USU-IR Repositori Institusi Universitas Sumatera Utara
Not a member yet
100433 research outputs found
Sort by
Fish Biodiversity on the Mangrove Coast of Sei Naga Lawan Village, Perbaungan District, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra Province
No full textThe mangrove coastal area of Sei Naga Lawan Village is one of the coastal ecosystems in Serdang Bedagai Regency that has considerable fish resource potential but is increasingly subjected to environmental pressures due to human activities and changes in water quality. This study aimed to determine fish biodiversity and analyze the relationship between physicochemical water parameters and fish community structure in the mangrove coastal waters of Sei Naga Lawan Village. The research was conducted from July to August 2025 using a field survey method at three sampling stations determined by random purposive sampling. Fish samples were collected using hand lines, fish traps, and gill nets, while water quality parameters measured included temperature, water transparency, depth, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and salinity. Data analysis consisted of relative abundance, diversity index (H’), evenness index (E), dominance index (C), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that a total of 25 fish species belonging to two classes, Actinopterygii and Chondrichthyes, were recorded during the study. The species with the highest relative abundance at all sampling stations were Johnius carouna and Johnius trachycephalus. The diversity index values at the three stations were classified as low, ranging from 1.17 to 1.32, while the evenness index ranged from low to moderate (0.43–0.48), and the dominance index was categorized as low (0.40–0.44). Water quality parameters indicated that temperature and salinity were within the tolerance range for marine biota; however, pH and dissolved oxygen levels were below the established marine water quality standards. PCA results revealed that physicochemical parameters, particularly temperature, depth, and dissolved oxygen, were associated with fish abundance and biodiversity patterns. This study provides essential baseline information to support sustainable management and conservation of fish resources in the mangrove coastal area of Sei Naga Lawan Village.76 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Analysis Of The Distribution Of Curly Chili Commodity (Capsicum Annuum L.) Di Kabupaten Karo Provinsi Sumatera Utara
No full textThis research aims to analyze the base areas and the distribution characteristics of curly chili (Capsicum annuum L.) commodities in Kabupaten Karo based on the principles of localization and specialization. The methods used in this study are Location Quotient (LQ), Localization Index (LI), and Specialization Index (SI). The data used are secondary data on curly chili production per kecamatan from 2019 to 2024.
The results of the LQ analysis show that kecamatan such as Kutabuluh, Laubaleng, Mardingding, Tiganderket, and Payung consistently serve as production base areas for curly chili, indicated by LQ values greater than 1. A shifting trend in base areas is also seen from the increasing LQ values in Naman Teran and Kabanjahe in recent years. LI analysis shows that kecamatan such as Merek, Dolat Rayat, and Tiganderket have high production concentration, while kecamatan like Merdeka, Simpang Empat, and Kabanjahe have negative LI values, indicating a low concentration or specialization in this commodity. Meanwhile, SI analysis shows that Kutabuluh, Laubaleng, and Tiganderket have high specialization levels in curly chili production. Conversely, areas such as Merdeka, Simpang Empat, and Kabanjahe show negative SI values in almost every year, indicating low production contribution. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive spatial and temporal overview of the base areas, concentration, and specialization of curly chili in Kabupaten Karo, which can serve as a foundation for sustainable commodity development planning.
