USU-IR Repositori Institusi Universitas Sumatera Utara
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IoT-Based Neon Box Automatic On/Off Control System and Electricity Consumption
No full textEnergy efficiency refers to the effort to utilize energy in an optimal and purposeful manner. Inefficient energy usage is still commonly observed, particularly in the operation of neon boxes that remain illuminated during daylight hours due to human oversight. Additionally, the power factor of the load also significantly affects energy efficiency. This study applies the BH1750 light sensor to develop an automatic on/off switching system for neon boxes based on the measured light intensity. The system uses a TL-LED lamp as the load. The experimental results indicate that the BH1750 sensor functions accurately in accordance with the predefined setpoint: when the detected light intensity exceeds 100 lux, the lamp is automatically switched off; conversely, when the intensity falls below 100 lux, the lamp is switched on. The TL-LED lamp demonstrates high efficiency, with a power factor of approximately 0.9, which is close to the ideal value. Furthermore, the system proves effective in reducing operating time, as it decreases the neon box's active hours by 35 hours over a 10-day period, resulting in an energy saving of 2.52 kWh.61 pagesSkripsi Sarjan
Analysis of the Development of the Character Chen Jian Ho in the Film A Sun by Chung Mong Hong
No full textThis study explores the character development of Chen Jian Ho in Chung Mong Hong's film A Sun using a literary psychology approach. The main focus of this study is the development of Chen Jian Ho's personality, which is analyzed through Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud, which includes the personality structure of the Id, Ego, and Superego, as well as the influence of social environmental factors on the formation of the character's identity based on Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory, specifically in the identity vs. identity confusion stage. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with content analysis techniques. The results of the study show that Chen Jian Ho experienced significant character development, from an impulsive individual controlled by the Id, developing into a more realistic person through the Ego, until reaching moral awareness through the Superego. In addition, social environmental factors such as the role of parents, social pressure, and relationships with peers played an important role in the process of searching for his identity. This study shows that the character development of the protagonist is not only influenced by internal conflicts, but is also closely related to external influences from the social environment.132 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Relationship Between Potassium Levels, Hemoglobin, and Kidney Function with Short-Term Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Assessed Using The National Institutes Of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) Period January 2024 – January 2025 At Adam Malik Hospital Medan
No full textBackground. Acute ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Several laboratory parameters such as potassium level, hemoglobin (Hb), and kidney function (eGFR) are thought to play a role in the clinical outcomes of stroke patients, particularly in the acute phase. Electrolyte imbalance, anemia, and impaired kidney function may worsen cerebral perfusion and hinder neurological recovery. Objective. To determine the relationship between potassium, Hb, and kidney function levels with short-term outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke based on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. Methods. This study was an analytical observational study with a retrospective approach using medical record data of acute ischemic stroke patients at H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan from January 2024 to January 2025. The collected data included potassium, Hb, and eGFR values calculated using the CKD-EPI 2009 formula. Short-term outcomes were assessed based on changes in NIHSS scores between the first and seventh days of hospitalization, calculated as the difference (ΔNIHSS = NIHSS day 7 – NIHSS day 1). The relationships between the three independent variables and changes in NIHSS scores were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation test with a significance level of p0.05), Hb levels (p>0.05), or kidney function (p>0.05) and changes in NIHSS scores. Conclusion. There was no significant relationship between potassium, hemoglobin, and kidney function levels with short-term outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke. This finding suggests that these parameters are not major predictors of neurological deterioration in the acute phase of ischemic stroke.87 pagesSkripsi Sarjan
Implementation of the Village Fund Program in Infrastructure Development in Pardamean Baru Village, Mandailing Natal Regency
No full textProblems in the implementation of the Village Fund Program in
Pardamean Baru Village, Mandailing Natal Regency, arise due to a mismatch
between community needs and the realization of infrastructure development.
Although the village receives an allocation of approximately IDR 1.0 to 1.1 billion
per year during the 2023–2025 period, public aspirations for rural road
development have not been fully realized. Instead, development priorities were
focused on other projects such as bridges and the village office without
transparent justification.
This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collection
techniques including in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation
studies. The analysis is based on the policy implementation theory by George C.
Edwards III, which includes four key indicators: communication, resources,
disposition of implementers, and bureaucratic structure.
