USU-IR Repositori Institusi Universitas Sumatera Utara
Not a member yet
100433 research outputs found
Sort by
Effect of Lemongrass Essential Oil (Cymbopogon nardus) as an Alternative Solvent on Epoxy Resin Sealer Cleanliness of Root Canal Walls during Endodontic Retreatment (In Vitro)
No full textEndodontic retreatment requires the use of solvents to assist in the removal of
old obturation materials, including epoxy resin sealers that adhere strongly to root canal
walls. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of citronella essential oil (Cymbopogon
nardus) on the cleanliness of epoxy resin sealer on root canal walls during in
vitro endodontic retreatment. This in vitro experimental study with a post-test only
design used mandibular premolars divided into three groups: no solvent, orange oil,
and citronella essential oil. Root canal wall cleanliness was evaluated using a
stereomicroscope and analyzed quantitatively. The results demonstrated significant
differences in root canal wall cleanliness among the groups, with the orange oil group
showing the highest level of cleanliness, followed by the lemongrass essential oil
group, while the no-solvent group exhibited the lowest level. It can be concluded that
lemongrass essential oil contributes to improving the cleanliness of root canal walls
from epoxy resin sealer residues, although its effectiveness remains inferior to that of
orange oil.122 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Inventory of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Larval Parasitoids on Cabbage Plants with and without Pesticide Application in Purba Tengah Village, Purba District, Simalungun Regency
No full textPlutella xylostella is the major pest of cabbage crop that can cause severe damage leading to significant yield losses. Although the main control method used by farmers is the application of chemical pesticides, this practice has the potential to reduce the population of natural enemies, including larval parasitoids that play an essential role in biological control. The objective of this study was to determine the presence, types, and parasitization rates of parasitoids associated with P. xylostella larvae in cabbage crops with and without pesticide application. The study was conducted in Purba Tengah Village, Purba District, Simalungun Regency from August to September 2025 using a survey method and pursposive sampling technique on two sampe plots, each measuring 100 m2 . Two parasitoid species were identified: Diadegma semiclausum and Cotesia vestalis. The parasitism rate 29.57% was recorded in the non-pesticide plot, while the rate in the pesticide-treated plot was 15.56%. The diversity index in both sample plots was relatively lov and dominated by D. semiclausum.75 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Role of Parent's Parenting on Smartphone Addiction in Early Childhood Case Study: A Family That Has Early Childhood in Sei Semayang Village
No full textThis study aims to determine the role of parenting styles on smartphone addiction levels in early childhood in Sei Semayang Village. The increasing use of smartphones among children is a significant concern because it has the potential to impact social, emotional, and cognitive development. This study used a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation of several families with children aged four to six years. The results indicate that parenting styles significantly influence children's smartphone use behavior. Permissive parenting styles tend to lead to excessive screen time, increasing the risk of addiction, characterized by anxiety when not holding the smartphone, decreased interest in direct play, and impaired concentration. Conversely, authoritative parenting styles with consistent supervision, screen time restrictions, and the provision of alternative, engaging play activities can reduce the tendency for smartphone addiction. Environmental factors, parental education levels, and parental smartphone habits also influence the parenting styles implemented. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of parents' roles in managing smartphone use in early childhood. Interventions in the form of parenting education and increased digital parenting awareness are needed to prevent the negative impacts of digital device use on child development.177 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Morphological Characterization of Pumpkin Fruit (Cucurbita moschata) in Sei Bingai Village, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province
No full textThis study aimed to characterize the fruit morphology of pumpkin
(Cucurbita moschata) cultivated in Sei Bingai Village, Langkat Regency, North
Sumatra Province. The research was conducted from October to December 2025
using an exploratory–descriptive method. Sampling was carried out through
purposive sampling of harvested pumpkin fruits collected from several local
farmers’ fields. Morphological characterization was performed based on UPOV
descriptor guidelines by observing both qualitative and quantitative morphological
traits. The qualitative characters observed included fruit skin color, fruit shape,
longitudinal and transverse cross-section shapes, stem-end and blossom-end
profiles, fruit surface texture, flesh color, as well as seed color and shape.
Quantitative characters included fruit weight, fruit diameter, skin thickness, flesh
thickness, and seed size. Quantitative data were analyzed using mean values, while
genetic relationships among accessions were evaluated through cluster analysis
using the NTSys program. The results indicated a high level of morphological
diversity among pumpkin accessions, particularly in fruit shape, skin color, and
fruit size. UPGMA cluster analysis revealed three closely related accession pairs,
namely Accessions 1 and 4 with a similarity coefficient close to 0.51, Accessions 3
and 6 with a coefficient close to 0.63, while Accessions 2 and 5 exhibited the highest
similarity with a coefficient of 0.75.
Keywords: pumpkin, morphological characterization, genetic diversity.73 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Effect of Modified Orange Sweet Potato Flour (Beta-1 Variety) and Cinnamon Powder Concertration of Production of Cake Bolu Bhoi
No full textCUT PATHAN Effect of Modified Orange Sweet Potato Flour (Beta-1 Variety) and Cinnamon Powder Concentration on the Production of Cake Bhoi (supervision by MIMI NURMINAH as Head of the Supervisory Committee and ISMED SUHAIDI as Member of the Supervisory Committee).
