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Pre-Design of a Nitromethane Production Plant using Nitric Acid and Methane Raw Materials with a Capacity of 50,000 Tons/Year
No full textNitromethane is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH₃NO₂.
The production process uses a Pipe Flow Reactor (RAP) with Nitric Acid
and Methane as raw materials. The reaction is irreversible, with a molar ratio
of Nitric Acid to Methane of 2:1. Under these operating conditions, and
referring to existing journals and patents, the conversion value was 30.4%.
This reaction is exothermic, so a coolant is required to maintain the
temperature inside the reactor. The reactor output, CH4, C2H6, C3H8,
HNO3, CH3NO2, and H2O, is then fed to the quenching tower. The upper
output of the quenching tower is CH4, C2H6, C3H8, and H2O at a
temperature of 108°C and a pressure of 9.8 atm. The lower output, CH3NO2,
HNO3, and H2O, then enters the storage tank.477 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Effect of Transformational Leadership and Work Motivation on Employee Performance Through Job Satisfaction at PT Alfa Scorpii - Yamaha AR Hakim
No full textThis research is motivated by challenges related to employee performance at PT. Alfa Scorpii - Yamaha Ar Hakim, where there has been a year-on-year decline in sales realization and customer satisfaction. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of transformational leadership and work motivation on employee performance through job satisfaction. The type of research used is associative research with a quantitative approach. The data used is primary data obtained through questionnaires with a research sample of 43 employees, and it was analyzed using the path analysis technique. The results of this study indicate that transformational leadership and work motivation each have a positive and significant effect on employee job satisfaction. Furthermore, work motivation and job satisfaction also have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Although transformational leadership has a positive but insignificant direct effect on employee performance, its influence becomes positive and significant when mediated by job satisfaction. Similarly, the effect of work motivation on employee performance is also positively and significantly mediated by job satisfaction.135 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Molecular Docking of Diterpenoid Compounds from The Sambiloto Plant (Andrographis paniculata L.) Against Protein Programed Cell Death-Ligand 1 in Lung Cancer Therapy
No full textBackground: Lung cancer is a disease caused by genetic changes in epithelial cells of the respiratory tract that are uncontrolled in lungs. Factors that trigger the risk of lung cancer include a decline in the body's immune system in killing cancer cells. Excessive PD-L1 expression on PD-1 receptors can inhibit the performance of the immune system by suppressing T cell function. Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata L.) has potential as anti-lung cancer agent. In silico is a research method to analyze chemical compounds using computational-based software.
Objective: To determine whether the chemical compound content of the plant andrographis meets the Lipinski's rule of five parameters and can bind to the PD-L1 receptor in silico.
Method: Prediction of biological activity using the online PASS, testing Lipinski's rule of five using Swiss ADME, preparation and optimisation of ligand-receptor using AutoDock Tools 1.5.7, molecular docking with AutoDock Vina, validation with PyMOL and visualisation using Biovia Discovery Studio Visualizer. Downloading the PD-L1 receptor via Protein Data Bank (PDB) with code 8P1O. Two and three-dimensional models were downloaded using the PubChem website. Docking parameters were assessed based on the docking score.
Results: The content of the chemical compound terpenoid from the sambiloto plant meets the Lipinski's rule of five parameters and can bind to PD-L1 receptor in silico.