The findings indicate that policy communication has not been effective, as
the information delivered was not entirely clear, consistent, or well disseminated
to the community. Limitations in human and technical resources hinder the
implementation of physical projects. The disposition of village officials reflects
commitment but tends to be formalistic and insufficiently responsive to public
input. The bureaucratic structure at the village level has not fully supported a
transparent and efficient implementation mechanism, as shown by a lack of
technical documentation and weak oversight. Overall, the implementation of the
Village Fund in Pardamean Baru Village remains suboptimal and requires
improvements in various aspects.101 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Characteristics of COPD Patients with Lung Cancer Detected Based on Lung-RADS
No full textBackground: Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of both COPD and lung cancer. Indonesia ranks fifth globally in smoking prevalence, and data from the basic health research survey indicate that smoking initiation increasingly occurs at younger ages. Therefore, lung cancer screening among COPD patients in Indonesia is particularly important. In Indonesia, the Indonesian Society of Respirology (PDPI) and the Indonesian Association for the Study of Thoracic Oncology (IASTO) jointly developed a lung cancer risk scoring system adapted to the characteristics of the local population. A total score greater than 17 is defined as indicating a high risk for lung cancer. According to the PDPI–IASTO recommendations, screening should begin at a younger age, reflecting national data showing earlier smoking onset in the Indonesian population. This system incorporates COPD as a significant risk factor, reflecting the growing recognition of COPD patients as a priority target for screening programs. However, data describing LDCT screening outcomes and Lung-RADS classification patterns in Southeast Asian COPD populations remain scarce. Our case series aim to address this knowledge gap by describing lung-RADS 3–4 findings in a high-risk COPD patient. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of COPD patients who were detected with lung cancer based on Lung-RADS classification in LDCT. Methods: This descriptive observational study with a case series design included 33 COPD patients at high risk for lung cancer who underwent LDCT at Haji Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, between October 2024 and May 2025. Clinical data, spirometry, lung cancer risk scores from the IASTO-PDPI questionnaire, and LDCT findings were collected and analyzed. Results: Among COPD outpatients with a PDPI–IASTO lung cancer risk score >17 who underwent LDCT screening, 9% demonstrated Lung-RADS category 4 findings. Three patients with Lung-RADS 4A–4B had severe airflow limitation (GOLD 3–4) and nodules with solid or subsolid morphology, frequently accompanied by airway-centric changes or calcifications suggestive of prior or suspected tuberculosis. Management included short-interval LDCT surveillance and selective tissue sampling. During the observation period, no definitive lung cancer diagnosis was established; one patient had benign histopathology, while the remaining patients showed radiological stability on follow-up imaging. Conclusion: In high-risk COPD patients undergoing LDCT screening, LungRADS 4 findings do not invariably indicate lung cancer. In this case series, suspicious nodules were frequently associated with post-infectious or inflammatory changes, particularly tuberculosis-related sequelae, and no definitive malignancy was confirmed during follow-up. Lung-RADS provided a valuable framework for standardized triage, supporting short-interval surveillance for indeterminate lesions and escalation to tissue sampling for persistent or progressive findings. These results highlight the importance of a stepwise, individualized approach integrating local infectious disease burden, procedural risk, and shared decision-making in lung cancer screening programs for COPD patients.83 PagesTesis Magiste
The Effect of Per Capita Income, Unemployment, and Internet Users on the Happiness Index of Asean Countries
No full textThis study aims to analyze the effect of per capita income, unemployment,
and internet users on the happiness index in ASEAN countries during the period
2013-2022.
This type of research is quantitative using panel data regression method.
The research data was obtained from the official website of World Bank Data and
World Happines Index.
