USU-IR Repositori Institusi Universitas Sumatera Utara
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The Effectiveness of Fermented Organic Waste Substrate in the Degradation Process by Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia Illucens)
No full textBlack Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae possess cellulolytic capabilities supported by the presence
of bacteria in their digestive tracts, which play a role in the process of converting organic
waste. However, BSF larvae have difficulty digesting substrates with high lignocellulose
content because they lack the enzymes capable of breaking down lignin. The high lignin
content in the feed substrate can be overcome thru a fermentation process using Effective
Microorganism-4 (EM4). This research aims to determine the effectiveness of BSF larvae
on the decomposition rate of organic waste, larval growth, and its nutritional content.
This research used an experimental method with four treatments: (P0) BSF larvae +
mixed substrate, (P1) BSF larvae + substrate with EM4 addition, (P2) BSF larvae + 5
day fermented substrate, and (P3) BSF larvae + 10-day fermented substrate. The rearing
period was 21 days, with 10 days for fermentation preparation. The observed variables
include the ability of BSF larvae to consume substrate using the Waste Reduction Index
(WRI) equation, larval growth (length and weight), and nutrient content (moisture content,
ash content, organic C, total N, phosphorus, and fat The results show that there is an
effect of each treatment on all variables, except for ash, phosphorus content, and total
nitrogen. The best treatment variation was obtained with treatment P3, which had a
decomposition rate of 98.5%, larval length of 18.760 mm, weight of 0.430 g per 10 larvae,
moisture content of 67.98% (fresh) and 0.44% (dry), organic carbon of 45.18%, total
nitrogen of 6.67%, and fat of 40.6%. The lowest ash content was found in treatment P3
(4.5%), and the highest phosphorus content was obtained in treatment P2 (0.23%).
Differences in substrate treatment affected the quality of BSF larvae, with the best results
obtained in treatment P3.97 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Association Between Pruritus Severity and Sleep Quality in Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis at Prof. dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Hospital, Universitas Sumatera Utara
No full textBackground. Pruritus is a common symptom among patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis and significantly impairs their sleep quality. However, most cases remain underreported and inadequately managed, except those of severe intensity, primarily due to limited awareness among both patients and healthcare professionals. Objective. To evaluate the association between the degree of pruritus and sleep quality in CKD patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis at Prof. dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, INDONEISA. Methods. This study employed an observational cross-sectional design conducted over three months in the hemodialysis unit, involving 70 adult patients undergoing routine hemodialysis. Data were collected from medical records and structured questionnaires. Patients with pruritus were asked to complete the 12-Item Pruritus Severity Scale (12-PSS) to evaluate pruritus severity and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess sleep quality. Consecutive sampling was used and data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate statistical methods. Results. Approximately 75% of patients reported experiencing pruritus, with the majority classified having moderate severity (48.6%). Predominantly characteristics of the sample included elderly individuals (38.6%), females (54.3%), with hypertension being the most common etiology of end-stage renal disease. No significant association was found between pruritus and laboratory parameters. However, a significant correlation was observed between the severity of pruritus and decreased sleep quality (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis are more likely to experience sleep disturbances due to the presence of pruritus108 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Effect of Coffee Husk Drying Duration and Addition of Rosemary Leaves (Rosmarinus officinalis L) on the Quality Characteristics of Cascara Tea
No full textThe Effect of Coffee Husk Drying Duration and Addition of Rosemary Leaves (Rosmarinus officinalis L) on the Quality Characteristics of Cascara Tea, supervised by ISMED SUHAIDI.
This study was conducted to determine the effect of coffee husk drying duration and the addition of Rosemary leaves on teh quality characteristics of cascara tea. A Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used with two factors: drying duration of coffee husks (P): (2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours) and addition of Rosemary leaves (U): (1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%). Teh parameters analyzed included pH, color index, total soluble solids, total phenols, antioxidant activity, and descriptive organoleptic characteristics such as color, aroma, taste, and overall acceptance.
Teh results showed that the drying duration of the coffee husks had a highly significant effect on pH, color index, antioxidant activity, total phenols, caffeine content, and aroma (descriptive), a significant effect on descriptive color and taste, and a non-significant effect on total soluble solids and overall acceptance. The addition of rosemary leaves had a highly significant effect on pH, color index, antioxidant activity, total phenols, and descriptive aroma, and a non-significant effect on total soluble solids, caffeine content, descriptive color, descriptive taste, and overall acceptance. Teh best treatment was found in P3U4, which was 6 hours of drying combined with 2.5% addition of Rosemary leaves.
