Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai
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Zsigmond Attila: Akadémita lelkipásztorok a szilágyi traktusban (16. század – 1821). Szeged–Debrecen: SZTE BTK Kulturális Örökség és Humán Információtudományi Tanszék – Tiszántúli Református Egyházkerület Levéltára, 2024
Get PDFA közelmúltban egyre több református egyháztörténeti névtár megjelenésére lehettünk figyelmesek. Pusztán az elmúlt tíz év református vonatkozásainál maradva és a teljesség igénye nélkül említhetők Köblös József és Kránitz Zsolt Dunántúli Egyházkerületet átfogó adattárai (2018,[1] 2022[2]), Tömösközi Ferenc Gömörtől a keleti határig terjedő archontológiai-prozopográfiai kötete (2022),[3] valamint Emődi András Érmelléki Egyházmegye lelkészeit és tanítóit taglaló feldolgozása (2022).[4]
Jelen recenzió tárgya 2024-ben látott napvilágot az SZTE BTK Kulturális Örökség és Humán Információtudományi Tanszék és a Tiszántúli Református Egyházkerület Levéltára kiadásában. Zsigmond Attila kutatásait az NKFIH OTKA K-145896 A magára hagyottság és a megküzdés jegyében. Művelődés- és társadalomtörténeti mélyfúrások a protestáns kultúrrégiók összehasonlító történeti elemzéséhez (16–19. század) címet viselő kutatási projekt támogatta. Kiadványa a Szilágyi Református Egyházmegye klérusának egy szignifikáns szeletét, a külföldi akadémiákat látogatott lelkipásztorokat vizsgálja a traktus 16. századi létrejöttétől annak az 1821-es egyházigazgatási átszervezéssel járó megszüntetéséig. A Szerző munkája az addig megjelent lelkészi, illetve peregrinációs adatbázisok és gyülekezettörténeti kiadványok mellett számos levéltári forrás (egyházmegyei protokollumok, vizitációs iratok, parciális zsinati jegyzőkönyvek, összeírások) kitartó feldolgozásának eredménye. Ebben segítette szilágysági kötődéséből, a jelen művet megelőző kutatásokból és közlésekből (lásd többek között a szilágyi egyházmegye 1683. évi kegyszerösszeírását vagy lelkészeinek legkorábbi névsorát) adódó alapos helyismerete és szaktudása. Kiadványa nem kis feladatot vállalt, hiszen a szilágyi egyházmegye területén annak történetföldrajzi sajátosságaiból fakadóan két vármegye osztozott, illetve tiszántúli egyházkerületi betagolódása ellenére az erdélyi egyházigazgatásnak is érdekszféráját képezte, ami a traktus belső dinamikájában is egyéni törésvonalakat idézett elő. Amint erre Zsigmond Attila is rámutatott, ez nem csupán a belső és külső viszonyrendszerekben járt tartós feszültségekkel, hanem a kutatás számára is többirányú elmélyültséget, szerteágazó forrásfeltárást igényelt, amit a traktuális levéltár iratanyagának korábbi szétszóródása tovább fokozott.
[1] Köblös József – Kránitz Lajos (szerk.) (2018): A Dunántúli Református Egyházkerület prédikátorai és rektorai II. 1761–1849. Pápa: Pápai Református Gyűjtemények. (A Pápai Református Gyűjtemények Kiadványai. Forrásközlések 15–16.).
[2] Köblös József – Kránitz Lajos (szerk.) (2009): A Dunántúli Református Egyházkerület prédikátorai és rektorai I. 1526–1760. Pápa: Pápai Református Gyűjtemények. (A Pápai Református Gyűjtemények Kiadványai. Forrásközlések 10.).
[3] Tömösközi Ferenc (2022): Az Ige erejével. Lelkészi életrajzok és adattár Gömörtől a keleti határig. Komárom: Selye János Egyetem Református Teológiai Kar.
[4] Emődi András (2018): Az Érmelléki Református Egyházmegye történeti névtára 1849-ig. Debrecen: Tiszántúli Református Egyházkerület Levéltára. (Editiones Archivi Districtus Reformatorum Transtibiscani XXV.)
RĂSPUNSUL PRINȚULUI VLADIMIR GHIKA LA NOTA AMERICANĂ CU PRIVIRE LA EVREII DIN ROMÂNIA (1902)
Get PDFPrince Vladimir Ghika’s Response to the American Note Regarding the Jews in Romania (1902). In this paper we focus on the American note, sent on 11 August, by the State Secretary of United States of America, John Milton Hay to the U.S. ambassadors in London, Paris, Berlin, Rome, St. Petersburg, Vienna, and Constantinople. Through this act, John Hay condemned Romania’s attitude towards Jews, who were forced to emigrate. In this context, we paid attention to the answer given by the prince Vladimir Ghika.