The results of the analysis show that income per capita has a positive and
significant effect on the happiness index, while the unemployment rate has a
negative and significant effect. However, internet users have no significant effect
on the happiness index. This result shows that the economic aspect is still the main
determinant of happiness in the ASEAN region, while digital penetration has not
been fully reflected in improving people's welfare. This research is expected to be
an input for the government in designing policies to improve welfare and happiness
index in the Southeast Asian region.89 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Reporting on the Family Planning Program in Waspada Newspaper in Medan City 1997-2004
No full textThis study discusses the background of changes in news coverage of the KB
family planning program in the Waspada Newspaper and its impact on the people
of Medan City during the period 1997 to 2004. The purpose of the study was to
determine the background of changes in news coverage and the dynamics and
impact of KB news coverage on the community. Using a historical method with a
qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through an archival study of
the Waspada Newspaper by tracing, identifying, and classifying news related to
KB. Analysis was carried out on the number, type of news, and factors that
influence media relations with the community. The results of the study showed that
KB news coverage in the Waspada Newspaper during this period was still relatively
minimal. The majority of news content was informative with a one-way
communication pattern and tended to appear to coincide with national holidays or
official government activities. The dominant theme was the socialization of the KB
program and the role of the government in its implementation. News coverage that
was critical, described community participation, or raised social issues related to
KB was still very limited. In general, the media has not been optimal in encouraging
public awareness and involvement at large. Therefore, this study recommends that
Waspada Newspaper be more active, critical, and innovative in presenting
population issues to increase the effectiveness of the family planning program.107 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Relationship between the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and the Histological Grade of Breast Carcinoma
No full textBackground: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a systemic inflammatory marker derived from routine blood tests and has been proposed as a prognostic indicator in breast cancer. However, evidence regarding its association with histological grade remains inconsistent. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between preoperative NLR and the histological grade of invasive breast cancer using the Nottingham Grading System. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 72 patients with invasive breast cancer who underwent surgery at the Prof. dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, INDONESIA. From January 2021 to January 2024. Data were obtained from medical records. NLR was calculated from preoperative leukocyte differentials. Histological grade was obtained from pathology reports. The Kruskal–Wallis test and Spearman’s correlation were used for analysis. Results: Most patients were aged 40–60 years (73.6%). Normal NLR values were most common (55.6%), and Grade 3 was the predominant histological category (58.3%). The Kruskal–Wallis test showed no significant difference in NLR among histological grades (p = 0.952). Spearman’s correlation revealed no significant association between NLR and histological grade (r = 0.024; p = 0.839). Conclusion: No significant association was found between NLR and histological grade of breast cancer. The limited sample size and variability of clinical data may have influenced the findings. Further research with larger samples and controlled clinical variables is recommended.80 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Information Seeking Behaviour of Papua Student in Universitas Sumatera Utara
No full textThe development of information technology has changed the way students search for, access, and use information, but cultural and environmental differences can be determining factors in the adaptation process of migrant students, especially Papuan students at the University of North Sumatra. This study aims to identify and describe the information-seeking behaviour of students from Papua at the University of North Sumatra using Carol Kuhlthau's Information Search Process (ISP) model, which consists of six stages: initiation, selection, exploration, formulation, collection, and presentation. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews and observations of 14 informants who are Papuan students from the 2022–2024 batch. The data were analysed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and interactive conclusion drawing to obtain a comprehensive picture of information search behaviour. The results of the study show that students are aware of the need for information, especially when facing academic assignments, adapting to new environments, and seeking non-academic information such as transportation, accommodation, and social activities. During the initiation and selection stages, students tend to experience initial confusion but begin to develop a focus for their search through the help of the internet, friends, and senior students. During the exploration and formulation stages, students actively compare various sources, particularly the internet, AI, journals, and group discussions, to clarify their understanding. The collection stage shows that the majority of students organise information manually through notes and digital folders, while in the presentation stage they feel satisfied and more confident in using this information to complete academic assignments and adapt socially. This study also supports the achievement of SDG 4 on quality education, highlighting the importance of equal access to information and information literacy support for Papuan migrant students so that they can adapt and succeed in higher education.91 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Preliminary Design of N-Butyl Acetate Production Plant from Acetic Acid and Butanol with a Capacity of 14.000 Tons/Year
No full textThe production of n-Butyl Acetate from acetic acid and butanol is carried out through an esterification reaction under operating conditions of 90°C and 1 atm pressure in a stirred tank reactor. The n-Butyl Acetate plant is planned to have a production capacity of 14,000 tons/year (1,767,677 kg/hour) and operate 330 days a year. This plant is expected to meet 36.7% of Indonesia's n-Butyl Acetate needs.
The company's business entity is planned to be a Limited Liability Company (PT) and its organizational structure is staff, with a workforce of 108 people required. The results of the economic analysis of the design of the n-Butyl Acetate plant from Acetic Acid and Butanol show that the total investment capital is Rp.622,676,951,477.52. Total production costs are Rp.530,806,230,614.94. Sales revenue is Rp. 700,000,000,000.00. Net profit of Rp. 112,568,856,641.06. Profit Margin (PM) of 22.962%, Break Even Point (BEP) of 36.711%, Return on Investment (ROI) of 18.078%, Pay Out Time (POT) of 5.531 years, Return on Network (RON) of 30.13%, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 24.48%. From the economic aspects, it can be concluded that the Preliminary Design of a Plant for the Production of n-Butyl Acetate from Acetic Acid and Butanol is feasible.315 PagesSkripsi Sarjan