Keywords: Cabai keriting, Location Quotient (LQ), Localization Index (LI), Specialization Index (SI), Kabupaten Karo.76 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Analysis of Apoptosis Protein Expression in Hyperglycemic Rats (Rattus norvegicus) with Ethanol Extract of Batak Onion (Allium Chinense G. Don)
No full textDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from inadequate insulin secretion and/or insulin resistance. It is currently crucial to explore new therapeutic approaches for DM and alternative natural agents that specifically target molecular signaling pathways associated with the disease, such as reducing free radicals and inhibiting apoptosis. Empirically, the Batak onion (Allium chinense G. Don) has been traditionally believed to possess benefits as a treatment for DM. This belief is supported by the presence of bioactive compounds in Batak onion, such as phenols and flavonoids, which have potential antidiabetic properties. In this study, the activity of ethanol extract of Batak onion (EEBB) as an alternative treatment for DM is evaluated in vivo. The dry powder of Batak onion bulbs was extracted using the maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. The secondary metabolites in EEBB were qualitatively detected using thin-layer chromatography, while total phenolic and flavonoid content was quantitatively determined through calorimetric methods. The antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract was evaluated based on its ability to scavenge DPPH radicals. Furthermore, the antidiabetic effects of the extract were assessed in male rats, divided into six groups. Group 1, the negative control, was given 0.5% Na-CMC suspension; group 2 was given EEBB at 200 mg/kg BW; group 3 received EEBB at 400 mg/kg BW; group 4 received EEBB at 600 mg/kg BW; group 5 received 0.45 mg/kg BW glibenclamide, and group 6 was the normal group (without treatment). The antidiabetic activity of the extract was evaluated through its effects on SOD levels, HbA1c, daily blood glucose levels, pancreatic histopathology, insulin levels, iNOS levels, and caspase-3 expression. The results indicate that EEBB contains phenolic and flavonoid compounds, identified using three different mobile phases. Quantitatively, the phenolic content in EEBB was 18.0566 ± 0.046 mg GAE/g sample, while the flavonoid content was 5.7257 ± 0.039 mg QE/g sample. EEBB exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant activity by inhibiting DPPH radicals, with the highest inhibition observed at a concentration of 200 µg/mL, reaching 79.43 ± 0.961%. Moreover, EEBB demonstrated antidiabetic efficacy by lowering daily blood glucose levels over 28 days of observation. The antidiabetic effect of EEBB was further supported by its ability to increase SOD levels and decrease HbA1c levels. Histopathological analysis revealed that EEBB, particularly at a dose of 600 mg/kg BW, reduced pancreatic damage in rats induced with NA and STZ. This finding is further supported by the effects of EEBB on IRS levels of insulin, iNOS, and caspase-3 expression. Therefore, this study demonstrates that EEBB at a dose of 600 mg/kg BW exhibits superior antidiabetic efficacy compared to doses of 200 mg/kg BW and 400 mg/kg BW in NA and STZ-induced diabetic rats.135 PagesDisertasi Dokto
Unlawful Acts in The Acknowledgment of Land Ownership by Unauthorized Parties (A Study of Supreme Court Decision Number 691 K/Pdt/2025)
No full textLand ownership disputes often hinder the compensation payment process in land acquisition for public interest. This research is motivated by a dispute case between Paimin as the owner of Certificate of Ownership (SHM) and PT Sinar Waluyo which claimed ownership based on a Sales and Purchase Binding Agreement Deed and Power of Attorney to Sell over 9 plots of land in Magelang City affected by the Yogyakarta-Bawen Toll Road project. The purpose of this research is to determine the legal protection of land ownership rights when the certificate is controlled by another party, to analyze the legal consequences of unlawful acts regarding land ownership claims by unauthorized parties, and to analyze the judge's considerations in Supreme Court Decision Number 691 K/Pdt/2025.
The research method used is normative juridical with descriptive research characteristics, using secondary data consisting of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials collected through library research and analyzed qualitatively.
The research results show that legal protection for landowners whose certificates are controlled by other parties remains guaranteed through civil lawsuits to request the return of certificates and determination of ownership rights, because ownership is not lost merely because the certificate is controlled by others and can be proven through supporting documents and data from the National Land Agency. Parties who claim to be landowners when they are not entitled can be subject to sanctions based on Article 1365 of the Civil Code with legal consequences in the form of obligations to return the land, pay compensation, and potentially enter the criminal realm of document forgery, where all legal actions taken are declared invalid and null and void. The Supreme Court's considerations in Decision Number 691 K/Pdt/2025 show substantial weaknesses despite rejecting PT Sinar Waluyo's cassation, because it did not explicitly annul the legally defective Sales and Purchase Binding Agreement Deed, did not analyze the prohibition of absolute power of attorney in SEMA Number 4 of 2016, did not consider the invalidity of the Rights Waiver Deed, did not impose comprehensive sanctions in the form of physical handover and immaterial compensation, and ignored the criminal dimension regarding indications of document forgery.111 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Isolation and Identification of Flavonoid Compounds From the Bark of Kesambi (Schleichera oleasa (Lour.) Oken)
No full textThe isolation and identification of flavonoid compounds from the stem bark of
kesambi (Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken) were carried out through several stages.