Cuvinte-cheie: John Hay, evrei, Tratatul de la Berlin, emigrare, Vladimir Ghik
CREȘTINISMUL ȘI TENSIUNEA DINTRE „CHEMAREA TRIBULUI” ȘI FASCINAȚIA UNIVERSALITĂȚII
Get PDFChristianity and the Tension Between the “Call of the Tribe” and the Fascination of Universality. The identity of the individual is given in the tension between the particular and the universal, tension taken over by the political organizations of human communities that favoured either the local component (the city-state) or the universal component (the empire). Modernity, influenced by Christianity, affirmed the connection between the individual and the universal and, in opposition to the Church, proposed a new model of organization, liberal secular democracy, based on universal rights of the individual. After the second half of the twentieth century, in the name of individual freedom, democracies increasingly adopted axiological neutral liberalism, but this diluted individuals\u27 belonging to a community and led to persistent identity confusion. After the confrontations of the beginning of modernity, Christianity and science find themselves in a post-secular era in which they can complement each other to overcome the identity confusion of society by reconfiguring the balance between the individual and the universal and inserting value.
Cuvinte-cheie: limită, individual, universal, comunitate, identitate colectivă, creștinism, stat, libertate, neutralitate axiologică, dialog
ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣYΝΗ ȘI TERMINOLOGIA AFERENTĂ. O LECTURĂ PNEUMATOLOGICĂ
Get PDFΔικαιοσύνη and Related Terms. A Pneumatological Reading. The theological theme of the Epistle to the Galatians is justification, pointing to the intrinsic filial relationship between us and Christ. The promise of the Holy Spirit is the ground of our belief in Christ. The justification through faith anticipates this promise as well. Pneumatology is one of the important keys of systematic and hermeneutic interpretation of the significance and Paulin meaning of justification, and also an exegetic premise.
Cuvinte-cheie: lege, promisiune, justificare, credință, Spiritul Sfânt, har, Epistola către Galaten
EX VIVO EXPERIMENTAL AND SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF URINARY STONE DISSOLUTION BY EL-MAATYA SPRING WATER: A MULTI-ANALYTICAL APPROACH
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ABSTRACT. El-Maatya spring water, sourced from Algeria, is locally esteemed for its therapeutic attributes and has undergone scientific scrutiny to evaluate its litholytic potential on urinary calculi. Thorough physicochemical and microbiological assessments were performed to analyze its composition and ensure its safety. The microbiological evaluation yielded excellent results, demonstrating an absence of coliforms, E. coli, and streptococci, thereby affirming the water\u27s sanitary integrity. Spectroscopic techniques, including UV and FTIR, were employed to ascertain the composition of the urinary stones, primarily consisting of calcium oxalate and uric acid. Ex vivo dissolution experiments indicated a markedly elevated rate of mass loss in uric acid stones when compared to calcium oxalate stones, which exhibited negligible solubility—underscoring the selective efficacy of the water. Microscopic examinations revealed significant morphological changes in the structure of the calculi following exposure. Finally, a survey involving 241 participants corroborated the favorable perception of El-Maatya water regarding urinary health, thereby reinforcing its traditional utilization
Early Intervention in the Recovery of Psychomotor Developmental Disorders in Preterm Infants – A Systematic Review Analysis –
Get PDFIntroduction: Preterm birth remains a major public health issue, being closely associated with a higher risk of psychomotor developmental disorders. Early physiotherapy interventions play a crucial role in supporting motor and cognitive development during the critical period of the first two years of life, with the potential to reduce long-term disability. Aim: The aim of this paper was to analyze and highlight the impact of early intervention in the recovery of psychomotor developmental disorders in preterm infants, through a systematic review of recent literature. Materials and Methods: This study is based on a systematic analysis of 20 scientific articles published between 2015 and 2025, identified using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Sci-Hub. Results: Individualized and multidisciplinary early interventions were found to be effective in improving motor, cognitive, and sensory development in preterm infants. Family-centered programs, therapies started during hospitalization or shortly after discharge, and combined interventions (such as sensory stimulation, infant massage, passive exercises, and hydrotherapy) led to significant developmental progress. Additionally, observational studies confirmed that preterm infants exhibit significant motor delays compared to full-term infants. Conclusion: The reviewed literature supports the effectiveness of early physiotherapy interventions in the recovery of preterm infants and emphasizes the need to implement such programs in Romanian clinical practice. Active family involvement, early initiation, and personalized approaches are essential to optimizing developmental outcomes in pre-term babies.
Article history: Received 2025 July 27; Revised 2025 October 08; Accepted 2025 October 23;Available online 2025 November 20; Available print 2025 November 3
NETWORK OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM APPLICABLE FOR BREAST CANCER SCREENING COST MINIMIZATION
Get PDFWe investigate the problem of breast cancer screening optimization, using various techniques applicable in domains where the data format is not defined in advance. The aim is to minimize the cost related to the screening of patients while maximizing the beneficial effect of the process regarding some key breast cancer indices. Our model can be easily adjusted to other similar network optimization tasks where a goal function has to be minimized across a geographical surface. We present the problem’s key similarities to the Travelling Salesman Problem and underline the fact why we choose a deterministic algorithm compared to a Simulated Annealing-based solution. Furthermore, we present the usefulness of the Elastic Stack regarding this application and offer a concrete solution to the problem defined by our generated dataset, respecting the European data distributions in this domain.
