USU-IR Repositori Institusi Universitas Sumatera Utara
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Strategy to Increase Revenue of Kisaran Banana Business (Case Study: Sand Banana Trading Business, West Kisaran District, Asahan Regency, North Sumatra)
No full textOne of the horticultural fruit products with potential for sustainable development is the banana. One of the banana-based processed products is pisang pasir. In West Kisaran District, Asahan Regency, the pisang pasir trading business is operated by UMKM under the brand name Pisang Pasir Kisaran, which is also located in the same district. One such business in West Kisaran is named Pisang Pasir Kisaran.
The objective of this study is to analyze the income level of the Pisang Pasir Kisaran business, to identify its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) to develop strategies to increase business income, and to determine an applicable strategy for enhancing the income of Pisang Pasir Kisaran.
The method used in this research involves IFAS and EFAS matrix analysis as well as SWOT analysis to formulate development strategies for the pisang pasir business.Based on the identification of external and internal factors, the appropriate strategy is an Aggressive Strategy (Growth-Oriented Strategy). Recommended strategies include leveraging the traders' experience, improving the quality of business actors through government-supported MSME programs if available, expanding the production scale of pisang pasir and other banana-based products, and optimizing marketing networks and government support.82 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Relationship between Canopy Density and Infiltration Rate in the Arboretum of the University of North Sumatra 2 Bekala Campus
No full textThe level of canopy density affects the infiltration rate in the Arboretum of
the University of North Sumatra 2 Bekala Campus. Infiltration plays an important
role in maintaining the availability of groundwater and the sustainability of the
hydrological cycle. This study uses a purposive sampling method at four levels of
canopy density, namely very dense, dense, medium, and very low. The infiltration
measurement process was carried out using a double ring infiltrometer, then
analyzed using the Horton and Kostiakov model approach. The results of the
analysis showed that the area with medium canopy density produced the highest
average infiltration rate, which was 3.15 cm/hour, while the very dense canopy
showed the lowest value, which was 0.95 cm/hour. Based on validation tests using
the RMSE and NSE methods, the Horton model proved to be more accurate in
describing the infiltration rate than the Kostiakov model. In addition, factors such
as soil texture, water content, organic matter content, and soil mass density also
affect the soil's ability to absorb water. From this study, it was concluded that the
level of canopy density has a significant impact on the infiltration process, and
balanced canopy management plays an important role in supporting the soil's ability
to absorb water optimally.53 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Comparison of Sevoflurane and Propofol Administration on Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Spinal Surgery Using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
No full textBackground: Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD) is a complication that may occur after general anesthesia, especially in patients undergoing major surgeries such as spinal surgery. Propofol and sevoflurane are two commonly used anesthetic agents; however, their effects on postoperative cognitive function remain a topic of debate.
Objective: This study aims to investigate the differences between sevoflurane and propofol administration in relation to postoperative cognitive dysfunction following spinal surgery using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).
Methods: This study employed a comparative design, with patient samples selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients undergoing spinal surgery were divided into two groups: one receiving propofol anesthesia and the other receiving sevoflurane. MMSE scores were evaluated before surgery and at various postoperative intervals. The collected data were statistically analyzed to determine significant differences between the two groups.
Results: The study results indicated a significant difference in MMSE score changes between the propofol and sevoflurane groups. On the seventh postoperative day, the incidence of POCD was higher in the sevoflurane group (60%) compared to the propofol group (10%). Additionally, hemodynamic parameters showed minor differences between the groups, with relatively stable mean blood pressure and heart rate throughout the procedure.
