Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai
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Studying Small Medieval Communities in the Light of the Historiographical Revival of the Commons. The Case of Saint-Rémy-de-Provence (13th-mid 14th-century)
Get PDFCommons, either collective rights or common goods, were seen for a long time as archaism, and compelled to disappear. The French Annales school shows great interest in the long-term evolution of collective rights, i.e. grazing and wood cutting. In recent decades, common goods have been reinterpreted and re-evaluated. In medieval history, Italian historiography has entered a fruitful dialogue with the modernists to place commons in a long-term perspective, to study how they were created, managed and evolved, and to show their fundamental role in the history and functioning of communities, considering the contributions of other social sciences under the influence of Anglo-American research. The small medieval community of Saint-Rémy-de-Provence gives a well-documented case study. After presenting the collective rights seen by French historiography, this article shows how the community tried to regulate them between 1290 and 1350. Then, to understand the common good of this Provençal community, a swamp bought under emphyteusis, the Italian historiography gives important leads. Commons were progressively restrained by the community, excluding foreigners: this change favoured agricultural activities at the expense of grazing. Leaving the hand of the Count of Provence, common goods were appropriated by the community, through private ownership.
Rezumat: Comunalitățile, fie că este vorba de drepturi colective sau de bunuri comune, au fost considerate mult timp ca fiind arhaice și condamnate să dispară. Școala franceză Annales manifestă un mare interes pentru evoluția pe termen lung a drepturilor colective, adică pășunatul și tăierea lemnului. În ultimele decenii, bunurile comune au fost reinterpretate și reevaluate. În istoria medievală, istoriografia italiană a intrat într-un dialog fructuos cu moderniștii pentru a plasa bunurile comune într-o perspectivă pe termen lung, pentru a studia modul în care au fost create, gestionate și au evoluat și pentru a arăta rolul lor fundamental în istoria și funcționarea comunităților, luând în considerare contribuțiile altor științe sociale sub influența cercetării anglo-americane. Mica comunitate medievală din Saint-Rémy-de-Provence oferă un studiu de caz bine documentat. După prezentarea drepturilor colective conform istoriografiei franceze, acest articol arată cum respectiva comunitate a încercat să le reglementeze între 1290 și 1350. Apoi, pentru a înțelege bunul comun al acestei comunități provensale, o mlaștină cumpărată în emfiteuză, istoriografia italiană oferă indicii importante. Bunurile comune au fost restricționate progresiv de comunitate, excluzând străinii: această schimbare a favorizat activitățile agricole în detrimentul pășunatului. Părăsind mâna contelui de Provence, bunurile comune au fost însușite de comunitate, prin proprietate privată.
Cuvinte cheie: Agricultură; Anale; Bunuri comune; Comunități; Epoca Medievală; Istoriografie
Documentary Films with Ecclesiastical Themes in the Works of Pavel Constantinescu Ben-Iosef from the “Alexandru Sahia” Studio
Get PDFPavel Constantinescu Ben-Iosef (1922-1997), a film director of Jewish origin, lived a life as captivating as his films. In his youth, he was an activist in the Zionist organization “Dror Poalei Țion”. Later on, embracing communist beliefs and dreaming of justice, happiness, equality and human dignity, he volunteered for the Soviet army, eventually becoming an officer. Upon returning to Romania, he held the position of commander at the Bumbești-Livezeni National Construction Site and he continued his studies in film directing at V.G.I.K. in Moscow, Soviet Union. He had the privilege to direct films even in distant countries, including America in the 1970s, and served as a war correspondent in the Vietnam War. He also held numerous significant positions in the Romanian administration.
With such origins, beliefs and social position, the following question arises: why did Pavel Constantinescu become one of the few directors from the Sahia Studio who explored ecclesiastical themes, particularly at a time when films on religious subjects were generally viewed with skepticism by the authorities? (even though his films focused solely on the artistic value of churches, rather than their spirituality or religious purpose).
In our article, we aim to investigate three essential questions related to the proposed theme. Firstly, how was he able to produce so many films centered around church art during the period of 1964-1968? Secondly, what was the director\u27s personal motivation behind creating these films? Lastly, we will delve into the factors contributing to the high aesthetic quality of his works and their significance within the production of the “Alexandru Sahia” Studio.
