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Association of MSX1 and PAX9 Gene Polymorphisms with Non-Syndromic Hypodontia: a Case–Control Study
No full textHipodonsia adalah kelainan perkembangan gigi yang ditandai dengan tidak terbentuknya satu atau lebih gigi permanen secara kongenital, tidak termasuk molar ketiga. Faktor genetik berperan penting dalam etiologi kondisi ini, khususnya variasi pada gen MSX1 dan PAX9 yang memiliki fungsi utama dalam odontogenesis. Namun, data mengenai hubungan polimorfisme kedua gen tersebut dengan hipodonsia pada populasi Indonesia masih terbatas. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan polimorfisme gen MSX1 dan PAX9 terhadap kejadian hipodonsia non-sindromik. Metode: Penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain case control melibatkan 39 subjek, terdiri dari 13 individu hipodonsia dan 26 kontrol. DNA diekstraksi dari darah vena dan fragmen gen MSX1 serta PAX9 diamplifikasi menggunakan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Analisis polimorfisme dilakukan dengan Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) menggunakan enzim Eco31I untuk MSX1 dan HaeIII untuk PAX9. Analisis genotip menggunakan Fisher’s exact test dan distribusi alel menggunakan uji chi-square, serta perhitungan Odds ratio. Hasil: Semua sampel menunjukkan satu pita 448 bp pada gen MSX1 sebelum dan sesudah pemotongan, menandakan seluruh subjek memiliki genotip wild-type (TT). Tidak terdapat perbedaan distribusi genotip antara kasus dan kontrol. Pada gen PAX9, distribusi genotip kasus adalah GG (38,5%), GA (46,15%), AA (15,38%), sedangkan kontrol GG (19,2%), GA (53,8%), AA (26,9%). Tidak ditemukan perbedaan signifikan distribusi genotip (p = 0,445) maupun alel (p = 0,200). Kesimpulan: Polimorfisme pada kedua gen yang dianalisis tidak terbukti berkontribusi terhadap hipodonsia pada populasi penelitian ini.60 pagesSkripsi Sarjan
Marketing Analysis of Tomatoes in Ndokum Siroga Village, Simpang Empat Subdistrict, Karo Regency
No full textThis study aims to analyze the marketing channels, marketing margins, and marketing efficiency of tomatoes in Desa Ndokum Siroga, Kecamatan Simpang Empat, Kabupaten Karo. The study involved 30 tomato farmers and traders in the marketing chain, including large traders, collectors, and retailers. Two main tomato marketing channels were identified: Channel I (farmers – large traders – retailers – consumers) and Channel II (farmers – large traders – collectors – retailers – consumers). The marketing functions is carried out by each institution varied, with Channel II involving more marketing functions than Channel I. Marketing margin analysis showed that large traders and retailers received totally significant margins, with total marketing margins of IDR 5,367/kg in Channel I and IDR 8,450/kg in Channel II. Marketing efficiency was calculated at 12,49% for Channel I and 15,63% for Channel II, indicating that tomato marketing in Desa Ndokum Siroga is efficient. The shorter marketing channel (Channel I) proved to be more efficient compared to the longer channel. The main challenge in tomato marketing is price fluctuations during peak harvest seasons, causing losses for farmers. Therefore, support from marketing institutions and the development of processed tomato products are urgent to increase added value and price stability111 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Effect of Temperature on the Development of Oil Palm Pollinating Elaeidobius kamerunicus in Laboratory
No full textE. kamerunicus are the main pollinators of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), and
their success is highly influenced by environmental factors, particularly
temperature. This study aimed to examine the effect of temperature variation on the
development of E. kamerunicus and to determine the optimal temperature for its
life cycle. The research was conducted at the Oil Palm Resesarch Institute (IOPRI),
Plant Protection Entomology Laboratory, Unit Marihat, 369 meters above sea level
(masl), using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four temperature
treatments: 21-23°C, 26-28°C, 30-32°C, and 33-35°C. Observed parameters
include daily adult emergence, sex ratio, and morphometry. The results showed that
