USU-IR Repositori Institusi Universitas Sumatera Utara
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The Potential of a Combination Toothpaste of Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) and Betel Leaf (Piper betle) on Gingival Index and Plaque Index in Wistar Rat Gingivitis Model
No full textDental plaque accumulation on uncleaned tooth surfaces can lead to periodontal
disease. Gingivitis is a periodontal condition caused by plaque accumulation that
triggers an inflammatory response in the gingiva. Although mechanical plaque control
can prevent periodontal disease, inadequate cleaning may result in gingivitis.
Therefore, chemical plaque control using toothpaste containing antibacterial and anti
inflammatory agents is applied to enhance plaque control effectiveness. Andaliman
fruit (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) and betel leaf (Piper betle) are natural
ingredients with potential antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. This study
aimed to evaluate the effect of combination toothpaste with ratios of 75:25, 50:50, and
25:75 on the reduction of Gingival Index (GI) and Plaque Index (PI) in gingivitis
induced Wistar rats, as well as to determine the correlation between both indices. This
in vivo experimental study involved 20 Wistar rats divided into five groups. Data were
analyzed using Paired T-test, One-Way ANOVA, and Post Hoc LSD test. The results
showed a significant reduction in GI and PI (p < 0.05) in all treatment groups compared
to the negative control. The 50:50 ratio showed the most significant reduction in
gingival index (p = 0.004), while the 75:25 ratio showed the most significant reduction
in plaque index (p = 0.003). A strong positive correlation was found between gingival
index and plaque index (r = 0.671). In conclusion, combination toothpaste of andaliman
fruit and betel leaf significantly reduced gingival and plaque indices. The 50:50 is
effective in reducing the gingival index, whereas the 75:25 ratio is effective in reducing
the plaque index.101 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Relationship of Social Media Exposure and Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Consumption among Students of 2022 Class Public Health Faculty of Universitas Sumatera Utara
No full textSugar-sweetened beverages are beverages with added sweeteners. Beverages such
as tea, coffee, juice, soda, and other beverages containing added sweeteners are
considered sugar-sweetened beverages. One group that frequently consumes sugar sweetened beverages is students. Consumption of sugary beverages among students
is influenced by various factors, one of which is social media exposure. This study
aimed to analyze the relationship between social media exposure and the frequency
of sugary beverage consumption among class of 2022 students of the Faculty of
Public Health, Universitas Sumatera Utara. This study used a quantitative
approach with a correlational research method. The sampling technique used was
purposive sampling, which randomly selected members of the population who met
the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample size was 62. The instruments used
in this study were a social media exposure questionnaire and a FFQ to measure the
frequency of sugary beverage consumption. The results of the study showed that 47
respondents classified exposure to positive SSBs content on social media as more
influential with a percentage of 75,8 percent, while 15 respondents classified
exposure to negative SSBs content on social media as more influential with a
percentage of 24,2 percent. The frequency of SSBs consumption in 45 respondents
was rarely with a percentage of 72,6 percent, while 17 respondents often with a
percentage of 27,4 percent. The relationship between these two variables was tested
using a chi-square test, yielding a p-value of 0,018, indicating a relationship
between social media exposure and the frequency of sugary drink consumption
among students in the 2022 Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sumatera Utara.91 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Implementation of Investigators' Authority in Handling Motorcycle Theft Cases (A Study at Medan Baru Police Sector)
No full textMotorcycle theft is one of the crimes against property that has shown an increasing number of cases within the jurisdiction of the Medan Baru Police Sector during the 2022–2024 period. This condition demands the effectiveness of police investigators’ authority in handling criminal offenses in accordance with applicable legal provisions. This study aims to analyze the regulation of police investigators’ authority, its implementation in handling motorcycle theft cases, as well as the obstacles encountered and undertaken by investigators in carrying out their duties. The research employs a normative-empirical legal research method, utilizing both secondary and primary data, which are analyzed qualitatively. The regulation of investigators’ authority refers to Law Number 8 of 1981, Law Number 2 of 2002, Regulation of the Chief of the Indonesian National Police Number 6 of 2019, and Regulation of the Indonesian National Police Number 8 of 2021. The results indicate that, in general, investigators have exercised their authority in accordance with the prevailing laws and regulations. Case handling is predominantly conducted through formal legal procedures, as most cases do not meet the requirements for the application of restorative justice. Data on Crime Total and Crime Clearance demonstrate an increase in the number of cases accompanied by the investigators’ capacity to resolve reported offenses. However, investigators continue to face obstacles arising from both internal and external factors. The obstacles include improving coordination, optimizing facilities and infrastructure, and enhancing the implementation of investigative mechanisms.149 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Growth and Nutrient Content of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) as Influenced by Organic Materials and Micronutrient Fertilizers
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of organic fertilizers (Tithonia
diversifolia compost, chicken manure, rice husk biochar, humic acid, and fulvic
acid) and micronutrients (B, Cu, and Zn) on the growth and nutrient content of
Arabica coffee plants under unproductive conditions in North Tapanuli Regency. A
factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was applied with 24
treatment combinations and 3 replications, resulting in 72 experimental units. The
observed parameters included vegetative growth (plant stem diameter and leaf area)
and soil micronutrient levels (B, Cu, and Zn). The results showed that soil
amendments significantly affected stem diameter at 3-5 months after application
(MAP), with rice husk biochar and humic acid providing the greatest improvement.