Rezumat: Pavel Constantinescu Ben-Iosef (1922-1997), regizor de origine evreiască, a trăit o viață la fel de captivantă ca filmele sale. În tinerețe a fost activist al organizației sioniste „Dror Poalei Țion”; ulterior, adoptând convingeri comuniste și visând la dreptate, fericire, egalitate și demnitate umană, s-a înrolat voluntar în armata sovietică, ajungând ofițer. După întoarcerea în România, a deținut funcția de comandant al Șantierului Național Bumbești-Livezeni și a continuat cu studii de regie de film în cadrul V.G.I.K. din Moscova, Uniunea Sovietică. A avut privilegiul de a regiza filme chiar și în țări îndepărtate, inclusiv în America anilor ’70, a fost corespondent de război în conflictul din Vietnam, a ocupat numeroase și importante poziții în administrația românească.
Având astfel de origini, convingeri și poziție socială, devine pertinentă întrebarea următoare: de ce tocmai el, într-o perioadă în care filmele cu tematică bisericească erau în general privite cu reticență de către autorități, s-a numărat printre puținii regizori de la Studioul Sahia care au explorat aceste teme? (chiar dacă filmele sale se concentrau doar asupra valorii artistice a bisericilor, nu și asupra spiritualității sau destinației religioase a acestora).
În cadrul articolului de față ne propunem să investigăm trei întrebări esențiale pentru tema propusă: în primul rând, cum a reușit să producă atât de multe filme axate pe arta bisericească în perioada 1964-1968; în al doilea rând, care a fost motivația personală a regizorului pentru realizarea acestor filme; și, în final, care au fost factorii care au contribuit la înalta calitate estetică a operelor sale și care a fost importanța lor în producția Studioului „Alexandru Sahia”.
Cuvinte cheie: Pavel Constantinescu, Sahia, filme documentare, V.G.I.K. Moscova
Navigating the Middle Ground: The Necessity of Middle Films for Audience Engagement in Romania
Get PDFIn the contemporary digital landscape, audiovisual consumption patterns and film marketing strategies have undergone significant transformations, strongly influenced by the proliferation of social media and streaming platforms. Audiences now engage intensively with personalized and interactive content across diverse digital channels, prompting distributors to rethink traditional marketing approaches. Particularly in territories like Romania – categorized by the EU as low-capacity in film production – the lack of middlebrow cinema that effectively bridges artistic and commercial appeal poses substantial challenges. Historically dominated by internationally acclaimed auteur films, the Romanian industry now confronts a critical disconnect with local audiences, who perceive these films as inaccessible and overly intellectual. Conversely, influencer-driven commercial films have surged in popularity but frequently compromise artistic quality, highlighting the urgent need for balanced “middle” productions. Drawing on expert insights from leading Romanian film professionals and case studies of recent local successes such as Două lozuri (Two Lottery Tickets) and Anul Nou care n-a fost (The New Year That Never Came), this paper analyses innovative marketing campaigns leveraging targeted social media strategies, influencer engagement, and community-driven promotional efforts. It argues that developing middlebrow cinema accompanied by sophisticated digital marketing can enhance audience diversity, support sustainable growth of the Romanian film industry, and reconnect domestic viewers with locally produced content, bridging the persistent gap between international critical acclaim and genuine public interest
Acoustics and Musical Phenomenology: A Symbiosis Between Science and Conscious Perception
Get PDFAcoustics and musical phenomenology are like two sides of the same coin. The former analyzes the objective structure of sound, while the latter explores how this structure becomes alive in human consciousness. Together, they help us understand why music is so profound, not only because it is an impressive physical phenomenon but because, through sound, it reaches the deepest levels of our consciousness
INTERTEXTUAL DIALOGUE IN PARERGON ZUR SYMPHONIA DOMESTICA BY RICHARD STRAUSS. REFLECTIONS ON 100 YEARS OF MUSICAL HERITAGE
Get PDFIn the 20th century, as war injuries profoundly affected the future of many young individuals including musicians, a new image of the performing artist emerged: the one-handed pianist. An urgent need arose for a new keyboard repertoire, resulting in the creation of piano literature for left hand and orchestra. 2025 marks one hundred years since the completion and premiere of Parergon zur Symphonia Domestica, op. 73, Richard Strauss’s first piano concerto for the left hand. Commissioned by the one-armed Austrian pianist Paul Wittgenstein, the resultant work drew attention for its distinctive title, referencing Strauss’s autobiographical tone poem written twenty-two years prior. By virtue of its title, Strauss’s op. 73 implies that its meaning is not inherent to the work itself, but rather shaped by its connection to Symphonia Domestica, engaging in an intertextual dialogue with it. The purpose of this article is to highlight the relationship between the new composition and its original model, by examining how the borrowed musical material was integrated and transformed in Parergon, with old musical ideas reshaped and given new expressions
UTILISING MUSIC AND ART FOR EDUCATIONAL IMPACT AND HOLISTIC PERSONAL GROWTH
