Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai
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Cantopop Renewed: Identity Politics in Post-2019 Hong Kong and the Rise of Mirror
Get PDFPost-2019, Hong Kong has witnessed an increased interest in Cantopop. While the genre peaked in the 1980s and 1990s, pop music sung in the local language became popular again, as seen in the rise of the band Mirror. As political upheaval after the protests restricts political expression through selective depoliticization, this paper argues that the resurgence of Cantopop is indicative of a growing interest in local expression and the protection of local identity. By interviewing ten Hongkongers, the paper argues that Mirror’s success lies at the intersection of local identity, consumer culture, and pan-East-Asian cultural trends
Study on Stress Management in Sport Organizations
Get PDFOrganizational stress significantly influences athletic performance, especially in high-stakes sports environments. This study investigates perceived stress among high-performance basketball athletes, both foreign and Romanian, male and female, aged 18–30, affiliated with national and international clubs. Objectives: The primary objective of this research was to assess athletes’ perceived stress using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) and to classify stress levels into low, moderate, and high categories. Materials and Methods: The study employed a quantitative design, distributing the PSS-14 via Google Forms to a sample of 50 athletes. The scale consists of 14 items measuring emotional and cognitive stress experiences over the past month, scored on a five-point Likert scale. Data were collected securely and anonymously, with results processed using descriptive statistics and visualized through individual-level and item-based graphs. Results: The findings indicated that most athletes experience moderate levels of stress. Item-specific responses revealed the highest stress associated with the inability to control important things, feelings of anger, and difficulties coping. Differences between the first and second group of 25 athletes showed minor fluctuations in item responses. Conclusions: These findings highlight the prevalence of moderate perceived stress among performance basketball players. Addressing psychological stress through targeted interventions—such as resilience training, mental skills development, and psychosocial support—may enhance individual well-being and athletic performance. Regular monitoring using validated tools like PSS-14 can inform personalized strategies within sports organizations.
REZUMAT. Studiu privind managementul stresului în cadrul organizațiilor sportive. Această cercetare a vizat evaluarea nivelului de stres perceput în rândul sportivilor de performanță practicanți ai baschetului, activând atât în cadrul organizațiilor sportive din România, cât și din străinătate. Studiul a fost fundamentat pe aplicarea Scalei Percepute de Stres – PSS-14 (Cohen & Williamson, 1988), un instrument validat științific, recunoscut pentru eficiența sa în măsurarea stresului cotidian. Obiective: Obiectivul principal al lucrării a fost identificarea nivelului de stres în rândul baschetbaliștilor de performanță, diferențierea acestuia pe trei paliere (scăzut, mediu și ridicat), precum și analiza factorilor potențial asociați cu manifestarea acestuia în mediul competițional. Materiale și Metode: Cercetarea a fost desfășurată la data de 26 mai 2023, pe un eșantion de 50 de sportivi (bărbați și femei, cu vârste între 18–30 de ani), prin completarea online a chestionarului PSS-14, utilizând platforma Google Forms. Rezultatele au fost centralizate și interpretate cu ajutorul unei baze de date Excel, iar analiza a fost realizată prin metode descriptive. Rezultate: 66% dintre sportivi au prezentat un nivel mediu de stres perceput, 22% un nivel ridicat, iar doar 12% un nivel scăzut. Cele mai ridicate scoruri s-au înregistrat la itemii privind lipsa controlului și suprasolicitarea, în timp ce itemii pozitivi (autoeficacitate și capacitate de adaptare) au obținut scoruri sub 40% din totalul posibil. Nu s-au constatat diferențe semnificative între sexe, însă sportivii străini au raportat cu 8% mai multe simptome de stres ridicat decât cei autohtoni. Aceste rezultate subliniază necesitatea implementării unor strategii adaptative eficiente pentru menținerea performanței sportive. Analiza grafică a evidențiat variații notabile între itemi, indicând prezența unor factori specifici de stres, cum ar fi incertitudinea |competițională, presiunea performanței, relațiile interpersonale sau solicitările cognitive și afective. Rezultatele sugerează necesitatea intervențiilor de tip preventiv și al sprijinului psihologic în cadrul organizațiilor sportive, pentru a menține echilibrul psiho-emoțional al sportivilor. Concluzii: Studiul subliniază importanța monitorizării sistematice a stresului la sportivii de performanță și implementarea unor strategii adecvate de gestionare psihologică a acestuia. Intervențiile personalizate și susținerea din partea echipei tehnice pot contribui semnificativ la reducerea impactului stresului și la optimizarea performanței sportive.