the 26-28°C temperature range is optimal, producing the highest number of adults,
and the fastest development time and a balanced sex ratio. Temperatures that are
too low or too high decrease developmental success. Environmental temperature
plays a crucial role in the effectiveness of E. kamerunicus as a pollinator, and the
optimal temperature range should be considered in oil palm plantation
management.45 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Detection of the CehA Gene Encoding Carbofuran Hydrolase in Bacillus cereus Strain HS06
No full textThe cehA gene is one of the genes encoding the carbofuran hydrolase (KH) enzyme, which plays a role in the biodegradation of the insecticide carbofuran. This study aimed to detect the presence of the cehA gene in Bacillus cereus strain HS06 as one of the carbofuran-degrading bacteria. Gene detection was carried out using four cehA-specific primers. Three primers (cehA1, cehA2, and cehA3) were designed using Primer3 software based on the complete genomes of three Bacillus cereus strains possessing genes encoding the CehA/McbA metallohydrolase enzyme registered in GenBank, while one primer (cehA4) was obtained from the literature. Primer cehA1 was designed based on the complete genome of B. cereus strain SIN1.2 with a target amplicon size of 506 bp, primer cehA2 based on the complete genome of B. cereus strain D8_B_47 with a target of 877 bp, and primer cehA3 based on the complete genome of B. cereus strain D5_B_69 with a target of 552 bp. Genomic DNA of B. cereus strain HS06 was isolated and amplified using these four primers. The PCR results showed that the obtained amplification bands did not correspond to the target sizes of the cehA gene. The clearest fragment produced by primer cehA2 was subsequently sequenced. BLAST analysis showed that the sequence obtained was not homologous to the cehA gene but exhibited a higher similarity to the genome of Bacillus tropicus strain PCr-6. Phylogenetic analysis using the Neighbor-Joining method indicated that the putative cehA gene of Bacillus cereus strain HS06 did not exhibit close phylogenetic relatedness to all reference sequences, as evidenced by its position on a separate branch with a relatively long branch length and an evolutionary distance of approximately 0.20, indicating a high level of nucleotide divergence and its incongruence with the reference cehA genes. Based on the PCR results, sequence analysis, and phylogenetic analysis, it can be concluded that the cehA gene was not detected in Bacillus cereus strain HS06.46 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF HORTICULTURAL COLD STORAGE USING A 1 PK SPLIT AIR CONDITIONER
No full textThis study aims to analyze the performance of a horticultural cold storage
system using a 1 PK split air conditioner (AC) as a more economical cooling
alternative. The experiment was conducted at the Refrigeration Engineering
Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara,
using 5 kg of kangkung (water spinach) as the cooling load. The tests were carried out
under two conditions, namely without cooling load and with cooling load, while the
storage temperature was maintained within a range of 5–7 °C. The analyzed
parameters included compressor work, evaporator cooling capacity, electrical power
consumption, and coefficient of performance (COP). The cooling system used R32
refrigerant. The results show that the cold storage system using a 1 PK split AC was
able to achieve suitable storage temperatures for horticultural products and exhibited
satisfactory system performance. Therefore, the use of a 1 PK split AC is considered
feasible as an alternative cooling system for small- and medium-scale cold storage
applications.102 pagesSkripsi Sarjan
Isolation and Sequencing of a cDNA Fragment of the pi-ta Gene for Blast Disease Resistance in Sigudang Rice (Oryza sativa L.) from North Sumatra
No full textBlast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae is one of the main threats to rice
production in Indonesia. Several local rice varieties in North Sumatra, including the
Sigudang cultivar, showed resistant to blast disease. The resistant is caused by the
presence of resistance genes. One important of the gene is pi-ta, which plays a role in