Conclusion: Sevoflurane has a greater impact on postoperative cognitive decline compared to propofol. Therefore, the choice of anesthetic agent should consider the risk of POCD, particularly in patients with cognitive risk factors.137 PagesTesis Magiste
The Representation of Japanese Wa (和) in the Anime Tonari no Totoro by Hayao Miyazaki
No full textThis study aims to examine the representation of Wa (和), the principle of harmony in Japanese culture according to Shinto beliefs, in the anime Tonari no Totoro by Hayao Miyazaki. The research is grounded in the importance of harmony between humans, nature, and spiritual beings (kami) in Shinto cosmology and how this harmony is reflected in visual fiction works. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a literary sociology approach and Stuart Hall’s theory of representation. The data were analyzed through the identification of intrinsic elements (theme, characters, setting, message) and symbolic scenes in the film that illustrate the relationship between humans, nature, and spirits. The findings show that Wa is represented through the warmth of the Kusakabe family’s relationships, the children’s interactions with Totoro and other spiritual beings, and the symbolism of sacred spaces such as forests, shrines, and the camphor tree. The central theme highlights the importance of harmony between humans, nature, and spiritual beings (kami). The setting is rural Japan, enriched with spiritual elements such as forests, shrines, and sacred trees (shinboku). The characters are portrayed as having sincere and open hearts to ward the presence of spiritual beings. The message conveyed is the importance of maintaining balance in life between fellow humans, nature, and the spiritual world. In the Shinto perspective, Wa is seen as the relationship between humans, nature, and spirits; as a foundation for social and family life; and as Musubi—a spiritual bond and transformative energy.76 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Millennial Farmers: Young Generation's Career Choices as Orange Farmers in Purba District, Simalungun Regency
No full textThis study aims to understand the reasons and factors influencing the decision of
young people in Purba District, Simalungun Regency, to choose a career as orange
farmers. This phenomenon is interesting because it contrasts with the national trend
that shows a low interest among youth in the agricultural sector. In the local
context, however, jeruk siam madu (sweet Siam oranges) farming has become a
promising career choice for some youth. This study uses a qualitative approach
with a descriptive method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews,
observation, and documentation involving 20 main informants who are young
orange farmers, and 2 additional informants consisting of community leaders and
village officials. The findings show that the decision of young people to become
orange farmers is influenced by several main factors: rational considerations
regarding economic benefits such as relatively stable income, competitive orange
prices, and broad market opportunities; social capital in the form of family support,
farmer networks, and inherited farming traditions; and the influence of local
culture that sees farming as part of community identity and pride. The younger
generation shows adaptive capacity in facing challenges such as limited capital,
rising fertilizer prices, and climate change by applying modern cultivation
techniques and cost-efficient production strategies. These findings indicate that
farmer regeneration in the region is not due to compulsion, but rather a conscious
choice based on economic motivation, social support, and long-term strategies for
achieving independence. This study recommends the importance of government
policies that support young farmers through training, subsidies, and market access
so that the agricultural sector remains sustainable. Based on the theory of the
rational peasant by Samuel Popkin (1986), the decision of young people to become
orange farmers is a logical consideration based on the evaluation of gains and
losses. As youth, they view this profession as capable of providing economic
stability, broad market opportunities, and control over their time and labor in a
self-reliant and sustainable manner.157 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Relationship Between Muscle Mass and Fat-Free Mass With Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease at Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital
No full textBackground: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic and progressive lung disease characterized by airflow limitation, chronic cough, and an increased risk of mortality in affected individuals. The abnormal musculoskeletal condition of COPD patients is associated with increased inflammatory activity, leading to significant impairment. This inflammatory condition is associated with progressive muscle mass loss among the COPD population. Furthermore, several studies have found that muscle mass reduction is linked to worse outcomes in COPD patients.
Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between muscle mass and fat-free mass with the clinical outcomes of stable COPD patients, as assessed by Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV₁), mMRC classification, and exacerbation history.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Pulmonary Outpatient Clinic of the Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, Medan, Indonesia. The sampling technique used was consecutive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were stable COPD patients diagnosed through spirometry and confirmed via medical records from the Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital. Patients with significant restrictive or obstructive abnormalities and those who had undergone thoracic-cardiovascular surgical procedures were excluded from this study.