Get PDFThe educational sector actively uses arts and music because these disciplines help develop students’ emotional health, creativity, and social aptitude. Studying these concepts becomes more important because students face rising stress levels while technology creates new educational possibilities. The present research evaluates how art programmes affect student psycho-emotional wellness, social adjustment, and personal competence formation. The research design integrates quantitative and qualitative approaches that employ questionnaires, pedagogical experiments, structured observations, and content analysis. The study reveals how the educational implementation of painting and music creates important benefits by lowering student anxiety while fostering emotional competence and enhancing conversational abilities. Results indicate that music education programmes providing emotional healthcare within comfortable learning spaces show the most effective outcomes. Interactive art classes also contributed to developing cooperation and interpersonal communication skills. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of adapting art programmes to different educational contexts and using the latest technologies to optimise them. Further research can be aimed at studying the long-term impact of art programmes, their integration with digital technologies, and the development of innovative pedagogical approaches aimed at harmonious personal development
SCHOENBERG AND NONO. COMPOSITION IN CONFLICT WITH IDEOLOGY AND WAR
Get PDFIn the bloody twentieth century, both Arnold Schoenberg and Luigi Nono were faced with various political, sometimes quite toxic ideologies; during their lifetimes, both composers had to experience the devastating impact of wars, with Schoenberg additionally becoming a victim of anti-Semitic Nazism. The central question of this article will be how these circumstances influenced their personal lives and were reflected in their musical works, thematically covering a period from the beginning of the First World War to the various revolutionary ideologies of the late 1960s
LINKING PERFORMANCE WITH SUSTAINABILITY IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Get PDFLinking university performance to sustainability is possible through the university’s third mission: environmental responsibility. To better understand the concepts, practices and challenges of sustainability, the role of literature is crucial; therefore, this paper reviews the existing literature on academic performance and sustainability using a bibliometric analysis for articles published in the Web of Science database between 2009 and 2023. This research intends to contribute to recent stream of research on sustainability implementation by identifying the relationship between performance and sustainability in university missions. To date, there have been only a few bibliometric analyses the relationship between performance and sustainability in the public higher education sector. However, no one has discussed the perspective of the link between performance and sustainability through the university mission, and this research intends to fill this gap. The results show that in the last three years, the interest in performance and sustainability has led to an increase of up to 66% in articles on sustainability and performance in the public university system. Spain appears to be the main contributor to the research articles related to the area of interest. Research in the public university system on concepts related to sustainability and performance is still at an early stage, yet has seen considerable progress over the past few years.
JEL classification: A11; O20; Q01.
Article History: Received: 21 March 2025; Reviewed: 28 April 2025; Accepted: 30 May 2025; Available online: 27 June 2025
L’anthropologie tripartite d’Origène
Get PDFOrigen’s Tripartite Anthropology. Beginning with the definition of the human being as composed of body, soul, and spirit, this study aims to highlight Christian anthropology through the lens of Origen’s thought. As a reader of the Holy Scriptures, the Alexandrian tried to shed light on the tripartite nature of the human being as a distinctive mark of Christianity. In doing so, he positions himself in contrast to the Platonic perspective. Whereas bipartite anthropology focuses attention on the body-soul relationship through the soul’s life-giving function, in the tripartite approach, the human pneuma plays a decisive role. It is the essential and vital element that accounts for the individual and personal dimension of the human being, created by God and redeemed by Christ, the incarnate Word, whose dual nature (human and divine) becomes the principle through which the unified dimension of the human person is redefined
CAREER ANCHORS REIMAGINED: EXPERTISE, STABILITY AND RECOGNITION IN STRUCTURED ORGANIZATIONAL FIELDS
Get PDFThis article explores how professionals in a multinational IT company construct career identities that intertwine ambition, recognition, and stability—challenging dominant models that equate ambition with autonomy and instability. Drawing on a sequential exploratory mixed-methods design—48 qualitative interviews and a survey of 764 employees—it identifies “expertise” as a distinct career anchor defined not merely by technical skill, but by internal recognition, symbolic legitimacy, and trusted authority. Quantitative validation through factor analysis confirmed a revised nine-anchor model, with widespread hybrid identities (e.g., expertise + lifestyle, expertise + security) emerging as normative, not transitional. The article reframes security not as passivity but as an entitlement earned through excellence. Interpreted through a career field and habitus lens, these findings reposition career anchors as relational identity positions shaped by organizational recognition regimes, symbolic capital, and contextual fit. The study contributes a grounded critique of protean and boundaryless career models, proposing an alternative understanding of stability, ambition, and growth in contemporary structured work environments