recognising the Avr-Pita gene in Pyricularia oryzae to produce NBS-LRR protein as
a trigger for resistance. This study aimed to isolate and to sequence a cDNA fragment
of the pi-ta gene in Sigudang rice. Total RNA was successfully isolated and used as a
template for a cDNA synthesis. A cDNA fragments of the pi-ta gene were isolated and
amplified, then sequenced. The edited sequencing results obtained a size of 639. The
results of the analysis based on the sequence similarity of the pi-ta gene fragment of
Sigudang rice with the cultivar Katy rice (GQ918480.1) using BLASTn showed an
identity percentage of 100%. The results of phylogenetic analysis of the pi-ta gene
fragment of Sigudang rice with 5 other rice varieties available in GenBank
(GQ918487.1, GQ918447.1, GQ918406.1, GQ918452.1, GQ918480.1) have 0 genetic
distance indicating a conserved region. The pi-ta gene fragment of Sigudang rice has
been registered in GenBank with accession number PX442560.1.66 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Potential of Endophytic Yeasts Isolated from Pineapple Fruit (Ananas comosus) Flesh as a Producer of Indole Acetic Acid and Phosphat Solubilize
No full textThis study aims to obtain endophytic yeasts isolated from pineapple (Ananas
comosus) fruit flesh and to evaluate their potential for indole acetic acid (IAA)
production and phosphate solubilization. The yeasts were isolated using a dilution
method on malt extract agar medium and characterized morphologically. The
production of IAA by each yeast isolate was observed qualitatively using Salkowski
reagent and the potential of the hormone as a plant growth was examined on root of
Coleus sp. Phosphate solubilization was determined based on the formation of a clear
zone surrounding yeast colonies on Pikovskaya’s medium. The result found six yeast
isolates were observed with varying colony characteristics, both morphologically and
microscopically. The yeast with the highest IAA production was found on isolate
YEAC-03 with a concentration of 0.627 mg/L. Indole acetic acid produced by all yeast
isolates have significant effect root length and no effect on roots number. Yeast isolate
YEAC-06, produce IAA 0.320 mg/L capable of producing longer roots than the others.
Yeast isolate YEAC-06 (3.05) was the highest phosphate solubilization index followed
by isolate YEAC-05 (3.00). The ability of endophytic yeast to produce IAA and to
dissolve phosphate indicate their potential to be used as a root stimulant and
biofertilizer for plants growth.56 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Isolation and Selection of L-Asparaginase–Producing Microorganisms from Tempeh
No full textTempeh is a soybean-based fermented product rich in amino acids and
beneficial microorganisms, including L-asparaginase–producing species. The aim
of this study was to obtain L-asparaginase-producing bacteria and fungi from
tempeh. Tempeh in two different types of packaging was obtained from tempeh
industry in Medan Tuntungan. Bacteria and fungi were isolated from the tempeh
and subsequently characterized macroscopically and microscopically. The ability
of the isolates to produce L-asparaginase was assessed qualitatively on M9 medium
by observing the color change to pink, and quantitatively by determining enzyme
activity and specific activity values. The most promising bacterial isolate with the
highest L-asparaginase activity was identified molecularly using 16S rRNA
primers, while fungal isolates were identified morphologically using standard
identification book. A total of 24 microbial isolates were obtained from the tempeh
samples, consisting of 7 bacterial isolates, 10 lactic acid bacterial (LAB), and 7
fungal. The bacterial and fungal isolates displayed variation in both colony
morphology and microscopic characteristics. Qualitative screening yielded 6
bacterial isolates and 4 fungal isolates with potential L-asparaginase activity,
whereas none of the LAB isolates showed enzyme production. The highest Lasparaginase
activity among bacterial isolates was recorded for isolate TDN 04,
with a specific activity of 338,448U/mg in value, and the highest fungal activity was
recorded for isolate JTP3, with a specific activity of 445,75 U/mg in value .
