USU-IR Repositori Institusi Universitas Sumatera Utara
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Quality of Recovery in Patients Undergoing Caesarean Surgery with the ERACS Method
No full textIntroduction. Cesarean surgery may result in several outcomes that affect patient
comfort, such as postoperative pain, impaired mobilization and breastfeeding,
digestive dysfunction, and prolonged hospitalization. To overcome these outcomes,
the ERACS method can be implemented—a technique designed to enhance
postoperative recovery quality in cesarean section patients. Objective. This study
aimed to describe the recovery quality of cesarean section patients undergoing the
ERACS method. Method. This research employed a descriptive design with a cross-
sectional approach. The study was conducted at Prof. dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis
Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155
and Imelda Pekerja Indonesia Hospital from August to October 2025 involving 30
cesarean section patients using the ERACS method. Data collected included
recovery quality, pain scale, mobilization, length of stay, and patient satisfaction.
Results. The participants were all female with an average age of 31.32 years, most
of whom were multiparous (56.7%), and the mean time to first oral intake was 4.83
± 2.001 hours post-surgery. This research showed a good recovery quality (90%),
moderate pain scale (53.3%), mean mobilization initiation time of 7.97 ± 2.008
hours postoperatively, mean length of stay of 2.20 ± 0.407 days, and high
satisfaction (76.7%) with the cesarean section using the ERACS method.
Conclusion. Cesarean section procedures using the ERACS method can accelerate
recovery and result in good patient recovery quality.
Keywords: ERACS, recovery quality, pain scale, mobilization, length of stay,
satisfaction.79 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Water Resource Governance at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV Regional 1 Medan
No full textThis research aims to analyze how water resources governance at PTPN
IV Regional 1 Medan is carried out using the Dynamic Governance concept
developed by Neo & Chen (2007). This concept emphasizes three main
capabilities, namely thinking ahead, thinking again, and thinking across. The
method used is a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. Data
collection was conducted through in-depth interviews with key informants, field
observations, and documentation studies.
The results show that water governance at PTPN IV Regional 1 has
implemented the principle of thinking ahead through long-term strategic planning,
such as the construction of reservoirs and the formulation of SOPs for water use.
The principle of thinking again is applied through routine evaluations of water
quality and waste management, although it is reactive to technical problems that
arise. The application of thinking across is seen in internal coordination across
units, but external collaboration with external parties such as research institutions
and the government is still limited.
The conclusion of this study is that water resource governance at PTPN IV
Regional 1 Medan has implemented the concept of Dynamic Governance, but it is
not yet optimal. The company needs to strengthen external collaboration and
improve results-based policy evaluation153 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Conceptual Design of a Home Industry Scale Hybrid Type Grain Dryer
No full textThe drying process of grains is a crucial post-harvest stage to maintain
quality, extend shelf life, and prevent microorganism growth. However, traditional
drying methods that rely on sunlight have several drawbacks, such as weather
dependence and long drying times. Therefore, this study aimed to design a hybrid-
type grain dryer for small-scale industries, utilizing a combination of solar and
electric energy to enhanced drying. This research employed a conceptual design
approach using SolidWorks software for model and simulation. The designed dryer
consists of an angle iron frame, an absorber to capture solar energy, a burner as
an additional heat source, fans for air distribution, and a temperature and humidity
control system. Simulation results indicated that the structure was sturdy and
effectively distributed heat evenly, thereby improved the drying process efficiency.