The Beta-1 variety of orange sweet potato is rich in beta-carotene, a provitamin A that is beneficial to health. The orange sweet potatoes were processed into modified flour using annealing, acetic acid, bimo cf, and instant yeast to improve their physical and functional properties, and the best modification method was applied in the production of bolu bhoi. Bolu bhoi, a traditional Acehnese fish-shaped cake bhoi with a soft and sweet texture, was innovated by incorporating modified orange sweet potato flour to improve its nutritional value, along with cinnamon powder to enhance its flavor and aroma. Cinnamon contains cinnamaldehyde compounds with antioxidant properties. This study was aimed to determine the interaction effects of adding modified Beta-1 orange sweet potato flour and cinnamon powder concentration on the quality characteristics of cake bolu bhoi. The research employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors: modified orange sweet potato flour (T) (40%, 60%, 80%, 100%) and cinnamon powder concentration (B) (0%, 0,5%, 1%, 1,5%). The parameters analyzed included moisture content, ash content, fat, protein, carbohydrate, crude fiber, beta-carotene, antioxidant activity, color, texture, aroma, taste, and overall acceptance.
The results of the study showed that the addition of modified orange sweet potato flour of Beta-1 variety (T) had a highly significant effect (P<0,01) on moisture content, ash content, protein content, crude fiber content, color descriptives, flavor hedonic, texture descriptives, and overall acceptance hedonic, as well as a significant effect (P<0,05) on fat content, carbohydrate content, and aroma hedonic. The concentration of cinnamon powder (B) had a highly significant effect (P<0,01) on moisture content, ash content, color descriptives, aroma hedonic, flavor hedonic, and overall acceptance hedonic, and a significant effect (P<0,05) on fat content, carbohydrate content, protein content, crude fiber content, and texture descriptives. The best treatment, based on the De Garmo method, was T1B4, which was the treatment with the addition of 40% modified orange sweet potato flour of Beta-1 variety and 1,5% cinnamon powder concentration.146 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Extensive Interpretation of The Crime of Theft in Cyber Crime
No full textThe rapid development of information technology has shifted the paradigm of crime or crime from conventional to the digital realm (cyber crime). Digital transformation has changed the characteristics of theft, from the physical transfer of an item to the takeover of information value through an electronic process involving the internet network. Legal problems arise when Article 362 of the Criminal Code is applied to cyber crime cases, where the perpetrator's actions often do not remove the original data from the owner, but are limited to copying or duplicating it. This study aims to analyze the legitimacy of the extensive interpretation of the crime of theft in cyber crime, regarding one element, namely "taking" which is interpreted as the act of "duplicating"
The research method used is qualitative and descriptive analytical. The research data used secondary data. Data were collected using literature review methods. Data analysis was conducted using qualitative analysis methods.
The research findings show that interpreting the element of "taking" as the act of "duplicating" represents an expansive interpretation relevant to the nature of digital data. Legally, the essence of "taking" in theft is "the unlawful transfer of power from a legitimate owner." In the digital context, unauthorized duplication of data can be considered the seizure of exclusive power over the information, resulting in economic or functional loss for the legitimate owner. Focusing the interpretation on the element of "taking" rather than the element of "goods" is considered more effective in avoiding the trap of analogy, because it still refers to the text of the act contained in the law but its meaning is expanded according to the technical reality of cybercrime. This interpretation provides a basis for judges to address the crime of data theft without having to wait for comprehensive legislative reform, while still respecting the boundaries of the principle of legality.118 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Unlawful Acts Through The Unilateral Termination Of Agreements In Franchise Agreements (A Study Of Decision Number 5897 K/Pdt/ 2024)
No full textA franchise agreement is a bilateral agreement subject to the provisions of the Civil Code and specific franchise regulations. Unilateral termination of a franchise agreement without the consent of the other party may give rise to legal issues related to unlawful acts. This research analyzes Supreme Court Decision Number 5897 K/Pdt/2024 involving PT My Salon International as the franchisor and CV Agatha Carissa Aglaia along with Retno Margiastuti as the franchisees. The issues examined include the termination provisions of franchise agreements as bilateral agreements are regulated under the Civil Code, the elements of unlawful acts relate to the termination of franchise agreements by one party without the consent of the other party, and to analyze the judges' considerations and decisions regarding the elements of unlawful acts in connection with unilateral termination of franchise agreements.
The research method employed is normative juridical research, descriptive in nature, using statutory and case approaches. Secondary data were collected through primary legal materials (legislation, court decisions, franchise agreements) and secondary legal materials (books, journals, scholarly articles). Data analysis was conducted qualitatively with deductive conclusions. The data collection technique consisted of library research and the data collection instrument was document study.