Keywords: cascara, Rosemary leaves, cascara tea beverage.96 pagesSkripsi Sarjan
Psychological Analysis of the Male Protagonist in Haruki Murakami's Novel Norwegian Wood
No full textThis thesis analyzes the psychological aspects of the main male character in Haruki Murakami’s novel Norwegian Wood. The novel portrays the emotional and psychological journey of the protagonist, Toru Watanabe, as he navigates love, loss, and the search for meaning in life. This study aims to explore the psychological dynamics experienced by the main character and the factors influencing his development. The research employs a literary psychology approach using Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory as its primary framework. The analysis identifies internal conflicts, defense mechanisms, and the psychological development stages experienced by Toru Watanabe. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method, analyzing key events in the novel to extract relevant psychological insights. The findings reveal that the protagonist undergoes significant emotional turmoil due to past trauma, the loss of loved ones, and his quest for self-identity. Various defense mechanisms such as repression, rationalization, and sublimation are observed in his character. Additionally, his social interactions and life experiences contribute to his psychological growth, transforming him from a passive young man into a more mature individual with a deeper understanding of life and emotions. This research is expected to contribute to the study of literary psychology, particularly in understanding how the psychological aspects of fictional characters can reflect human psychological realities.57 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Implementation Of The Homeware Sorting Movement (GEMPAR BUNG) Program To Improve Waste Management in The Medan Tembung District, Medan City
No full textThe problem of household waste management in Medan Tembung District is
increasingly complex as the volume of unmanaged waste increases, reaching
approximately 110.8 tons per day in 2023, with only about 80% handled by
transportation facilities and landfills. The GEMPAR BUNG (Gerakan Memiwarna
Sampah dari Rumah) program was launched as an effort to increase community
participation in waste sorting and strengthen sustainable household waste
management, in line with Medan City Regional Regulation Number 7 of 2024
concerning Waste Management. This regulation emphasizes integrated,
comprehensive, and sustainable waste management through reduction, handling,
and community involvement, and positions households as the spearhead of waste
sorting (organic, inorganic, and B3).
This study uses a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews with sub-
district officials, village heads, neighborhood heads, cadres, community leaders,
young people, and residents, as well as analysis of community participation data.
The research results indicate that the implementation of GEMPAR BUNG is
suboptimal: inter-unit coordination and human resource readiness are limited,
cadres and officers have varying understanding of program procedures,
inconsistent socialization, and low community participation (15% regularly
participate, 37.5% occasionally participate, and 32.5% do not participate).
Limited facilities, inconsistent supervision, and late incentives reduce the
program's effectiveness. These findings confirm that the success of GEMPAR
BUNG depends heavily on strengthening the capacity of officials, consistent
socialization, community understanding and motivation, and adequate
infrastructure support.150 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Differences in the Corrosion Rate of Nickel Titanium Wire After Immersion in Artificial Saliva and 100 ppm Guava Leaf (Psidium guajava L.) Extract for 10, 20, and 30 Days
No full textNickel titanium wire is commonly used in dentistry due to its superelasticity, high tensile strength, and shape memory effect. However, in the oral cavity, this wire is susceptible to corrosion due to changes in temperature, pH, enzymes, and aggressive ions, which can reduce its strength and effectiveness, and pose risks of allergy or toxicity. One way to prevent this is by using natural inhibitors such as guava leaf (Psidium guajava L.) extract, which contains antioxidants like tannins and flavonoids. This study aimed to determine the difference in corrosion rates of nickel-titanium wire after immersion in artificial saliva and guava leaf extract (Psidium guajava L.) at a concentration of 100 ppm, and to evaluate the effect of different immersion durations of 10, 20, and 30 days. This research was a laboratory experimental study using a post-test only group design. The samples were nickel titanium wires with a diameter of 0,016 inches and a length of 5 cm. A total of 36 specimens (n = 6) were divided into 6 groups: immersion in artificial saliva and 100 ppm guava leaf extract for 10, 20, and 30 days, respectively. The corrosion rate was measured using the weight loss method. The mean and standard deviation of the corrosion rate values for groups I to VI were respectively 0,3489±0,0022 mpy, 0,4627±0,1402 mpy, 0,5049±0,0964 mpy, 0,3479±0,0016 mpy, 0,1747±0,0009 mpy, and 0,1165±0,0005 mpy. The Two-Way ANOVA test showed a significant difference in corrosion rates based on immersion solution, with p-value = 0,000 (p 0,05). Post Hoc Tukey HSD results showed no significant difference between Group I and IV (p = 1,000), but significant difference between Group II and V (p = 0.000) and Group III and VI (p = 0.000). In conclusion, immersion of nickel titanium wires in guava leaf extract was proven effective in reducing corrosion rates.74 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Strategy of the Regional Public Company (PUD) in Increasing Market Occupancy of Padang Bulan Traditional Market Medan, Medan Baru District
No full textThis study was motivated by the declining occupancy rate of kiosks and
stalls in the Padang Bulan Traditional Market in Medan, caused by increased
competition from modern markets, changes in consumer behavior, and inadequate
physical conditions and facilities in the market. As the managing agency, the
Medan City Market Regional Public Company (PUD) has the responsibility to
design and implement strategies to increase market occupancy. The purpose of
this study is to determine and analyze the strategies implemented by PUD to
increase the occupancy of traditional markets, as well as to identify the factors
that support and hinder the implementation of these strategies.