The implementation of this hybrid dryer was expected to help farmers overcome
weather constraints and increased agricultural productivity. Furthermore, this
design could be furthered developed for various types of grains by adjusted optimal
drying parameters.67 pagesSkripsi Sarjan
Law Enforcement Against The Criminal Act Of Extortion Of Micro, Small, And Medium Enterprise (MSME) Entrepreneurs (A Case Study At Medan Baru Sector Police)
No full textThe crime of extortion is one of the legal issues that often threatens the continuity and peace of human life in carrying out activities. Extortion experienced by MSME actors in the jurisdiction of Polsek Medan Baru, perpetrated by gangs of thugs, causes insecurity and hampers local economic development. Based on this background, three main problems are raised: what are the factors causing extortion against MSME entrepreneurs in Polsek Medan Baru? How is the law enforcement carried out against extortion crimes directed at MSMEs in Polsek Medan Baru? What obstacles are encountered in the law enforcement of extortion crimes against MSMEs in Polsek Medan Baru? The research method used by the researcher is normative-empirical with a descriptive approach, utilizing primary data obtained directly from the field and secondary data consisting of legal materials, including primary, secondary, and tertiary legal resources. Data were collected through field studies and literature reviews, then analyzed qualitatively to gain a deep understanding of the legal issues. Based on the research results, the factors causing extortion crimes against MSME entrepreneurs in Medan Baru include vulnerable economic conditions with unofficial business locations and low security, low legal awareness and public distrust in law enforcement, as well as manipulation of social networks by gangs of thugs who intimidate and conduct organized illegal levies. Law enforcement against extortion of MSMEs at Polsek Medan Baru includes legal socialization and complaint services as preventive measures, and “operation patuh” (compliance operations) along with investigations as repressive actions, although victim protection remains limited; meanwhile, the Medan City Government strengthens protection of MSMEs through Regional Regulation No. 3 of 2024, which provides free legal assistance and business security to safeguard MSMEs from thuggery and extortion. Law enforcement efforts face external challenges such as intimidation by thugs, low legal awareness and culture, and lack of community support, as well as internal challenges including limited resources, investigative technicalities, facilities, and competence of officers. Therefore, comprehensive efforts are needed through socialization, strengthening legal culture, improving facilities and officer training, and active community participation to ensure effective law enforcement and create a sense of security and justice.144 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Relationship between VAL66MET Polymorphism of the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Gene and Restless Leg Syndrome in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Regular Hemodialysis
No full textBackground: Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a common sensorimotor disorder
among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis.
Genetic factors, including the Val66Met polymorphism of the Brain-Derived
Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) gene, are suggested to contribute to RLS pathogenesis
through impaired neuroplasticity and dopaminergic dysfunction. However, such
associations have not been extensively studied in the Indonesian population.
Objective: To investigate the association between the Val66Met polymorphism of
the BDNF gene and the occurrence of RLS in CKD patients undergoing regular
hemodialysis.
Methods: This case-control study included 70 DNA samples from CKD patients at
Rasyida Kidney Hospital, Medan—35 with RLS and 35 without. Genotyping was
performed using the PCR-RFLP method. Statistical analyses included Chi-Square
and logistic regression tests with a significance level of p < 0.05.
Results: Most subjects were over 40 years old (95.7%) and female (60%). The
Val66Met genotype distribution was dominated by Val/Met (50%), followed by
Val/Val (37.1%) and Met/Met (12.9%). The Val allele was found in 62.14% and
the Met allele in 37.85% of subjects. The Val/Met genotype showed a significant
association with RLS (p < 0.001; OR = 7.333; 95% CI = 5.221–146.968).
Multivariate analysis confirmed that age (p = 0.001; OR = 1.482; 95% CI = 1.333–
1.570) and BDNF polymorphism (p = 0.001; OR = 7.375; 95% CI = 4.392–12.837)
were significant predictors of RLS, while sex and anemia were not statistically
significant.
Conclusion: The Val66Met polymorphism of the BDNF gene—particularly the
Val/Met genotype—is significantly associated with increased risk of RLS among
CKD patients undergoing regular hemodialysis. These findings support the
potential role of BDNF as a genetic biomarker in the pathophysiology and
management of RLS in chronic kidney disease populations.
Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis, BDNF, Val66Met
polymorphism, Restless Legs Syndrome.68 PagesTesis Magiste
The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Emotion Regulation among Medical Students at The Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara
No full textBackground: Mental health among medical students has become a major concern due to the high academic and emotional demands throughout their education. The ability to recognize and manage emotions, known as emotional intelligence, plays an important role in how individuals regulate their emotions. Emotion regulation serves as an adaptive strategy to maintain psychological balance. However, the relationship between emotional intelligence and emotion regulation among medical students has not been widely explored in the local context. Objective: To determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and emotion regulation among students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Methods: This study employed an analytical method with a cross-sectional design. A total of 96 students from the 2023 cohort were selected using a consecutive sampling
technique. Emotional intelligence was measured using the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire–Short Form (TEIQue-SF), while emotion regulation was assessed using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Most respondents were female (69.8%) with a mean age of 19.9 ± 0.9 years. The majority of students had a moderate level of emotional intelligence (37.5%) and predominantly used the cognitive reappraisal strategy (54.2%). The Chi-Square test showed a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and emotion regulation strategies (p = 0.001). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship
between emotional intelligence and emotion regulation among medical students. Students with higher emotional intelligence tend to use the more adaptive cognitive reappraisal strategy compared to expressive suppression. This study reinforces the theory that emotional intelligence plays a crucial role in the process of emotion regulation.95 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Optimization of the Applying Time Several P Sources to the Phosphorus Absorption of Corn (Zea mays L.) in Ultisols
No full textPhosphorus is an essential nutrient for plants, but its availability is limited in Ultisols due to phosphorus fixation by aluminum and iron. The efficiency of P fertilizer decreases due to an increase in incubation time, which causes phosphorus transformation. This study aims to know the source of phosphorus fertilizer and the time of phosphorus fertilizer application, as well as the interaction of these two factors, which are suitable for the growth and phosphorus uptake in corn (Zea mays L.) in Ultisols. This research was conducted in a greenhouse and analyzed at the Soil Chemistry and Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Univesitas Sumatera Utara and the Agricultural Instrument Standardization Agency Laboratory in Medan, from March to August 2025. This study used a Randomized Block Design with 2 treatment factors and 2 replications. The first factor was the source of P fertilizer, consisting of 4 treatments: no fertilizer, SP-36 (100 ppm P), TSP (100 ppm P), and NPK 16-16-16 (100 ppm P). The second factor was the time of P fertilizer application, consisting of 5 times: 4 weeks before transplanting (W1), 3 weeks before transplanting (W2), 2 weeks before transplanting (W3), 1 week before transplanting (W4), and transplanting (W5). The results showed that the application of 16-16-16 NPK fertilizer increased plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, root dry weight, plant P content, and plant P uptake. Application 1 week before transplanting can improve plant height, stem diameter, root dry weight, and plant P uptake. There was no significant interaction between the source of P fertilizer and the time of P fertilizer application on plant growth or P uptake. However, the application of NPK 16-16-16 one week before transplanting increased plant P uptake by 90.41% compared to the control.93 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Role of Teachers in Developing Communication Skills Sign Language in Deaf Children in the Context of Inclusive Education (Case Study: Rumah Ceria Medan, Medan Selayang District)
No full textThis research stems from the need to understand how teachers in an inclusive
education environment play a role in developing sign language communication skills
in deaf children. The purpose of this research is to explainhow teachers at Rumah
Ceria Medan are able to help deaf children tocommunicate with their hearing peers,
with teachers acting as language facilitators. Based on educational anthropology and
Pierre Bourdieu's theory of practice, this research views the process of acquiring sign
language as a social practice shaped by the interaction between the educational
structure and the subjective experiences of deaf children as users of visual language.
The method used is qualitative with a case study approach at Rumah Ceria Medan,
through participant observation, direct observation, in-depth interviews with teachers
both in person and online via WhatsApp, deaf students, parents, and documentation.