Cuvinte-cheie: stres perceput, sportivi de performanță, organizații sportive, sănătate mintală, mecanisme de adaptare psihologică
Article history: Received 2025 June 06; Revised 2025 July 01; Accepted 2025 July 29; Available online 2025 July 30; Available print 2025 August 3
Role of the Educational Manager in High Schools in Cluj-Napoca as Centres of Excellence in the Local Community
Get PDFThe Role of the Educational Manager in High Schools in Cluj-Napoca as Centers of Excellence in the Local Community. Educational management oversees the education system to ensure an effective learning environment by planning, organizing, coordinating, and controlling activities such as leading staff, managing resources, implementing policies, and engaging with the community. Educational leaders develop strategies to enhance programs and services, aiming to produce competent graduates ready for the workforce and significant societal roles, thereby improving the overall education system. Objective: This study explores high schools’ vision and mission, the educational manager’s role in shaping future competencies, and the strengths each institution promotes. It also examines the importance of parental involvement in education. The findings provide insights into strategic educational leadership and its impact on student development and institutional excellence. Materials and Methods: This study involved 10 directors (educational managers) selected from a total of 26 high schools in Cluj-Napoca. The data collection method chosen was structured interviews conducted based on a personal data processing agreement. The study was conducted from February to April 2023. Results: Highlighting the role of high schools as centers of excellence in the local community, this investigation can contribute to strengthening the connection between educational institutions and the surrounding community. It can promote collaboration, parental involvement, and community engagement in supporting and developing high schools. The results and conclusions of the investigation can provide valuable information for the development of educational policies at the local or regional level. They can serve as a foundation for the development of strategies and measures to support the development of high schools as centers of excellence and improve the quality of education. Conclusion: This investigation contributes to the field of education research by providing new knowledge and understanding of the role of the educational manager in high schools in Cluj-Napoca. It can inspire and stimulate further research and studies in the field of educational management and excellence in education.
REZUMAT. Rolul managerului educațional în liceele din Cluj-Napoca ca centre de excelență în comunitatea locală. Managementul educațional supraveghează sistemul educațional pentru a asigura un mediu de învățare eficient prin planificarea, organizarea, coordonarea și controlul activităților precum conducerea personalului, gestionarea resurselor, implementarea politicilor și implicarea comunității. Liderii educaționali dezvoltă strategii pentru a îmbunătăți programele și serviciile, având ca scop formarea de absolvenți competenți, pregătiți pentru forța de muncă și roluri semnificative în societate, îmbunătățind astfel sistemul educațional în ansamblu. Obiective: Acest studiu investighează rolul managerului educațional în liceele din Cluj-Napoca pentru a le integra ca centre de excelență în comunitatea locală. Materiale și metode: Acest studiu a implicat 10 manageri educaționali selectați dintr-un total de 26 de licee din Cluj-Napoca. Metoda de colectare a datelor aleasă a fost interviurile structurate, desfășurate pe baza unui acord de prelucrare a datelor personale. Studiul a fost realizat în perioada februarie-aprilie 2023. Rezultate: Prin evidențierea rolului liceelor ca centre de excelență în comunitatea locală, această investigație poate contribui la întărirea legăturii dintre instituțiile educaționale și comunitatea înconjurătoare. Poate promova colaborarea, implicarea părinților și angajamentul comunității în sprijinirea și dezvoltarea liceelor. Rezultatele și concluziile investigației pot oferi informații valoroase pentru dezvoltarea politicilor educaționale la nivel local sau regional. Ele pot servi drept bază pentru dezvoltarea strategiilor și măsurilor de sprijinire a dezvoltării liceelor ca centre de excelență și pentru îmbunătățirea calității educației. Concluzie: Această investigație contribuie la domeniul cercetării în educație, oferind noi cunoștințe și înțelegere a rolului managerului educațional în liceele din Cluj-Napoca. Poate inspira și stimula cercetări și studii ulterioare în domeniul managementului educațional și al excelenței în educație.
