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Determination of Total Phenol, Flavonoid and Antioxidant Cards of Etanol and Polyphenol Rich Extracts of Pegagan Herb (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.)
No full textthe acquisition of a level of active substance compounds, one of which is the variation of the extraction method used.
Objective: This study aims to compare the levels of total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of Gotu Kola herb extracts produced through conventional maceration method and polyphenol-rich extraction method.
Method: The research was conducted experimentally including sample preparation, making Gotu Kola herb extract, characterization of simplisia, phytochemical screening, determination of total phenol content using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent with gallic acid standard, determination of total flavonoids using AlCl3 reagent with quercetin standard. Determination of antioxidant activity using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazil) method with quercetin as a comparator, then measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer.
Results: The highest phenol content was obtained in the polyphenol-rich extract which was 109.2609 ± 0.2131 mg GAE/g sample and the lowest in the ethanol extract which was 68.5510 ± 0.8647 mg GAE/g sample. The highest flavonoid content in the polyphenol-rich extract was 88.6928 ± 1.0110 mg QE/g sample and the lowest in the ethanol extract was 56.4924 ± 1.3717 mg QE/g sample. The antioxidant activity of polyphenol-rich extract had the best IC50 value of 53.3779±0.0273 μg/ml and ethanol extract had IC50 of 63.8465±0.0273 μg/ml.
Conclusion: The results showed that there were differences in the levels of total phenols, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts and polyphenol-rich extracts of Gotu Kola herbs.140 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Nursing Care Management for Postoperative Patients with Pain Discomfort Using Guided Imagery Technique in the Mahoni-Meranti Ward, Teaching Hospital of Prof. Dr. Chairuddin Panusunan Lubis, Universitas Sumatera Utara
No full textSurgery is an invasive medical procedure performed to treat or diagnose a disease. This procedure causes tissue trauma, which leads to postoperative pain. Postoperative pain not only affects patients physically, but also influences their psychological condition, such as anxiety, sleep disturbances, and a decline in quality of life. Pain management becomes a primary focus in nursing practice, and one non-pharmacological approach to reduce pain is the guided imagery technique. This senior practicum aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of guided imagery in reducing pain levels in postoperative patients. The nursing care implementation method involved guided imagery sessions conducted over two days, each lasting 15 minutes. This technique was applied to four postoperative patients in the Mahoni-Meranti Ward of Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Hospital, Medan, during the period of May 10–21, 2025. The results showed a reduction in pain scale among all patients after the intervention, along with improved physical and emotional comfort. This therapy proved effective as a supportive intervention for reducing postoperative pain. Guided imagery can be applied as part of holistic nursing care and is recommended as an independent nursing intervention in postoperative pain management in inpatient wards.75 PagesKarya Tulis Profes
Structure, Composition, and Damage Level of Mangrove Forest in Pasar Rawa Village (Case Study of Penghijauan Maju Bersama Forest Farmer Group)
No full textStructure, composition, and damage level of forests serve as fundamental bases for
policymaking and enriching management strategies aimed at the conservation of
mangrove forests. Pasar Rawa Village in Langkat Regency represents a region with
significant potential for mangrove forest management, characterized by an
annually increasing mangrove area. The presence of the Penghijauan Maju
Bersama Forest Farmer Group, a local community institution committed to
mangrove conservation, exemplifies community-driven management efforts. This
study aims to examine the structure, composition, and damage level of the
mangrove forest in Pasar Rawa Village, focusing on the area managed by the
Penghijauan Maju Bersama Forest Farmer Group. Utilizing vegetation analysis
methods, the research identified mangrove species including Rhizophora
apiculata, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia alba, and Scyphiphora hydrophylacea.
Among these, Rhizophora apiculata dominated all vegetation strata, exhibiting the
highest Importance Value Index (IVI) of 195.09% at the tree stratum. The horizontal
structure of the study site displayed an inverted "J" distribution pattern, whereas
the vertical structure indicated vegetation presence only within strata C, D, and E.
Assessment of mangrove forest damage revealed a classification of "Very Dense"
with a total density value of 1,508 individuals per hectare. This research provides
fundamental information to support sustainable mangrove forest conservation and
management efforts.62 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Formulation of Effervescent Tablets of Ethanol Extract of Kemuning Leaves (Murraya paniculata L.): Evaluation and Antioxidant Effectiveness Test by DPPH Method
No full textBackground: Kemuning leaves (Murraya paniculata L.) contain flavonoids
compounds that have activity as antioxidants. Formulation of ethanol extract of
kemuning leaves in the form of effervescent tablets can maximize the potential of
traditional medicine, with the practical advantage of being easy to consume because
it dissolves quickly in water so as to increase the absorption of drugs by the body.
Objective: To formulate the ethanol extract of kemuning leaves in the form of
effervescent tablets, prove whether the effervescent tablet preparation meets the
evaluation requirements, and determine the effect of variations in the concentration
of kemuning leaf extract on the effectiveness of antioxidants using the DPPH
method.