This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data was
obtained through interviews with market managers, traders, and visitors, as well
as through observation and field documentation. Data analysis was conducted
using the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) approach to
identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that influence PUD's
strategy. The results of the study show that PUD has strengths in its strategic
market location and affordable kiosk rental prices, but faces weaknesses such as
limited facilities, lack of digital promotion, and low trader discipline. Available
opportunities include government support for market revitalization and
information technology development, while the main threats come from the rise of
modern markets and online buying and selling media.
Based on the analysis results, the strategies implemented by PUD Pasar
Kota Medan include improving market facilities and cleanliness, implementing
digital-based promotions, providing guidance to traders, and carrying out
creative economic activities such as MSME bazaars. This research is expected to
provide input for local governments and other traditional market managers in
designing effective management strategies to maintain the sustainability and
competitiveness of traditional markets amid modern economic developments.168 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Effect of Electrode Variations E7018, E7016 and E6013 on SMAW Welding Impact, Hardness and Microstructure of AISI 1045 Steel
No full textThis research aims to determine the effect of electrode variations on the
mechanical properties and microstructure of AISI 1045 steel welded using the
Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) method. The electrodes used were E7018,
E7016, and E6013, with a constant welding current of 100 Amperes. The tests
carried out included penetrant testing, impact test, Vickers hardness test, and
microstructure observation using an optical microscope. The results showed that
the E7018 electrode produced the highest hardness value of 218.33 VHN due to
the formation of a denser and more homogeneous weld metal structure.
The highest impact toughness value was obtained from the E7016
electrode, with an average absorbed energy of 209.07 Joules, indicating better
resistance to impact loads. Meanwhile, microstructural observations revealed that
E7016 and E6013 electrodes produced finer ferrite and pearlite grains, while
E7018 tended to form coarser grains with higher porosity potential. Overall, the
selection of electrode type significantly influences the weld quality of AISI 1045
steel in terms of both mechanical and microstructural properties.78 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Analysis of Vendor’s Personal Hygiene, Market Sanitation and Vendors Health Complaints at Simpang Limun Market Medan City
No full textSimpang Limun Market in Medan City is one of the traditional markets that attracts visitors from various backgrounds. The large number of vendors makes market activities crowded; however, the vendors’ personal hygiene practices remain low and are influenced by the market’s sanitation conditions, which can lead to health
complaints. This study aims to analyze the personal hygiene of vendors, market sanitation, and health complaints among vendors at Simpang Limun Market. This research employed a descriptive design using interviews and observations. The sample consisted of 81 vendors determined using quota sampling with an accidental sampling
approach. The results showed that the majority of vendors were female (80.5%), aged 26–35 years (21%), had completed high school education (61.7%), and most had been selling for more than 10 years (45.7%). The level of personal hygiene was poor (80.2%), the market sanitation conditions did not meet the requirements (72.9%), and the most frequent health complaint was skin itching (64.2%). These findings indicate that vendors are at risk of health problems due to suboptimal hygiene practices and inadequate market environmental conditions. Therefore, routine education and counseling on clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS), as well as improved supervision and provision of adequate sanitation facilities, are needed to reduce the risk of disease transmission. The results of this study are expected to serve as input for local government, market managers, and future researchers in formulating more comprehensive environmental health intervention programs.156 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
General Attachment Over Fully-Paid Sale and Purchase Agreement Objects Included In the Bankruptcy Estate (A Case Study of Supreme Court Decision No.33PK/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2021)
No full textBankruptcy law in Indonesia serves primarily as an instrument for ensuring
legal certainty, justice, and protection for all parties involved in debt-to-credit
relationship. Through the bankruptcy mechanism, the state provides a means for
creditors to obtain repayment of their debts when the debtor is no longer able to
fulfill their obligations. One consequence of a bankruptcy decision is the
implementation of general seizure, in which all of the debtor's assets, both movable
and immovable, are immediately placed in the bankruptcy estate and placed under
the management of a curator. This provision is contained in Law Number 37 of
2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations.
Thesis is descriptive analytical. Descriptive is a research that attempts to
describe a particular object that explains a phenomenon or event that occurs in a
particular field that is obtained based on existing facts factually and accurately.
Descriptive analytical means conducting analysis to the level of description by
analyzing and presenting facts systematically so that they can be more easily
understood and concluded.
The discussion of general seizures and sale and purchase agreements (PPJB)
in the context of bankruptcy in Indonesia shows that bankruptcy law has a
significant impact on the rights of debtors and third parties, such as buyers who
have fulfilled their payment obligations. General seizures serve to protect the
interests of creditors by securing all assets of debtors who are bankrupt. However,
in certain cases, as described in the Supreme Court decision No. 33PK / pdt.sus-
pailit / 2021, the rights of buyers in good faith must be respected, even though the
deed of sale and purchase (AJB) has not been signed. This decision confirms that
buyers who have paid off and physically control the object have strong legal rights,
and the curator's actions in including the assets in the bankruptcy estate are
considered invalid.114 PagesSkripsi Sarjan