomycetes with the highest enzyme activity were selected for the optimization of L-asparaginase production using the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method, with variations in pH, carbon source, nitrogen source, and incubation time. A total of 12 actinomycete isolates were obtained from Olo Beach, all exhibiting characteristics typical of actinomycetes. Qualitative screening of 32 actinomycete isolates from North Sumatra revealed that 24 isolates were capable of producing L-asparaginase, as indicated by a color change in the medium from yellow to pink. Quantitative analysis of the 24 selected isolates showed L-asparaginase activity ranging from 22.913 to 40.688 U/mL, with the highest activity observed in isolate SPO 6. Molecular identification based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed that isolate SPO 6 shared 99.86% similarity with Streptomyces antibioticus. Optimization of fermentation conditions using the OFAT method demonstrated that maximum L-asparaginase production was achieved at pH 8 after 7 days of incubation. Media containing starch as a carbon source and yeast extract as a nitrogen source yielded the highest enzyme activity. These findings indicate that actinomycetes from Olo Beach, particularly S. antibioticus SPO 6, have the potential to serve as L-asparaginase producers for further applications.58 PagesTesis Magiste
Temperature Distribution Simulation in Horticultural Cold Storage using 1 PK Split AC with Ansys Software
No full textThis study aims to analyze the temperature distribution in a horticultural cold storage system that uses a 1 PK split air conditioner as the main cooling source. The simulation was conducted using ANSYS software to model the cold airflow and predict the temperature distribution pattern inside the storage room. The modeling stages included creating the room geometry, setting boundary conditions, and applying thermal parameters that correspond to the operational conditions of the cooling system. This analysis is important because uneven temperature distribution can reduce the quality of horticultural commodities that are sensitive to temperature fluctuations. The simulation results show that the airflow tends to be concentrated in the central area of the room, causing this region to cool faster compared to the corners and lower parts of the storage space. This condition leads to non-uniform temperature distribution, with several zones remaining at higher temperatures due to the airflow not reaching the entire volume of the room effectively. To improve cooling uniformity, design modifications such as adding airflow guides or adjusting the AC unit position are required. These findings indicate that a simple cold storage system using a split AC still needs further optimization to maintain stable temperatures in accordance with horticultural storage standards. This research is expected to serve as a reference for developing efficient small-scale cold storage systems.95 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Study of the Distribution of Domestic Wastewater Contamination from Septic Tanks on Andosol Soil Types
No full textThe current increasing population growth will increase development, especially residential
development. Population growth leads to surface and groundwater pollution due to limited
sanitation and domestic waste management. Households generally use septic tanks to
manage domestic wastewater, but these often do not comply with SNI regulations,
potentially contaminating shallow groundwater. Due to these issues, the authors conducted
a laboratory-scale simulation of septic tank wastewater distribution in andosol soil. This
simulation was conducted using a 100 cm x 100 cm x 40 cm glass box. The purpose of this
study was to determine the spread distance, travel time, and flow rate of septic tank
wastewater horizontally and vertically in a glass box. The spread simulation was carried
out with a test scale between the laboratory and existing conditions of 1:10. The physical
properties of the soil were tested, the concentration of Escherichia coli and Ammonia
(NH3N) contaminant parameters, and the concentration of contaminants based on distance
and time. The number of samples tested was 20 points arranged diagonally. The results of
the soil physical properties test include; soil specific gravity value of 2.6505%, plastic limit
of 10.985%, liquid limit of 36.697%, plastic index of 25.712%, sieve analysis of 17.265%,
water content of 20.42%, and permeability value of 5.966x 10-5 cm/s. The results of the
Escherichia coli concentration test at the closest distance from the source of the spread of
18.3 x 107 (CFU/100 ml) and the furthest distance of 6.2 x 107 (CFU/100 ml) with a
percentage decrease of 66%. The concentration of Ammonia (NH3N) at the closest distance
from the source of the spread of 4.2 (mg/L) and the furthest distance of 1.1 (mg/L) with a
percentage decrease of 74%. The simulation results of the vertical distribution of septic
tank wastewater in a glass box as far as 20 cm requires 236 minutes (3 hours 56 minutes)
with an infiltration rate of 5.56 cm/hour and horizontal distribution in a glass box at a
distance of 80 cm requires a distribution travel time of 505 minutes (8 hours 25 minutes)
with a speed/flow rate of septic tank water distribution of 9.2 x 10-3 Liters/minute.88 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Effectiveness of 2% Red Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Nanoemulgel on the Number of Osteoblast Cells after Tooth Extraction in Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
No full textAfter tooth extraction, a physiological wound healing process occurs, which includes four phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Osteoblasts are one of the cells that play a role in bone formation during the proliferation and remodeling phases of alveolar bone after tooth extraction. Delayed wound healing can lead to complications, so treatment that can accelerate wound healing is needed. A natural ingredient that can be used to accelerate wound healing is red palm oil. Red palm oil has the potential to heal wounds by accelerating wound closure. Research on the effect of red palm oil nanoemulgel on osteoblast numbers in wounds after tooth extraction is still very limited. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of red palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) nanoemulgel on osteoblast cells after tooth extraction in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). This study is a laboratory experimental study using 9 treatment groups observed on days 7, 14, and 28. The results of the study were calculated using residual socket volume (RSV) and mean cell count of osteoblasts. Based on the Kruskal Wallis test, there was a significant difference in the mean RSV between the groups on days 7, 14, and 28 (p<0.05). Based on the One-way ANOVA test, there was a significant difference in the mean osteoblast cell count between the 14th and 28th day groups (p<0.05).109 PagesSkripsi Sarjan