Method: Extraction of kemuning leaves was carried out by maceration method
using 70% ethanol solvent, then phytochemical screening and characterization of
simplisia and ethanol extract of kemuning leaves were carried out. Furthermore,
antioxidant activity testing of ethanol extract of kemuning leaves was carried out
using the DPPH silencing method by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Effervescent
tablets were formulated using wet granulation method with variations in extract
concentrations of 50 mg (F1); 100 mg (F2); and 150 mg (F3). The effervescent
tablets obtained were tested for physical quality evaluation including weight
uniformity test, size uniformity test, friability test, hardness test, dissolution time
test and pH test. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of effervescent tablets was
tested using the DPPH inhibition method by UV-Vis spectrophotometry.
Results: Ethanol extract of kemuning leaves has antioxidant activity with a very
strong category, with an IC50 value of 26,75 µg/mL. All effervescent tablet formulas
met the quality requirements with an average weight of 2,98-2,99 mg; thickness
between 0,719-0,72 cm and diameter between 1,97-1,98 cm; friability between
0.53%-0.65%; hardness between 5,62-6,14 kg; dissolving time between 119-153,66
seconds and pH between 6,05-6,27. Antioxidant activity of effervescent tablets of
ethanol extract of kemuning leaves with IC50 values of 138,4 µg/mL (F1); 96,64
µg/mL (F2); 76,14 µg/mL (F3).
Conclusion: Ethanol extract of kemuning leaves has antioxidant activity with a
very strong category and can be formulated into effervescent tablet preparations that
meet quality evaluation requirements. Effervescent tablets of kemuning leaf extract
have moderate to strong antioxidant activity with 150 mg kemuning leaf extract
formula (F3) as the most optimal formula.199 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Monitoring Temperature and Gas Flow Rate in Crude Oil Distillation Using IoT-Based Proportional Integral Derivative Control Method Using Flutter
No full textPurification of plastic waste crude oil by distillation process is carried out to produce purer oil products. This research aims to utilise technological advances in producing an Internet of Things (IoT) based monitoring system on crude oil distillation equipment, so that monitoring of the operational conditions of the distillation process can be done remotely in real-time through the flutter platform installed on a smartphone. This monitoring system uses several supporting components such as NodeMCU ESP32 as the main controller and WiFi module, MAX6675 Thermocouple sensor to measure temperature changes in the reactor tube, and servo motor to regulate gas flow in the combustion stove. Crude oil of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) plastic type is heated in the reactor tube using a heat source from a gas burner. Heating the crude oil causes a change in temperature in the reactor tube which will be detected by the MAX6675 Thermocouple temperature sensor. The input from the temperature sensor will be read by the NodeMCU ESP32 then process the data into outputs displayed on the LCD display and also on the flutter platform. From this research, the process of monitoring temperature changes through a smartphone on the flutter platform has been carried out. With this IoT-based monitoring system, it can help monitor temperature changes more effectively and efficiently during crude oil distillation work.60 PagesKertas Karya Diplom
Economic Feasibility Analysis Scenario For Utilization Of Public Space (Case Study: Kebun Bunga Stadium in Medan)
No full textThe Kebun Bunga Stadium is one of the public spaces provided by the Government of Medan City. Over time, there has been a decline in performance including facilities that are obsolete and limited sports infrastructure due to lack of maintenance. So that with these conditions, the Kebun Bunga Stadium is revitalized as a form of effort to meet training infrastructure for athletes in order to realize the capital of Sumatra Province as a city of athletes. To support that the kebun bunga stadium continues to be used (sustainable facility), a scenario economic feasibility analysis is carried out using the parameters Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and analysis of tariff feasibility with the parameters Ability To Pay (ATP), and Willingness To Pay (WTP). From the results of the study it is known that in the three scenarios namely pessimistic, moderate and optimistic scenarios, it is obtained that the optimistic scenario shows economic feasibility is achieved with an NPV value (discounted rate: 6%) of Rp. 69,245,510,382.65 BCR value of 11.06 and IRR value of 10.15%. At the analysis of tariff feasibility found an imbalance between the rental rate on the ability (ATP) and willingness (WTP) to pay the community, especially for soccer facilities. The ideal tariff recommendation is obtained from the average ATP and WTP, and it is recommended that there be tariff adjustments, promotions, special subsidies, and empowerment of UMKM to improve the sustainability of the facility. This research is expected to be a reference for managers and the government in establishing sustainable and inclusive stadium management policies.125 PagesTesis Magiste
Internship Report: Professional Pharmacist Practice In The Pharmaceutical Industry At The Army Health Center Pharmaceutical Institute, Gudang Utara Street 26, Bandung
No full textBackground : The pharmaceutical industry is a strategic sector in public health development, with the responsibility to provide medicines that are safe, effective, and of high quality in accordance with government standards. Pharmacists play a vital role in this sector, covering various aspects such as raw material procurement, formulation, production, quality control, storage, distribution, and the development of new pharmaceutical products. To ensure the competence of future pharmacists, practical experience through the Professional Pharmacist Practice (PKPA) program is essential as a bridge between academic theory and real-world-practice.