The research process began with maceration extraction using methanol as the
solvent, followed by liquid–liquid partition extraction using ethyl acetate and n-
hexane to obtain the ethyl acetate fraction, which was subsequently concentrated.
The concentrated ethyl acetate extract was analyzed by thin-layer chromatography
(TLC) and further separated using column chromatography with silica gel as the
stationary phase and ethyl acetate as the mobile phase in various ratios (90:10;
80:20; 70:30; 60:40; 50:50; 40:60; 30:70; 20:80; 10:90, v/v). The third fraction was
further purified by preparative TLC using chloroform–ethyl acetate (10:90 v/v) as the
mobile phase. The isolated compound was obtained as a brownish amorphous solid
with a mass of 6 mg and an Rf value of 0.55 using chloroform–ethyl acetate (10:90
v/v) as the eluent. Further analysis of the isolated compound by UV–Visible
spectrophotometry showed two absorption maxima at wavelengths of 320 nm and
260 nm. Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic analysis indicated the presence of O–H
stretching vibrations at 3425.58 cm⁻¹, C=O (ketone) stretching vibrations at 1639.59
cm⁻¹, and C–O stretching vibrations at 1259.52 cm⁻¹. The ¹H-NMR spectrum
identified the H-2 proton at a chemical shift of 8.54 ppm, which is characteristic of
an isoflavone structure. Based on the spectroscopic data, the isolated compound was
identified as an isoflavone.69 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Pop-Up Market in Berastagi Karo Regency (1997-2016)
No full textThis research discusses the background to the emergence of the Berastagi
Pop up Market in 1997, analyzes its development until 2016, and explains the
market's role in supporting the local economy. This study uses a historical method
with a qualitative descriptive approach through document studies, observations,
and interviews with vendors, visitors, and related parties. The results show that the
Berastagi Surprise Market grew from the community's practical need for warm food
at night, then developed into a night culinary space through the creativity,
solidarity, and collective work of residents. In the early days, the types of culinary
offerings were still simple, such as grilled chicken, grilled fish, fried noodles, and
fried rice, but gradually developed into a more diverse culinary offering. The
number of vendors increased significantly from fifteen vendors at the beginning to
around forty to forty-five vendors in 2016. This market plays a significant role in
supporting the economy of the vendors' families and creating a chain economic
effect for the surrounding community. In addition, the Berastagi Surprise Market
serves as a space for social interaction between local residents and tourists,
although its presence also causes social impacts such as disturbances, minor traffic
jams, cooking fumes, and environmental hygiene issues.105 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Coping Strategies of Wives Who Play Double Roles in Dealing with Domestic Violence Committed by Their Husbands in Batang Serangan District, Langkat Regency
No full textThis study aims to analyze the forms of domestic violence experienced by women with dual roles and the coping strategies used in response to violence. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method involving five key informants in Batang Serangan Subdistrict, Langkat Regency. The results show that informants experience physical, psychological, and economic violence that occurs in the context of a patriarchal culture, unequal power relations, and social stigma that influence how victims interpret and respond to violence. The coping strategies used are dynamic, starting from emotion-focused coping such as avoidance and bottling up emotions, to developing into problem-focused coping such as working, seeking support, and considering reporting. Dual roles, limited time and energy, access to information, and immediate social support were factors that influenced the victims' ability to cope. These findings emphasize the need to strengthen legal education, economic support, and optimize victim assistance services to encourage the breaking of the cycle of violence.223 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Differences in the number of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria In Throat Swabs of Active Smokers and Non-Smokers in Selayang Village Medan Selayang District
No full textStaphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacterium, facultative anaerobic, producing yellow pigment in cocci form, with a diameter of 0.5-1.5 μm, arranged like grapes, catalase positive and found singly or in pairs. This bacterium can cause infections in the oral cavity with characteristic signs such as inflammation, necrosis, and abscess formation. Staphylococcus aureus also has the ability to form biofilms on tooth surfaces, making it difficult to kill with standard antibiotics. This results in chronic infections such as endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and the formation of pus pockets or abscesses. Staphylococcus aureus can spread through the blood vessels, causing abscesses in the lungs and bones. People who smoke cigarettes regularly