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The Influence of Social Capital and Innovation Capability on MSME Performance through Competitive Advantage among Female Entrepreneurs in Deli Serdang Regency
No full textIndonesia, with a population of 273.5 million, faces the challenge of unemployment, which reached 9.77 million in 2020, contributing to poverty and crime rates. Entrepreneurship, Particularly MSMEs managed by women, serves as a potential solution for creating jobs and boosting economic growth. In Deli Serdang Regency, female entrepreneurs dominate the MSME sector, accounting for 1,470 out of 2,540 units in 2024. Despite their role in reducing unemployment, the decline in economic growth rates indicates that the performance of MSMEs led by female entrepreneurs in Deli Serdang Regency has not yet reached its full potential. This study highlights the importance of developing entrepreneurial skills to accelerate economic growth and reduce poverty. The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of social capital and innovation capability on MSME performance through competitive advantage. This study focuses on female entrepreneurs in Deli Serdang Regency, with a sample of 155 respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and path analysis with the Smart PLS application. The results show that social capital has a direct positive and significant effect on MSME performance, innovation capability positively and significantly influences MSME performance, and competitive advantage positively and significantly affects MSME performance. Furthermore, social capital positively and significantly influences competitive advantage, and innovation capability also positively and significantly affects competitive advantage. Indirectly, social capital positively and significantly influences MSME performance through competitive advantage, and innovation capability positively and significantly affects MSME performance through competitive advantage.204 PagesTesis Magiste
the Effect Of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non Performing Financing (NPF), Financing To Deposit Ratio (FDR), And Operational Cost To Operating Income (BOPO) On Profitability (ROA) Of Islamic Banking In Indonesia (2016-2023)
No full textThis study aims to analyze and examine the effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio
(CAR), Non-Performing Financing (NPF), Operational Cost to Operating Income
(BOPO) on Profitability, measured by Return on Assets (ROA), in Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia from 2016 to 2023. Additionally, this study seeks to determine whether there are differences in CAR, NPF, FDR, BOPO, and ROA values in Islamic Commercial Banks before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Therefore, the research period is divided into pre-pandemic (2016-2019) and post-pandemic (2020-2023) periods. This research adopts a quantitative approach. The sample consists of 9 Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia, resulting in a total of 72 observations. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS 27. The analysis methods employed include Multiple Linear Regression Analysis and Paired Sample t-Test for hypothesis testing. The results of hypothesis testing indicate that, partially, CAR has a positive and significant effect on ROA, NPF has a negative and significant effect on ROA, while FDR and BOPO do not significantly affect ROA in Islamic Commercial Banks. The difference test results show that there are significant differences in CAR, NPF, and ROA before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas FDR and BOPO did not experience significant changes in Islamic Commercial Banks during the same period.133 pageTesis Magiste
Comparative Experimental Study of The Effectiveness of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger with Single Baffle and Double Baffle Variations
No full textEnergy has an important strategic position in the national economy. As the global population grows and welfare improves, the demand for energy is increasing, resulting in demand exceeding supply. Heat exchangers are one of the indispensable equipment in energy and power systems, which are widely used in various industrial fields. Among the types of heat exchangers, the most commonly used is the Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger (STHX), due to its low maintenance cost and robust structure. Therefore, optimizing or developing heat transfer technology, using heat exchangers, is an important concern that is beneficial for improving efficiency in the heat exchange process. In this research, the author tries to conduct a comparative experiment on the effectiveness of STHX by varying the baffle or baffle plate on STHX. The types of baffles that will be varied in this study are single segmental baffles and double segmental baffles. Based on the results of experimental analysis in this study, it is found that the effectiveness of shell and tube heat exchanger using single baffle at a distance of 15 cm, has the highest average effectiveness of 0.8 (80%), compared to shell and tube heat exchanger using double baffle with the same distance, where the average effectiveness is 0.58 (58%). The total heat transfer coefficient (U) of shell and tube heat exchanger using single baffle is 744.94, and shell and tube heat exchanger using double baffle has a heat transfer coefficient of 417.719. The type of baffle shell and tube heat exchanger that has the highest level of effectiveness at a distance of 15cm, based on the results of the analysis in this study, is a single baffle where the actual heat transfer rate (q) is 114415.96, effectiveness of 0.8 (80%), NTU of 0. 116 and a heat transfer coefficient of 744.94 W/m2.K, compared to a shell and tube heat exchanger using a double baffle which has an actual heat transfer rate (q) of 83003.156, an effectiveness of 0.58 (58%), an NTU of 0.057 and a heat transfer coefficient of 417.719 W/m2.K.87 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Optimization of the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Pickup and Delivery (CVRPPD) using A Metaheuristic Approach Considering Weather and Traffic Congestion