Conclusion: The chemical compound content terpenoid plant Andrographis paniculata is capable of binding to the PD-L1 receptor in silico, thus showing potential as a candidate for lung cancer treatment.100 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Effect of Video Media on Improving Waste Sorting Attitudes Among Sociology Students at USU
No full textWaste management issues in Indonesia require strategic efforts, one of which is through waste sorting at the source. However, the practice of sorting among students is still low due to a lack of knowledge and supportive attitudes. This study aims to determine the effect of video media on increasing attitudes toward waste sorting among Sociology students at the University of North Sumatra. The method used was a pretest-posttest quasi-experiment with one treatment group. The results show that video media does not have a significant effect on attitudes (p > 0.05). Video media is effective for cognitive aspects, but changing attitudes requires more intensive intervention. It is recommended that video media be integrated into environmental education and that additional approaches be used to shape attitudes and behaviors for independent waste sorting.88 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Evidence in The Criminal Offense of Defamation Through Social Media (Analysis of Decision Number 731/Pid.Sus/2023/PN Jkt.Pst and Decision Number 165/Pid.Sus/2024/PT DKI)
No full textThe development of information and communication technology has led to a fundamental shift in societal interaction toward digital spaces, particularly through social media, which on the one hand expands freedom of expression while on the other hand gives rise to various legal issues, including the criminal offense of defamation. This phenomenon has become increasingly complex due to the characteristics of digital communication that are rapid, open, and massive in nature, thereby directly affecting a person’s reputation before the accuracy of information can be verified. This study aims to analyze the legal regulation of defamation through social media in Indonesia, the mechanism for proving the element of fault of the defendant, and the differences in judges’ legal reasoning in establishing the elements of the criminal offense based on Decision Number 731/Pid.Sus/2023/PN Jakarta Pusat and Decision Number 165/Pid.Sus/2024/PT DKI. This research employs a normative legal research method with a statutory approach and a case approach, utilizing primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials analyzed through qualitative descriptive analysis. The results indicate that the regulation of defamation in Indonesia is governed by the Criminal Code and the Law on Electronic Information and Transactions along with its amendments; however, its application in judicial practice still results in divergent interpretations, particularly concerning the proof of the defendant’s fault and the assessment of electronic evidence. The differences in judicial considerations between the court of first instance and the appellate court in the same case demonstrate the absence of a uniform construction of proof regarding statements conveyed through social media. This condition has implications for legal uncertainty for the public as users of digital platforms.144 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Effect of Unsafe Actions on the Risk of Work Accidents Among Field Workers at Adolina Plantation PTPN IV In 2025
No full textThe risk of workplace accidents is the possibility of someone experiencing injury, one of which is caused by unsafe actions at work. Unsafe actions are failures (human failure) in following the correct work requirements and procedures, such as not wearing complete PPE, joking around, rushing, using damaged work tools, and smoking while working. According to the Ministry of Health and Manpower, there has been an increase in work accident cases every year, with 297,75 cases in 2022, 360,635 cases in 2023, and 462,241 cases in 2024. According to Heinrich, 88% of accidents are caused by human factors, namely unsafe actions. This study aims to determine the effect of unsafe actions on the risk of workplace accidents among field workers at PTPN IV Kebun Adolina. This study is a quantitative study using a cross-sectional approach among 49 oil palm harvesters using accidental sampling. Data collection was carried out using observation sheets and the AS/NZS 4360 risk matrix, which were then analyzed using ordinal logistic regression tests. The results showed that 41 workers did not use complete PPE, 30 workers joked around, 35 workers rushed, 31 workers used damaged work tools, and 32 workers smoked while working. The types of work accidents that had a high risk were eye irritation from palm oil dust, hands pierced by thorns, and hands injured by work tools. The analysis showed that unsafe actions had an effect on the risk of workplace accidents, namely not wearing complete PPE and rushing, with a p-value < 0,05, and actions that have a higher risk of experiencing work accidents are rushing, with a value of’2,2 times the risk compared to velahvns that use complete PPE, which have a 1,96 times risk. It is recommended that workers implement and comply with applicable regulations, such as using complete PPE, not rushing, and taking other safe actions to reduce the risk of accidents and reduce their severity.142 PageSkripsi Sarjan
Job satisfaction as a mediator of Organizational commitment and Individual readiness for change on Employee performance at PT Angkasa Pura Aviasi
No full textThis study aims to analyze the role of job satisfaction as a mediator in the relationship between organizational commitment and individual readiness for change on employee performance at PT Angkasa Pura Aviasi. This research employs an explanatory quantitative design with an objective statistical approach to examine the direct and indirect effects among variables. The study population includes 182 organic employees who were transferred from PT Angkasa Pura II, with a sample of 126 respondents determined using the proportional random sampling method. Data were collected through a five-point Likert scale closed questionnaire covering four main variables: organizational commitment, readiness for change, job satisfaction, and employee performance. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS software to test validity, reliability, and causal relationships among variables. The findings indicate that organizational commitment and individual readiness for change significantly influence job satisfaction and employee performance. The results also show that higher levels of commitment and readiness among employees lead to greater job satisfaction and improved performance. Furthermore, job satisfaction acts as a mediating variable that strengthens the relationship between organizational commitment and readiness for change on performance. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of enhancing job satisfaction through effective management of psychological and readiness aspects during organizational transformation to achieve optimal employee performance in a dynamic work environment.155 PagesTesis Magiste
LEGAL LIABILITY OF FISHING COMPANIES IN FULFILLING WORK ACCIDENT INSURANCE AND DEATH BENEFITS FOR CREW MEMBERS (CASE STUDY OF SUPREME COURT DECISIONS NO. 447 K/PDT.SUS-PHI/2024)
No full textThis study examines the legal responsibilities of fishing companies in fulfilling occupational accident and death insurance for crew members working in the fisheries sector. This issue is crucial because work at sea carries a high risk of fatal accidents and death. The Supreme Court Decision No. 447 K/Pdt.Sus- PHI/2024 demonstrates the company's negligence in registering crew members in the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan social security program. This raises the issue of who should be responsible for providing protection to crew members who experience work accidents resulting in death. This study aims to determine the legal regulations regarding the rights of crew members, the company's responsibilities if they fail to register them, and the judge's considerations in determining the company's obligation to pay compensation.