The results show that teachers act as communication facilitators, designers of visual
learning strategies, and mediators between deaf children and hearing children.
Teachers develop deaf children's sign language skills through curriculum adjustments,
the use of BISINDO in every classroom interaction, the habit of two-way
communication, and emotional support. The inclusive environment at Rumah Ceria
Medan allows deaf children to be more confident in using sign language,
understanding lessons, and actively participating in social interactions at school. This
study confirms that the role of teachers is crucial in creating an equitable and
communicative learning space for deaf children in inclusive education.153 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Stress Distribution on Shortened Dental Arches Complete Dentures on Various Number of Teeth and Masticatory Load Direction using Finite Element Analysis
No full textIn addition to rehabilitating and restoring the functional and esthetic needs of edentulous patients, an important objective of complete denture fabrication is to achieve an optimal distribution of stress from masticatory loads—both axial and oblique—within physiological tolerance limits on the supporting tissues. Proper stress distribution helps prevent excessive resorption of the residual ridge. One commonly adopted approach to reduce the load transmitted to the ridge is to decrease the number of occlusal units, a concept known as the Shortened Dental Arch (SDA). To evaluate the biomechanical response of ridge mucosa beneath dentures with varying numbers of artificial teeth, the present study employed finite element analysis (FEA) based on Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) data of a well-rounded mandibular ridge. Three complete denture models consisting of 28, 24, and 20 occlusal units were analyzed under both axial and oblique loading conditions. The resulting stress distributions were then assessed and compared. The findings demonstrated that under a 100 N axial load, the highest stress was observed in the 28-unit model, followed by the 20-unit and 24-unit models. Under a 100 N oblique load, the 28-unit model exhibited the highest stress, followed by the 24-unit and 20-unit models. Based on these results, the SDA concept—specifically the use of 24 occlusal units—is recommended in the fabrication of complete dentures, as it provides the most favorable stress distribution compared with the 28-unit and 20-unit configurations under both axial and oblique loading conditions.134 PagesTesis Magiste
Quality Characteristics of a Herbal Beverage from Gynura procumbens Leaves with the Addition of Caesalpinia sappan Filtrate and Stevia Sweetener
No full textVINIA PERBINA SEMBIRING Quality Characteristics of a Herbal Beverage
from Gynura procumbens Leaves with the Addition of Caesalpinia sappan Filtrate
and Stevia Sweetener (Supervised by ISMED SUHAIDI as Head of the
Supervisory Committee and HOTNIDA SINAGA as Member of the Supervisory
Committee).
This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of Caesalpinia sappan filtrate
and stevia sweetener on the quality characteristics of a herbal beverage prepared
from Gynura procumbens leaves. A factorial Completely Randomized Design
(CRD) was employed, consisting of two factors: the concentration of C. sappan
filtrate (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%) and the concentration of stevia sweetener
(0,1%, 0,2%, 0,3%, and 0,4%). Parameters analyzed were total soluble solids, total
sugar content, pH, antioxidant activity (IC₅₀), color index, and sensory attributes
(color, aroma, taste, and overall acceptability).
The results showed that the addition of C. sappan filtrate significantly
influenced total soluble solids, pH, antioxidant activity (IC₅₀), color index, aroma,
and overall acceptability, while its effect on total sugar content and taste was not
significant. Similarly, stevia addition had significant effect on total soluble solids,
total sugar content, color index, aroma, taste, and overall acceptability, but showed
no significant effect on pH, antioxidant activity (IC₅₀), or color perception. The
interaction between C. sappan filtrate and stevia concentration had a significant
effect on color index and taste, but did not had significant effect on total soluble
solids, total sugar content, pH, antioxidant activity (IC₅₀), color, aroma, and overall
acceptability. The optimal formulation was identified in the T4P3 treatment,
comprising 10% C. sappan filtrate and 0,3% stevia sweetener.114 PagesSkripsi Sarjan