Objective : The PKPA program aims to provide pharmacy students with a comprehensive understanding of the roles, functions, and responsibilities of pharmacists in the pharmaceutical industry. Furthermore, it seeks to enable students to directly observe and apply the principles of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), thereby internalizing standards of quality, safety, and efficiency across all pharmaceutical production processes.
Summary : The PKPA was conducted from March 3 to April 25, 2025, at the Army Health Center Pharmaceutical Institute, a GMP-certified facility. Participants were involved in various activities, including raw material procurement, pharmaceutical production processes, implementation of quality control and quality assurance, storage and warehouse management, product distribution, and evaluation of compliance with pharmaceutical regulations. In addition, students were given opportunities to observe innovations and strategies aimed at enhancing product quality. Through direct involvement, participants gained practical insights into pharmaceutical industry management systems and the challenges of maintaining consistent product quality.
Conclusion : The PKPA program successfully provided pharmacy students with practical knowledge that complemented theoretical learning, while also improving technical skills and professional competence. The program broadened students’ understanding of pharmaceutical industry standards, fostered professionalism, and prepared them to contribute to the advancement and sustainability of the national pharmaceutical industry in the future.130 PagesKarya Tulis Profes
The Power Relations of Football Coaches (A Study on the Anime Blue Lock and the Transformation of Teamwork)
No full textAnime is a form of popular literature that not only represents social realities but
also functions as part of the capitalist mechanism within football. In this research,
the author seeks to further examine the discourse of “egoism” as an ideological
construction in the anime Blue Lock, through the practice of power relations by
the football coach that displace the value of teamwork. According to Foucault,
power is not repressive but productive and capable of shaping subjects. Power is
closely related to knowledge and discourse. This research is a qualitative study
that aims to understand phenomena or events based on existing facts or evidence,
while maintaining data adequacy. The method used is Critical Discourse Analysis
(CDA) based on Norman Fairclough’s model, which consists of three dimensions:
the textual dimension, the discursive practice dimension, and the sociocultural
practice dimension. Data collection techniques include observation,
documentation, and literature study. The results of this study show that the coach
Ego’s exercise of power in the anime Blue Lock is a form of power represented
within a social group. The coach’s power relations over the Blue Lock strikers
include power over thought, power over the body, and resistance to power. This
power is exercised by the coach through the construction of the discourse of
"egoism" as the main value in a competitive system, shifting the collective nature
of football into a sport oriented toward individualism by shaping the strikers’
ways of thinking and acting. The coach here is not merely a technical instructor in
football training, but also an actor constructing a new ideology. Power over
thought is realized through manipulation, domination, and control over the
players’ thinking. Meanwhile, power over the body occurs through control over
both the individual body and the social body. Resistance to the coach’s power
emerges through the strikers’ responses, either in direct statements or through
actions.181 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Influence of SPayLater on Consumptive Behavior (Study on D-3 Finance Students, Faculty of Vocational Studies, University of North Sumatra)
No full textIn the rapidly developing digital era, various financial technology innovations are
present to facilitate transaction activities, one of which is the Shopee PayLater
(SPayLater) service. This study was conducted to examine how the use of SPayLater
affects the consumer behavior of students, especially in the D-3 Finance Study
Program, Faculty of Vocational Studies, University of North Sumatra. This study
uses a quantitative approach and the instruments used are questionnaires with a
Likert scale, and data analysis is carried out through a simple linear regression
test. The results of the study show that there is a positive and significant influence
between the use of SPayLater and student consumer behavior. This means that the
more often students use SPayLater, the higher their tendency to make purchases
that are not always based on urgent needs. This finding strengthens the assumption
that easy access and instant installment offers can be the main triggers for
consumer behavior among students.95 PagesKertas Karya Diplom
Self-Forgiveness in Divorced Christian Women
No full textDivorce often triggers negative emotions such as shame, guilt, and regret—especially among Christian women, as it conflicts with their faith values. These negative emotions can affect psychological well-being, making self-forgiveness essential. According to Enright (1995), self-forgiveness is an individual's willingness to release negative emotions and foster self-love through four dynamic phases: uncovering, decision, work, and deepening. This study aims to understand the process of self-forgiveness in Christian women who have experienced divorce using a qualitative approach with interviews involving three participants. The results show that two participants were able to release negative emotions, while one participant remained stuck in them. All three experienced the uncovering phase, marked by guilt and regret. Participants 1 and 3 proceeded to the decision phase, choosing not to remain trapped in regret. During the work phase, they stopped excessive self-blame and engaged in religious activities such as Sunday services and prayer fellowships. They reached the deepening phase, marked by acceptance of divorce as part of their life journey. In contrast, participant 2 remained in the uncovering phase, unable to forgive herself for violating her Christian beliefs, and had not yet entered the decision, work, or deepening phases.126 PagesSkripsi Sarjan