exhale smoke and affect others, especially those aged 10-18 years, increasing from 7.2% to 9.1%. Active smokers are exposed to more genotoxic substances than passive smokers. In several studies, active smokers with throat swabs can be isolated from Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Purpose of the study to determine the number of Staphylococcus aureus bacterial colonies and the difference in the number of Staphylococcus aureus bacterial colonies in throat swabs of active and non-smokers in Selayang Village, Medan Selayang District. Method this study used descriptive observational research with a cross-sectional approach, presented in tabular form and analyzed. Results of the study showed that there are 100% of 10 Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in active smokers, the average number of colonies is 120 with the highest number of colonies PA2 183 colonies and the lowest PA3 with 69 colonies and in non-smokers 60% with an average number of colonies of 25 colonies in non-smokers the highest number of colonies is NP1 with 48 colonies and the lowest is NP9 with 14 colonies. Other bacteria that could be isolated were Streptococcus sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus warneri, Kocuria kristinae, Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus lentus. Conclusion is that there is a difference in the number of Staphylococcus aureus bacterial colonies in active smokers and non-smokers.91 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Characterization of Carbofuran Hydrolase Enzyme Bacillus Cereus Strain HS06 and Bacillus Paramycoides Strain BSAS15
No full textBacillus cereus strain HS06 and Bacillus paramycoides strain BSAS15 are two bacteria known to have the ability to degrade carbofuran, an active compound used in pesticides which are very dangerous to the environment. This study aims to determine the characteristic of the carbofuran hydrolase extracelllular and intracellular from B. cereus strain HS06 and B. paramycoides strain BSAS15. Extracelllular and intracellular enzyme of carbofuran hydrolase were isolated from B. cereus strain HS06 and B. paramycoides strain BSAS15 cultures, enzyme activity was measured and tested for the effect of temperature (30-50oC), pH (5-9) and metals (Na, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn). One unit of carbofuran hydrolase enzyme activity is defined as the amount of enzyme that can produce 1 mol of carbofuran-7-phenol per minute per ml of enzyme with carbofuran as the substrate. The results indicate that the carbofuran hydrolase intracellular enzyme produced by B. cereus and B. paramycoides has a higher activity than that from extracellular enzymes. The intracellular enzyme activiy of B. cereus has an optimum condition at 40°C, pH 9, and an increase in enzyme activity with the addition of Fe metal ions. Meanwhile, B. paramycoides at 40°C, pH 7, and with the addition of Fe metal. The carbofuran hydrolase enzyme from B. cereus and B. paramycoides have different optimal effectiveness characteristics with higher activity in its intracellular than the extracellular enzymes.50 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Analysis Of Factors Related To Near Miss Incidence Among Firefighters At Medan City Fire And Rescue Department
No full textOccupational safety and health play a vital role in protecting workers from
accidents, including near miss incidents frequently experienced by firefighters. A
near miss is an event that almost leads to a workplace accident but does not result
in physical or material loss. Firefighters are highly exposed to such risks due to
hazardous working conditions, such as collapsing structures, toxic smoke, and
electrical contact. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with near miss
incidents among firefighters in Medan City in 2025. This research employed a
quantitative analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The study population
included all 64 firefighters in the firefighting and rescue division of Medan City,
using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through structured
questionnaires and interviews, and analyzed using the chi-square test with a 95
percent confidence level. The results showed that the majority of respondents
were aged >31 years (51.6%) and had worked for more than 7 years (53.1%). Most
respondents (81.3%) had experienced a near miss, with the most frequent types
being almost struck by sharp objects (87.5%) and nearly exposed to toxic smoke
(82.8%). Bivariate analysis revealed significant associations between occupational
safety and health (OSH) knowledge (p=0.0001), unsafe actions (p=0.024), and
work environment (p=0.036) with near miss incidents. In contrast, age (p=0.865),
years of service (p=0.570), and personal protective equipment (PPE) use
(p=0.062) showed no significant association with near miss incidents. It is
recommended that the Medan City Fire and Rescue Department enhance regular
OSH training and awareness programs, strengthen discipline in safe work
procedures, improve workplace conditions, and consistently emphasize the use of
complete PPE, even though its statistical relationship was not significant.136 halamanSkripsi Sarjan