Cu application was the most effective micronutrient, increasing stem diameter by
30.23% at 4 MAP compared to the control. Furthermore, Tithonia diversifolia
compost significantly increased soil Cu and Zn levels, while rice husk biochar
enhanced B content. The interaction of rice husk biochar and boron micronutrient
fertilizer produced the most favorable synergistic effect, resulting in the highest soil
boron concentration and improved soil fertility conditions, which positively
influenced the vegetative growth of Arabica coffee.76 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Implementation of the Internet of Things in Automatic Plastic Bottle Sorting Trash Cans with Mass to Rupiah Exchange Rate Calculation Based on Load Sensors
No full textThe problem caused by plastic waste is increasingly urgent due to the difficulty of the decomposition process. To find a solution to this issue, this research creates an automatic tool that can separate plastic bottles, with the ability to calculate the exchange rate based on weight using a weight sensor. The system is built using an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller and is designed to detect and process the weight of 330 ml and 600 ml plastic bottles.When the bottle is inserted into the device, the weight sensor will measure its mass, and the microcontroller will transform the data into the value of money in rupiah. The servo motor will then move the bottle to the proper disposal location, while the weight and monetary value are displayed directly on a 20x4 LCD screen. Results from the pilot test showed that the system functioned as planned, with accuracy in detecting weight reaching an average of 98%. This tool not only contributes to increased efficiency in the recycling process, but also provides an economic incentive to its users, while raising public awareness about the importance of plastic waste management. The use of this tool is very suitable for campus environments and public places as a means of education and plastic waste reduction. The results of the study show that the exchange rate for bottles is divided by the price per kilogram by 1000. The exchange rate for bottles is around Rp 3,700 per kilogram.57 pagesKertas Karya Diplom
Analysis of a State Attorney's Role in the Execution of Fine in the Violation of Law on Business Competition in Indonesia (A Study on the Ruling of KPPU (Supervisory Committee of Business Competition No. 10/KPPU-1/2015)
No full textExecution of fine for the violation of law on business competition with administrative sanction imposed by KPPU (Supervisory Committee of Business Competition) upon business people who violate Law No. 5/1999 is not adequately optimal; it is known by the MOU (Memorandum of Understanding) between KPPU and the Indonesian Attorney as the law enforcement. Coordination is carried out in order to ask the Indonesian Attorney to execute fine which has been difficult to do by KPPU.
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The research uses normative method, supported by empirical data by studying the applicable regulations and the reality which exists in society. The data are analyzed by using descriptive analytic approach.
Law No. 5/1999 does not clearly regulate the implementation of executing fine so that KPPU does it only persuasively. Consequently, the performance of KPPU in carrying out the execution is not optimal. MOU between KPPU and the Indonesian Attorney about coordination in accomplishing their task and function becomes the reason for KPPU to ask legal aid concerning execution of fine on illegal offense in business competition since the suspected has not paid the fine according to Article 30, paragraph 2 of Law No. 11/2021 on the Amendment of Law No. 16/2004 on Attorney, and Article 13, paragraph 2 of PP No. 44/2021 on the Implementation of Prohibition to Practice Monopoly and Unhealthy Business Competition. Since the MOU was signed, there has been the increase in the accomplishment of fine collection. One of the successful attempts made by KPPU in its fine collection is by coordinating with the Attorney in the Ruling No. 10/KPPU-1/2015 on Allegedly Violating Article 11 and Article 19, point e of Law No. 5/1999 on Prohibition to Practice Monopoly and Unhealthy Business Competition in Imported Buffalo Trade in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi (JABODETABEK).139 PagesTesis Magiste
The Effect of Drying Temperature on Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Prepupae Maggot on Feed Quality
No full textThe scarcity and fluctuating prices of conventional feed have led to the
search for sustainable alternative protein sources for livestock. Black Soldier Fly
(BSF) maggots (Hermetia illucens) have emerged as a potential candidate. This
study aimed to evaluate the effect of different drying temperatures on the nutritional
content of BSF maggots cultured on broiler chicken manure.This experimental
study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three drying temperature
treatments (P1: 60°C, P2: 70°C, and P3: 80°C), each replicated 5 times for 24 hours.