2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 91-04, 91-08.1998 CR Categories and Descriptors. G.1.6 [Optimization]: Subtopic – Simulated annealing G.1.6 [Optimization]: Subtopic – Constrained optimization
BREAKING BARRIERS IN MUSIC: DIVERSITY, INCLUSION, AND SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS
Get PDFThis paper focuses on issues that have to do with the inclusion of students with Special Education Needs (SEN) in higher music education institutions (HMEIs). It addresses an examination of fundamental conceptual delimitations and shares information about the objectives, Work Packages from the IncluMusic European Project. In addition, it also presents the experiences, viewpoints and recommendations of three focus group interviews with a selected group of professionals from Cyprus and Romania, who have rich experience in teaching music and other subjects in all levels of education, from primary school to university
MΦ macrophage – N0 neutrophil dialogue in the presence of TNF-α affects the endothelium
Get PDFTumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) plays a pivotal role in the bi-directional dialogue between macrophages and neutrophils during the pre- and post- lesional stages of atherogenesis. This pro-inflammatory cytokine orchestrates a complex interplay between these immune cells, leading to the activation and recruitment of additional leukocytes, and the modulation of endothelial cell function, which collectively drive plaque formation and progression. Elevated levels of TNF-α result in the upregulation of adhesion molecules on the surface of endothelial cells. The cross-talk between macrophages and neutrophils, mediated by TNF-α, also leads to the release of soluble factors that have profound effects on the endothelium. Notably, these factors induce endothelial cell apoptosis via mechanisms involving caspase-3 activation, further contributing to the dysfunction and eventual denudation of the endothelial layer, a hallmark of atherogenesis. At molecular level, TNF-α exposure significantly upregulates the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in macrophages, including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and the activation of key signaling pathways such as the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK). This bi-directional dialogue not only sustains chronic inflammation, but also amplifies the pathogenic processes underlying atherosclerosis, suggesting that targeting TNF-α and its downstream effects could represent a therapeutic strategy to mitigate disease progression. In this study, we aimed at investigating the dialogue between macrophages and unpolarized neutrophils, by assessing the biomarkers leading to cells activation and their differentiation towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype. The effects of TNF-α were explored in the context of inflammation in the arterial wall, for a better understating of atherogenesis. The study results indicated a low intensity inflammatory response, characterized by the up-regulation of key molecules involved in cell signaling for differentiation towards an inflammatory phenotype but not in the production of significant amounts of cytokines and enzymes.
Article history: Received 31 March 2025; Revised 28 May 2025;Accepted 29 May 2025; Available online 25 June 202
The Restoration of the Monarchy: A Topic of the Romanian Presidential Elections of 1990, 1992, and 1996
Get PDFFollowing the anti-communist revolution in Romania in December 1989, the newly-established government was preoccupied with facilitating an expeditious institutional transition and securing public legitimacy. Consequently, the inaugural elections were scheduled to take place within a mere six months following the collapse of the communist regime. The 1990 election campaign included debates about the economic model that the country should adopt, the orientation of foreign policy, and so forth. However, it also encompassed related themes, which were proposed mainly by the neo-communist power. These included the possibility of restoring the monarchy, the intention of the historical parties to return to the interwar model of society, the restitution of land to former landowners, and revenge against the several million Romanians who had been members of the communist party. A particularly noteworthy topic, including from a symbolic perspective, was the status of the former King Michael I. This study aims to analyse the manner in which this campaign theme was utilised in the 1990, 1992, and 1996 elections, the objective for which it was advanced, the defensive and responsive mechanisms employed, and the extent to which it influenced the outcome of the vote. In order to reach a conclusion, this study draws on the research of historians and political analysts, as well as newspapers from the period in question.
Rezumat: După Revoluția anticomunistă care a avut loc în România în decembrie 1989, noua putere a fost preocupată de realizarea unei tranziții cât mai rapide din punct de vedere instituțional, astfel că primele alegeri au fost programate la mai puțin de șase luni de la căderea regimului comunist. Campania electorală din 1990 a inclus dezbateri despre modelul economic pe care țara trebuia să îl adopte, despre orientarea politicii externe etc., dar și teme conexe, propuse mai ales de puterea neocomunistă, precum posibilitatea restaurării monarhiei, intenția partidelor istorice de a reveni la modelul societății interbelice, retrocedarea pământurilor către foștii moșieri, răzbunarea împotriva celor câteva milioane de români care au fost membri ai Partidului Comunist. Un subiect care s-a evidențiat, inclusiv la nivel simbolic, a fost cel referitor la statutul fostului rege Mihai I, iar cercetarea de față își propune să analizeze modul în care această temă de campanie a fost utilizată în cadrul alegerilor din 1990, 1992 și 1996, scopul pentru care a fost promovată, care au fost mecanismele de apărare sau de răspuns, respectiv în ce mod a influențat rezultatul votului. Pentru a ajunge la o concluzie, vom face apel la cercetările unor istorici și analiști politici, precum și la ziarele perioadei.
Cuvinte-cheie: monarhie, republică, alegeri, post-comunism, politic