Molecular identification showed that isolate TDN 04 shared 99.53% similarity with
Klebsiella aerogenes, while fungal isolate JTP3 exhibited morphological
characteristics consistent with the genus Aspergillus. Klebsiella aerogenes isolate
TDN 04 and Aspergillus sp. isolate JTP3 are therefore the bacterial and fungal
isolates from tempeh with the highest L-asparaginase activity, demonstrating
potential in converting asparagine into aspartic acid and ammonia.67 PagesTesis Magiste
Strategic Model for Enhancing Msmes to Increase Their Contribution to GDRP and Regional Development in Kisaran Barat District Asahan Regency
No full textThis research develops a strategic model to strengthen MSMEs’ contributions to
GRDP and territorial development in Kisaran Barat, centered on the local potential
of Sepatu Bunut (heritage footwear). A mixed-methods design was used: a survey
of 120 MSME owners, in-depth interviews, and integration of SWOT–IFAS/EFAS
with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to rank priorities. Instrument quality is
strong (KMO=0.912; Cronbach’s Alpha=0.948). The findings indicate that
existing MSME conditions, product competitiveness, and strategic factors (finance
access, digital literacy, marketing, and institutional support) positively and
significantly affect MSME contributions. These contributions are reflected not only
in economic outcomes (value added) but also in local employment absorption,
increased formalization of businesses, and a more even spatial distribution of
economic activities. SWOT analysis positions MSMEs in Kisaran Barat in an
aggressive (Quadrant I) posture, while AHP ranks five core strategies:
revitalization, development of cross-sector MSME clusters, integration with
tourism and the creative economy; “MSMEs Go Digital” program and thematic
financing schemes through KUR and local institutions. The study delivers action
lines, a RACI governance matrix, and measurable KPIs (awareness, GMV, cost
efficiency, NPL) with a roadmap targeting MSME-driven GRDP uplift: +12% (year
1), +18% (year 2), and +25% (year 4). The principal contribution is an operational
model grounded in local potential that connects prioritized strategies with
execution and monitoring mechanisms, enabling replication in regions with similar
characteristics168 PagesTesis Magiste
Observation of Genetic Parameters of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] F5 Generation Resulting from Crossbreeding of 3 Parents
No full textKedelai [Glycine max (L.) Merr] adalah salah satu tanaman pangan yang paling penting dalam penyediaan sumber pangan dan sebagai sumber kebutuhan gizi bagi manusia, setelah tanaman padi ataupun jagung. Permasalahan yang terjadi di Indonesia adalah semakin rendahnya produksi kedelai dalam negeri sehingga masih mengandalkan kedelai impor. Perakitan varietas baru dapat diperoleh dari introduksi, mutasi, persilangan serta transformasi genetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai duga keragaman genetik generasi F5 hasil persilangan 3 tetua. Pengamatan parameter genetik dilakukan dilahan yang berlokasi di Jalan Pasar 1 No. 296, Tj. Sari, Kota Medan. Metode yang digunakan yaitu rancangan augmented design dan dilanjutkan dengan uji least significant increase (LSI). Perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu 22 genotipe yang terdiri dari 19 nomor terseleksi berdasarkan kriteria umur berbunga dan bobot biji dan 3 varietas tetua (Anjasmoro, Grobogan, dan Dega 1). Parameter yang diamati terdiri dari tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang primer, umur berbunga, umur panen, jumlah polong, jumlah polong berisi, jumlah biji, bobot biji, dan bobot 100 biji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakter pada generasi F5 berdasarkan nilai heritabilitas yang tinggi yaitu terdapat pada semua karakter yang diamati. Karakter yang terpilih pada generasi F5 berdasarkan banyaknya jumlah gen yaitu pada semua karakter kecuali pada karakter umur berbunga yang dikendalikan oleh sedikit gen. Hasil analisis berdasarkan uji least significant increase (LSI) didapatkan 27 nomor tanaman terpilih dari 570 tanaman yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan tiga varietas pembandingnya.76 PagesSkripsi Sarjan