No full textThis study aims to develop and evaluate the Adaptive Heuristic-Based Ant Colony Optimization (AHB-ACO) algorithm as a dynamic optimization solution in the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Pickup and Delivery (CVRPPD). The AHB-ACO algorithm was developed in response to changes in external variables, such as traffic congestion and weather conditions, which often affect the travel time and distance of logistics routes in big cities. AHB-ACO is designed to generate more adaptive and efficient routes by taking into account penalties based on traffic and weather conditions. Through a series of computer-based simulations, this study compares the performance of AHB-ACO with the traditional ACO algorithm, and finds that AHB-ACO is able to reduce travel distance and time significantly. The results show that AHB-ACO is superior in avoiding routes that are predicted to experience congestion or bad weather, and is able to provide more flexible and efficient solutions. Thus, this study contributes to the development of adaptive optimization algorithms, opening up opportunities for application in logistics systems that require real-time route adjustments. The implementation of this algorithm is expected to improve operational efficiency in the dynamic logistics sector.212 PagesDisertasi Dokto
Preliminary Design of Vinyl Acetate Monomer Manufacturing Plant from Acetic Acid, Ethylene, and Oxygen via Oxyethylation Process and the Incorporation of CO2 Absorption/Stripping Process with Production Capacity of 32,500 Tonnes/Year
No full textThe proposed preliminary design of vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) manufacturing plant from acetic acid, ethylene, and oxygen encompasses a production capacity of 32,500 tons/year with operational across 330 working days. The requisite raw materials for achieving the designated annual production volume include 3,968.899 kg/h of acetic acid, 5,562.261 kg/h of ethylene, and 888.221 kg/h of oxygen. The manufacturing process is stratified into three stages: raw materials preparation, catalytic reaction, and downstream purification. During the preparation phase, a gaseous mixture of ethylene, acetic acid, and oxygen is propelled through a compressor to elevate the pressure to 10 atm and conditioned at 150 °C prior to reactor feeding. The reaction stage occurs via an oxyethylation reaction within a multitube fixed bed reactor with maintained at 150 °C, 10 atm, and a precise residence time of 1.8 seconds. The catalytic system comprises 5,399.389 kg of palladium-gold catalysts in which systematically distributed across 115 reactor tubes. The purification stage implements an absorption process using K2CO3 47% solution to absorb carbon dioxide before being subsequently stored at 32 °C. The main product of VAM undergoes distillation at 1.6 atm and 108 °C and subsequently cooled to 40 °C. Furthermore, the refined VAM with a purity of 99.9% is stored in product storage tanks. The plant location is proposed strategically in Cilegon City, Banten Province, Indonesia. More specifically, the plant will occupy the G4 sector of Krakatau Industrial Estate I in PT Krakatau Industri Estate Cilegon (KIEC), with a planned land allocation of 27,760 m2. The enterprise’s organizational framework is proposed as a limited liability company (PT) with hierarchical line and staff administrative system. The workforce is projected at 195 personnel. The economic evaluation of the VAM manufacturing facility includes total capital investment approximately Rp2,216,742,808,044, total cost of Rp2,723,682,959,393, projected annual sales at Rp3,411,349,300,514, and profit after tax of Rp531,015,948,614, as well as key financial metrics of a profit margin (PM) of 15.566%, break even point (BEP) at 44.578%, return on investment (ROI) of 23.955%, return on network (RON) at 40.328%, pay out time (POT) of 4 years and 2 months, and an internal rate of return (IRR) of 23.189%. Therefore, the comprehensive analysis substantiates the feasibility of establishing this VAM manufacturing plant.607 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Analysis of Expressive Speech Acts in the Movie "The Parades" by Michihito Fujii
No full textThe research focuses on expressive speech acts found in the film "The Parades" by Michihito Fujii. The purpose of this research is to identify various forms of expressive speech acts, such as praising, complaining, thanking, apologizing, and congratulating, analyzed based on the context of conversations between characters in the film "The Parades" and to describe the function of each form of expressive speech act in the film. The theory used in this research is the theory of expressive speech act forms proposed by John Searle and the theory of expressive speech act functions pioneered by George Yule. The method used in this research is a qualitative method by analyzing data and describing data. The data collection technique used is library technique, and the method used is observation and note- taking. The results of this research show that the forms of expressive speech acts contained in the film "The Parades" by Michihito Fujii include praising (appearance and talent), complaining (dislike, annoyance, disappointment), thanking (for kindness), apologizing (for mistakes and failures), and congratulating (hopes and prayers). The functions of expressive speech acts include the function of hatred (dislike of behavior), liking (appreciation of appearance), difficulty (despair and regret), pleasure (gratitude and happiness), and joy (expression of frustration). Overall, the Forms of Expressive Speech Acts and Functions in the film "The Parades" by Michihito Fujii appear in interactions between character figures in the film and play an important role in conveying emotions.88 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Analysis of Personal Hygiene Behavior and Health Complaints Among Garbage Officers at Hariarapintu Garbage Landfill in 2024
No full textThe Hariarapintu Final Disposal Site (TPA) is a landfill located in Harian District, Samosir Regency. Waste collection workers at this site are at risk of experiencing health complaints due to prolonged direct contact with waste. Based on a preliminary survey, out of 10 waste workers, 60% reported health complaints such as itching, skin redness, and diarrhea. This study aims to analyze personal
hygiene behavior and health complaints among waste workers at TPA Hariarapintu.This research employs a descriptive method, with a total sampling technique involving 33 waste workers. The results indicate that the majority of workers fall within the age ranges of 21–30 years and 31–40 years, each comprising 12 workers (36.4%). Most workers have completed high school education (31 workers, 93.9%), and the majority are male (29 workers, 87.9%).