This research demonstrates that the termination of franchise agreements is governed by Articles 1266 and 1338 Paragraph (2) of the Civil Code, which require the consent of the parties or a court decision. Unilateral termination satisfies the elements of unlawful acts under Article 1365 of the Civil Code, namely the existence of an unlawful act, fault, damages, and causal relationship. Unilateral termination constitutes an unlawful act even when there is a clause waiving Article 1266 of the Civil Code, as it violates the fundamental principles of contract law and the principle of good faith. This decision provides legal certainty that Article 1266 of the Civil Code is mandatory and cannot be simply waived, and affirms the importance of executing agreements in good faith and following proper procedures in terminating franchise agreements.159 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
A Social Capital and Social–Ecological System Based Model for Social Forestry Management in North Sumatra
No full textSocial Forestry (SF) is a strategic policy for community-based forest
management that aims to improve local livelihoods while safeguarding the ecological
functions of forests. The implementation of SF in North Sumatra demonstrates varying
degrees of success, influenced by differences in ecological conditions, socio-cultural
characteristics, institutional capacity, and the dynamics of actor relations. This study
aims to formulate a sustainable Social Forestry management model based on social
capital and the Social-Ecological System (SES) framework.
The research was conducted between 2022 and 2024 in five SF schemes:
Customary Forest (HA), Village Forest (HD), Community Forestry (HKm), Community
Plantation Forest (HTR), and Conservation Partnership (KK). A mixed-methods
approach with a sequential quantitative–qualitative design was employed. Quantitative
analysis examined vegetation composition and structure as a proxy for ecological
conditions, and measured social capital among Social Forestry permit holders.
Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions,
and expert judgement to identify key variables, actor roles, and SES elements within SF
management.
The results indicate that each SF scheme exhibits distinct ecological and
institutional characteristics. Social capital, both cognitive and structural, plays a
critical role in strengthening governance, enhancing participation, and stabilizing
collective action. The SES analysis demonstrates that SF sustainability is shaped by the
interaction among forest resources, resource users, infrastructure providers, and public
infrastructure. However, the conventional SES framework has limitations in capturing
socio-economic dynamics. This prompted the development of an extended SES+E
approach that explicitly integrates economic dimensions as determinants of
management behaviour.
This study proposes a sustainable Social Forestry management model that
prioritizes social capital strengthening, multi-level governance integration, and
contextualized approaches tailored to institutional typologies in North Sumatra.216 PagesDisertasi Dokto
The Effect of Adding Ethyl Glycol and Glycerol on the DNA Quality of Batak Fish Sperm (Tor soro) Post-Cryopreservation
No full textBatak fish (Tor soro) is an endemic fish of Danau Toba whose population continues
to decline due to overexploitation, habitat destruction, and introduced predators.
Conservation efforts can be carried out with sperm cryopreservation technology to
provide quality sperm throughout the year. This study aims to analyze the type of
appropriate cryoprotectant solution, and determine the best concentration, as well
as evaluate the effect of Ethyl Glycol and glycerol on the quality of Batak fish sperm
DNA. The study used two types of cryoprotectants (ethyl glycol and Glycerol) with
7 different concentrations (0%; 2.5%; 5%; 7.5%; 10%; 12.5%; and 15%). The
parameters observed included motility, viability, and DNA integrity, with ANOVA
analysis and Duncan's test. The results showed that the type of solution,
concentration, and their interaction had a significant effect (P <0.05) on the motility
and viability of Batak fish sperm. Glycerol concentration of 7.5% produced the
highest value with 28.67% motility and 63.00% viability, while Ethyl Glycol was
best at 0% concentration with 23.33% motility and 59% viability. DNA
electrophoresis results showed clear and intact DNA bands without fragmentation,
indicating that these two cryoprotectants did not damage genetic integrity. Thus,
Glycerol 7.5% is the most effective concentration for cryopreservation of junung
fish sperm. Meanwhile, 0% ethyl glycol also gave good results without damaging
DNA.98 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Effect of Various Concentrations of BAP and NAA on In Vitro Shoot Multiplication of Red Barangan Banana (Musa acuminate colla).
No full textThe Barangan banana (Musa acuminate Colla) originates from North Sumatra and is distributed throughout Indonesia. The main problem in banana cultivation is the availability of seeds. Banana plants are generally propagated by suckers, making it difficult to obtain large numbers of seeds in a relatively short time. The resulting seeds are not uniform and are not free from pests and diseases. In vitro plant culture is a rapid method for plant propagation in an aseptic environment. This method can produce high-quality plants with characteristics consistent with the parent plant and free from pests and diseases. This study aims to determine the effect of various concentrations of BAP and NAA in MS medium on shoot multiplication of red Barangan banana (Musa acuminate colla). This research was conducted at the Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra, from June to October 2025. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used with two factors. The first factor was the concentration of benzyl aminopurine (BAP): B0 (0 ppm), B1 (4 ppm), and B2 (6 ppm). The second factor was the concentration of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA): N0 (0 ppm), N1 (1 ppm), and N2 (2 ppm). Parameters observed in this study included the percentage of live explants (%), age at shoot emergence, number of shoots, shoot length, number of roots, root length, and number of leaves. The results showed that the BAP concentration significantly affected the age at shoot emergence, number of shoots, and number of leaves. The interaction between BAP and NAA significantly affected shoot length, number of roots, and root length.68 pagesSkripsi Sarjan