Results: This study involved 67 participants diagnosed with stable COPD. Bivariate and multivariate analyses of several independent variables (age, gender, body mass index/BMI, muscle mass, and fat-free mass index/FFMI) with clinical outcome variables, such as GOLD and mMRC classification, did not find any significant relationship (p-value <0.05). However, exacerbation history was identified as an intermediary variable in this study. Exacerbation was significantly associated with age over 60 years (p-value 0.038), GOLD classification (p-value 0.000), and mMRC classification (p-value 0.000) in bivariate analysis. Further multivariate analysis found that decreased muscle mass, increased mMRC classification, and GOLD classification increased the risk of exacerbation, with Adjusted Odd Ratios of 0.137, 21.407, and 5.451, respectively.
Conclusion: Muscle mass reduction is significantly associated with mMRC classification and exacerbation events. Therefore, interventions aimed at increasing muscle mass are beneficial in improving patient outcomes.87 pagesTesis Magiste
The Legal Status Of Marriages Performed In The Karo Tradition (Sahken Tua-Tua) (Studying Of Three Districts In Karo Regency)
No full textIn Karo traditional communities in several sub-districts in Karo district, it turns out
that there are still those who carry out marriages only according to Karo traditional law
(Sahken Tua-Tua) without registering the marriage. This is motivated by the Karo
community's assumption that if a customary marriage has been carried out, the marriage is
considered valid because Tukur (wedding gold) has been handed over and has been delivered
to the person entitled to receive it. In addition, some Karo people still consider traditional
marriage to be more powerful and stronger than other laws governing marriage. The number
of marriages conducted in the research area in the last 5 (five) years (2017-2022) is around
115 (one hundred and fifteen) couples, both legal and traditional marriages. Of the total
number of marriages, around 27 couples (14.2%) still perform marriages only according to
Karo tradition, which is legalized by the traditional marriage law holder (Sahken Tua-Tua).
The type of research used in this writing is empirical juridical or sociological legal
research, namely by looking at the reality of a law in society, which will find out the form of
legal arrangements regarding the Legal Status of Marriages Performed in Karo Tradition
(Sahken Tua Tua) Study of the Karo Community in Three Districts of Karo Regency, namely:
Juhar District, Tiga Binanga District and Lau Baleng District. The nature of this research is
prescriptive, namely research that aims to obtain suggestions regarding what should be done
to overcome certain problems. The types of data in this analysis include primary data and
secondary data. Primary data in this research is by conducting interviews with several sources
including: Traditional Leaders, Village Heads, Population and Civil Registration Office of
Karo Regency, Kabanjahe District Court, perpetrators of Karo traditional marriage (Sahken
Tua-Tua). secondary data in the form of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials
and tertiary legal materials.
Problems which occur in Karo Customary Marriages (Sahken Tua-Tua) include
constraints on the rights of the community in terms of the issuance of KTP (Identity Card),
KK (Family Card), Birth Certificates and other documents related to population from the
Population and Civil Registration Office of Karo Regency. Factors causing some Karo people
in Karo District not to perform legal marriages include: religious differences, education,
pregnancy outside of marriage and economic factors.
Karo marriages (Sahken Tua-Tua) should be legalized by law because the
Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD 1945) Article 18B provides that the state
respects and recognizes traditional law and the rights of indigenous peoples. It is appropriate
for the Karo indigenous people to get their rights as citizens.373 PagesDisertasi Dokto
The Role Of The Task Force For The Eradication of Illegal Financial Activities (Satgas PASTI) In Efforts To Eradicate Illegal Investment with Ponzi Schemes (Case Study PT XFA AI)
No full textThis research aims to find out how the implementation of PASTI task force's role in eradicating illegal investment with Ponzi scheme. The problems discussed in this thesis are related to the legal rules governing illegal investments with Ponzi schemes, the authority of the PASTI task force in efforts to eradicate illegal investments, and the implementation of the role of the PASTI task force in eradicating illegal investments with Ponzi schemes with a case study of PT XFA AI.