This study uses a normative juridical research method with a statute approach and a case approach to analyze relevant legal aspects. The data sources used are secondary data consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. Data collection techniques are carried out through library research, which includes a review of relevant literature, laws and regulations, court decisions, books, and legal journals. This technique is complemented by document studies to obtain more detailed data and information regarding applicable legal regulations and practices.
The results of this study demonstrate that the fishing company was clearly negligent as an employer in providing protection to its crew members by registering them with the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan program, as stipulated in Article 99 of the Manpower Law. Therefore, the judge's decision was appropriate, holding the fishing company fully responsible for paying compensation. However, in addition to civil liability, the company should also be subject to administrative sanctions as stipulated in Article 17 of Law Number 24 of 2011 concerning BPJS.142 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Identification of Salmonella sp. in Ready-to-Eat Foods Around the Campus of Universitas Sumatera Utara
No full textIntroduction. Foodborne disease caused by bacterial contamination, particularly
Salmonella sp., is a public health concern. Ready-to-eat foods sold near the
Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) campus are potentially sources of transmission
if hygiene control, particularly during cooking and handling processes are
inadequate. Objective. This study aimed to identify the presence of Salmonella sp.
contamination in ready-to-eat foods, namely fried chicken and chili egg, across all
food stalls on Jalan Pembangunan near the USU campus. Methods. This
descriptive experimental laboratory research utilized a cross-sectional design,
collecting a total of 60 samples (30 fried chicken and 30 chili egg) via a total
sampling technique. Samples were uniformly taken between 11:00 AM and 12:00
PM WIB. Identification was performed through culture on Salmonella Shigella
Agar (SSA) media, biochemical tests, and Gram staining at the USU Faculty of
Medicine Microbiology Laboratory. Result and Discussion. No Salmonella sp.
contamination was found in all samples (0%), which meets the Indonesian National
Standard (SNI) for Maximum Limit of Microbial Contamination (BMC). This result
is closely linked to the effectiveness of thermal inactivation during cooking, which
functions as a Critical Control Point (CCP). Another supporting factor is the early
sampling time, which limits the opportunity for Salmonella colonization during
post-processing. Conclusion. The absence of Salmonella sp. in all samples
confirms the success of the cooking process as an effective Critical Control Point.
However, despite the negative Salmonella finding, it is essential to enhance
supervision of food handlers’ personal hygiene and equipment sanitation during
the post-processing handling stage, to eliminate the risk of fecal and other
pathogenic contamination in the future.76 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Febrile Neutropenia in Pediatric Leukemia Patients: A Descriptive Study at Adam Malik General Hospital, 2022–2024
No full textBackground. Febrile neutropenia is the most common and potentially life-threatening complication in children with leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. This condition increases the risk of severe infection, prolongs hospitalization, and contributes to higher mortality rates. However, data on febrile neutropenia in pediatric leukemia patients in Indonesia, particularly at Adam Malik General Hospital Medan, remain limited. Objective. To describe the incidence and characteristics of febrile neutropenia among pediatric leukemia patients at Adam Malik General Hospital Medan during 2022–2024, and to analyze the relationship between blood culture results, chemotherapy phase, and number of fever episodes with hospital stay and clinical outcomes. Methods. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study using medical record data of pediatric leukemia patients diagnosed with febrile neutropenia from 2022 to 2024. Data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using the Chi-square test to assess relationships among variables. Results. Among 80 patients, most were aged 6– 10 years (38.8%), male (58.8%), and diagnosed with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) (92.5%). The majority of blood cultures were negative (66.3%), while positive results were predominantly gram-negative bacteria. Most febrile neutropenia episodes occurred during the induction phase (57.5%) with one episode (48.8%). Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between blood culture results and hospital stay (p = 0.046), while no significant association was found between chemotherapy phase and number of fever episodes with clinical outcomes (p > 0.05). Conclusion. Febrile neutropenia most frequently occurs in male children aged 6–10 years with ALL during the induction phase of chemotherapy. Positive blood culture results are associated with longer hospital stays.108 PagesSkripsi Sarjan