The parameters measured included crude protein content, moisture content, ash
content, crude fiber, and crude fat.The results showed that drying temperature
significantly affected the nutritional content of the maggots. Increasing the drying
temperature reduced the moisture content (from 11.24% at 60°C to 2.34% at 80°C)
but substantially increased the crude fat content (from 22.35% at 60°C to 38.07%
at 80°C). In contrast, the crude protein content tended to decrease with the increase
in temperature (from 34.73% at 60°C to 29.65% at 80°C). In conclusion, the best
drying temperature for producing high-quality maggot meal is 60°C, as this
temperature yielded the highest protein content and optimal moisture level.52 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Effect of Ratio Taro Flour with Carrot Flour as a Substitute for Wheat Flour and the Addition of Coconut Pulp Flour on the Quality of Steamed Brownies
No full textThis research was aimed to determine the effect of the ratio of taro flour to carrot flour and the addition of coconut pulp flour on the physical, chemical and organoleptic quality characteristics used as raw materials for steamed brownies. The method used in this study was the factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with two factors, namely, the ratio of taro flour to carrot flour (E): (90%: 10%, 80%: 20%, 70%: 30%, 60%: 40%) and the addition of coconut pulp flour (B): (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%). The parameters tested were water content, ash content, fat content, crude fiber, protein content, carbohydrates, beta carotene, specific volume and organoleptics including color, aroma, taste, texture, and general acceptance.
The outputs of the study found that the ratio of taro flour with carrot flour gave a highly significant effect (P0.05) on the parameters of the split test and yield of specific volume parameters, organoleptic texture and organoleptic general acceptance. The addition of coconut pulp flour gave a highly significant effect (P0.05) on the parameters of beta carotene and specific volume. The interaction of taro flour comparison with carrot flour and the addition of coconut dregs flour gave a highly significant effect (P0.05) on the parameters of water content, fat content, carbohydrate content, beta carotene, specific volume, texture organoleptic and general acceptance organoleptic. E4B3 treatment was obtained as the best treatment through the De Garmo method with a formulation of 60% taro flour with 40% carrot flour, and 4% coconut dregs flour.131 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Criminal Liability of Limited Liability Companies Engaged in Hazardous Waste In and Toxic Waste (B3) Management for Workplace Accidents Resulting in Death
No full textWork accidents resulting in death in the hazardous and toxic waste (B3)
industry sector reflect systemic failures in the implementation of Occupational
Safety and Health (OSH). This research analyzes corporate criminal liability in
work accident cases at PT Prasada Pamunah Limbah Industri (PT PPLI) through
Decision Number 856/Pid.B/2023/PN Pbr. The research problems include: (1) how
work accidents causing death constitute corporate criminal offenses, (2) how
criminal provisions regulate corporate criminal liability for work accidents in
Indonesia, and (3) how corporations are punished in work accident cases resulting
in death.
This research employs a normative legal method with statutory, case, and
conceptual approaches. Data are sourced from primary and secondary legal
materials analyzed qualitatively using deductive reasoning.
The findings indicate that work accidents can be categorized as criminal offenses
if there are elements of negligence (culpa) or intent (dolus) in OSH implementation.
Corporate liability is based on theories of strict liability, vicarious liability,
identification, and combined theories. Although the National Criminal Code (Law
No. 1/2023) and Supreme Court Regulation No. 13/2016 recognize corporations as
criminal law subjects, law enforcement practices still focus on individual liability.
Decision Number 856/Pid.B/2023/PN Pbr reveals a gap between theory and
implementation, where only the supervisor was sentenced to 3 months
imprisonment (Article 359 of the Criminal Code), while the corporation was not
held criminally liable.
In conclusion, harmonization of the 2023 Criminal Code with OSH Law,
enhancement of investigator capacity, and implementation of a multi-door
approach (criminal, administrative, civil) are needed to strengthen deterrent effects
and protect worker safety. Consistent law enforcement and strict sanctions against
violating corporations are key to ending corporate impunity.129 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Implementation of Giving Remission to Prisoners in Fulfilling Their Rights (A Case Study at the Tanjung Gusta Class I Prison, Medan)
No full textMany people do not understand the term, remission and its implementation in the Indonesian social system so that several of them consider that giving remission to prisoners is not appropriate. Therefore, the writer does this research with the title, The Implementation of Giving Remission to Prisoners in Fulfilling their Rights (A Study at the Tanjung Gusta Class I Prison, Medan). The research problems are as follows: how about the implementation of giving remission related to the purpose of penitentiary system at the Tanjung Gusta Class I Prison, Medan, how about the regulation in giving remission according to Law on Penitentiary at the Tanjung Gusta Class I Prison, Medan, how about giving permission at the Tanjung Gusta Class I Prison, Medan, whether it has fulfilled the prisoners' rights at the Tanjung Gusta Class I Prison, Medan, and how about fulfilling the prisoners rights in giving remission at the Tanjung Gusta Class I Prison, Medan.
The research uses research method specification, juridical empirical method, which is aimed at combining juridical approach with database. Therefore, this research can yield more comprehensive understanding about aw in the real social context because a fact will not have any meaning without interpretation, evaluation, and general knowledge.
The implementation of giving remission and its amount which can be obtained by the prisoners at the Tanjung Gusta Class I Prison, Medan for giving General Remission and Special Remission according to Law No. 22/2022. Giving remission to prisoners is expected to be able to motivate them to behave properly during their imprisonment and during their having released from prison.158 PagesTesis Magiste