The research method used is normative juridical research through literature study to obtain secondary data, such as primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials related to the problem. The data collection uses the literature study collection method. The results of the research are presented descriptively with the aim of obtaining an explanation of the problems discussed. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that there are no explicit rules prohibiting illegal investment in Ponzi schemes. Then the lack of public literacy towards investment becomes an obstacle for the PASTI Task Force in eradicating illegal investments, especially Ponzi schemes. In the case of PT XFA AI, the PASTI Task Force blocked the legal entity of PT XFA AI, blocked applications, websites and social media related to PT XFA AI and collaborated with law enforcement officials and other related institutions to carry out law enforcement efforts.117 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Chinese Ethnic Groups Reflect on Society's Stereotypes of Themselves in South Tanjungbalai District
No full textThe Chinese ethnic group in Indonesia often faces various stereotypes that
develop in society, both positive and negative, which can influence their identity
and social interactions. The stereotype of the Chinese community regarding
employment in Indonesia is often viewed as synonymous with business. The same
can be found in the community of Tanjungbalai, where the Chinese ethnic group
is commonly seen as having business ventures. This research aims to understand
the perceptions and experiences of the Chinese ethnic group in responding to
these stereotypes, as well as how they internalize or reject them in their daily
lives. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data
were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The
results show that the Chinese ethnic group in South Tanjungbalai has diverse
understandings of the stereotypes attached to them. Some informants demonstrate
internalization of positive stereotypes (e.g., being good at trading, resilient) and
use them as motivation. However, negative stereotypes (e.g., being closed off,
stingy) often lead to feelings of discomfort, discrimination, and prompt efforts to
resist or reject them through various strategies, such as cultural adaptation,
increased social interaction, and identity affirmation. Reflections on these
stereotypes also influence how the Chinese ethnic group builds relationships with
other ethnic groups and participates in community life in South Tanjungbalai.
This study concludes that stereotypes have a significant impact on the formation
of identity and behavior of the Chinese ethnic group, as well as demonstrating the
complex dynamics in their efforts to confront and reflect on societal views of
themselves.129 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Competitiveness Analysis of Indonesian Ginger Exports to Major Export Destination Countries
No full textMITHA MADONA SIRAIT Competitiveness Analysis of Indonesian Ginger Exports to Major Export Destination Countries (Under the guidance of Prof. Dr. Ir. Tavi Supriana, MS as Supervisor and Ir. Mozart Bahauddin Darus, M.Sc. As an Examiner Lecturer).
Ginger (Zingiber Officinal) is one of the most popular biopharmaceutical plants from Indonesia. The demand for Indonesian ginger exports has a trend that tends to increase throughout the year due to the diversity of ginger benefits that can be used as active ingredients for health and beauty, aromatherapy and also consumed as food and beverage ingredients. The volume and value of Indonesian ginger exports to the global market showed the highest value in 2023 with an export volume of 36,858 tons and an export value of 28,400,201 US$. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian ginger exports to major export destination countries. The analysis method used in this research is Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA). The RCA method is used to measure the level of competitiveness of Indonesian ginger exports in the international market. Export Competitivenes Index (ECI) to see the trend of competitiveness over time. Market Share Analysis (MS) to measure the contribution of Indonesian ginger exports to total imports in destination countries. The data used in this study are secondary time series data from 2013-2023. The results showed that the RCA value in the Bangladesh and Pakistan markets had strong competitiveness, while in Malaysia and India the competitiveness was relatively weak or fluctuating. The consistently high ECI value in Pakistan indicates that the competitiveness of Indonesian ginger exports is quite strong in the country. Market share of Indonesian ginger shows that in Bangladesh market is strong, Pakistan is quite strong, while Malaysia and India markets show weak market share.91 PagesSkripsi Sarjan