The highest number of workers have been employed for less than one year, and all workers have a daily work duration of 8 hours and 30 minutes.The findings reveal that most workers have a low level of knowledge (17 workers, 51.5%), while all workers demonstrate a positive attitude (33 workers, 100%), and most exhibit moderate hygiene practices (23 workers, 69.7%). The majority of waste workers have poor personal hygiene (19 workers, 57.6%), while the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is generally at a moderate level (21 workers, 63.6%). A total of 24 workers (72.7%) reported experiencing health complaints, with the most common issues being itching, skin redness, and diarrhea.It is recommended that waste workers consistently maintain personal hygiene, relevant authorities provide educational programs, and future researchers include additional variables and a larger sample size for more comprehensive results.135 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Analysis of the Effect of Yeast Concentration on Physicochemical Properties, Bacterial Growth and Enzyme Activity in Ecoenzyme Materials Orange Peel
No full textEcoenzyme is a product derived from the processing of organic waste, molasses, and water. Molasses, often referred to as sugarcane syrup, is a byproduct of repeated sugar crystallization processes that can no longer be processed into sugar. According to Retnaningtyas (2017), every ton of sugarcane has the potential to produce about 56.7 kg of molasses waste. To produce a good-quality ekoenzim product, a long fermentation process is required, lasting up to 90 days or 3 months. Therefore, new innovations are needed to accelerate the fermentation reaction process of ekoenzim, one of which is by adding yeast to the ecoenzyme solution. This study aims to analyze the effect of yeast concentration on the physicochemical properties, bacterial growth, and enzyme activity in ekoenzim produced from orange peels. The method used includes varying yeast concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3, 4%) in the fermentation process of orange peels for 40 days. Physicochemical properties such as pH, aroma, and color were measured. Bacterial growth was analyzed by counting the colony numbers on agar media. Enzyme activity was measured using titrimetric methods for lipase enzyme activity and spectrophotometry to determine amylase enzyme activity. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis to test the hypothesis and determine the significance of differences between groups. The results of this study showed that variations in yeast concentration and fermentation time had an effect on the physicochemical properties, bacterial growth, protease and lipase enzyme activity, while there was no effect on amylase enzyme activity in the ecoenzyme.85 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Comparative Study of Performance and Economic Analysis Of Floating Solar Panels With Thermosyphon Cooling and Without Cooling Against Conventional Solar Panels
No full textSolar energy is a renewable energy source with great potential. However,
land constraints hinder the implementation of conventional PV, so floating PV was
developed as a solution. In floating PV, the PV structure is attached to the floater,
limiting heat release, so a discharge and cooling chamber is needed underneath.
This structure generally requires high investment. This study aims to analyze the
effect of discharge space and cooling on solar panels (PV) on their power and
efficiency to obtain the optimal performance of three types of PV: cooled, floating,
and conventional, and analyze their economics. The experimental results show that
the cooled PV produces 11.5% higher power than the floating PV and 15.3% higher
than the conventional PV, with 4,98% higher efficiency than the floating PV and
6,77% higher than the conventional PV. The techno-economic analysis shows that
the Cost of Energy (COE) and Discounted Paybak Period (DPP) values of PV are
Rp 609.59, Rp 446.0, Rp 471.75 per kWh/year and 22.3 years, 24.7 years and (>25
years) respectively.113 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Prediction of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Values in Aquascape Using The Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Method
No full textDissolved Oxygen (DO) is a essential parameter in the aquascape ecosystem that affects the health of aquatic biota. Changes in dissolved oxygen levels are influenced by various factors such as pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), temperature, and historical dissolved oxygen data. Measuring dissolved oxygen levels using sensors and manual methods has limitations in analyzing long-term trends and anticipating changes proactively. Therefore, this study aims to develop a model to predict dissolved oxygen levels by implementing the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) algorithm, which has been proven reliable in handling time-series data. The dataset used in this research was collected from the Harvest aquascape store, where data was recorded over approximately two months with a sampling interval of every 10 minutes. The LSTM model was trained using data that had undergone a pre-processing phase and was evaluated using the Mean Squared Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), R-Squared (R^2), and Accuracy metrics. The results show that the LSTM model can predict DO levels with a high degree of accuracy. The evaluation results show that the model achieved an MSE of 0.4929, MAE of 0.4647, MAPE of 0.0239, RMSE of 0.7021, R^2 of 0.9690, and an accuracy of 97.61%. This research demonstrates that the model can serve as a useful tool for aquascape practitioners in monitoring and managing DO levels more effectively, thereby maintaining the balance of the aquascape ecosystem.79 PagesSkripsi Sarjan