Cuvinte-cheie: management, leadership, comunitate, competențe cheie, viitorul educației
Article history: Received 2025 April 03.; Revised 2025 June 30; Accepted 2025 July 04; Available online 2025 July 30; Available print 2025 August 3
Constraints and Failures in Bucharest During the German Administration (1916-1918) as Reflected Within the Romanian Memoirs
Get PDFBeyond the classic relations between the occupier and the occupied, the German occupation of the Kingdom of Romania during the Great War implied an interesting cohabitation between two nations which, until the conflict, had practically nothing to quarrel about. Various aspects of this cohabitation can be identified and analysed using the Romanian memoirs, whose authors have presented, in a specific manner, the period in question. Through this text, we attempt to provide an overview of the relations between the German occupation administration and the population of Bucharest, as they emerge from the Romanian memoirs of the time.
Rezumat: Ocupaţia germană a Regatului României în timpul Marelui Război a presupus, dincolo de clasicele raporturi dintre ocupant şi ocupat, o interesantă coabitare între două popoare care, până în timpul conflictului, nu avuseseră nimic de împărţit. Diverse aspecte ale acestei coabitări pot fi identificate şi analizate prin parcurgerea textelor memorialistice româneşti, ai căror autori au prezentat, în manieră specifică, perioada respectivă. Prin intermediul acestui text, încercăm să oferim o privire de ansamblu asupra raporturilor dintre administraţia germană de ocupaţie şi populaţia Bucureştilor, aşa cum reies acestea din scrierile memorialistice româneşti ale epocii.
Cuvinte-cheie: Primul Război Mondial, Regatul României, ocupație germană, greutăți, scrieri memorialistic
Historians and Politics: Hussite Warfare (1419–1434) in Czech Historiography (1850–1960)
Get PDFThe article outlines the historiographical context of the now-standard narrative regarding the genesis of Hussite warfare. František Palacký (1798-1876), the founding father of Czech historiography, formed the core of this narrative by focusing on the role of Jan Žižka of Trocnov (ca. 1360–1424), a genius military commander of the radical Taborite faction of Hussites. Žižka allegedly created an unprecedented way of war based on wagons and early firearms, advancing the art of war. Within the context of this narrative, Palacký also created a dichotomy between the military forces of the progressive Hussites and the conservative “feudal” crusaders. The paper further stresses the role of Czechoslovak Marxist historians of the 1950s, in particular Jan Durdík. The latter evolved Palacký’s thesis by stretching the dichotomy between crusaders and Hussites even further, in accordance with the political convictions of the day. Žižka’s army and other Hussite forces, whose military culture exhibited many commonalities with their enemies, were transformed into heralds of proto-communist ideals. The paper thus concludes that while the traditional narrative on Hussite warfare has its merits, it’s flawed by the politico-ideological motivations of its creators. Concomitantly, a holistic reevaluation of Hussite wars from an unbiased military-historical perspective is still a desideratum.
Rezumat: Articolul prezintă contextul istoriografic al narațiunii standard actuale privind geneza războiului hussit. František Palacký (1798-1876), părintele fondator al istoriografiei cehe a constituit nucleul acestei narațiuni, concentrându-se asupra rolului lui Jan Žižka din Trocnov (c. 1360–1424), un comandant militar al facțiunii radicale taborite a husiților. Žižka ar fi creat o modalitate de război fără precedent, bazată pe căruțe și arme de foc primitive, contribuind la progresul artei războiului. În contextul acestei narațiuni, Palacký a creat, de asemenea, o dihotomie între forțele militare ale husiților progresiști și cruciații conservatori „feudali”. Lucrarea subliniază în continuare rolul istoricilor marxiști cehoslovaci din anii 1950, în special al lui Jan Durdík. Acesta din urmă a dezvoltat teza lui Palacký, extinzând și mai mult dihotomia dintre cruciați și husiți, în conformitate cu convingerile politice ale vremii. Armata lui Žižka și alte forțe hussite, a căror cultură militară prezenta multe similitudini cu cea a inamicilor lor, au fost transformate în vestitori ai idealurilor proto-comuniste. Lucrarea concluzionează astfel că, deși narațiunea tradițională despre războaiele hussite are meritele sale, ea este viciată de motivațiile politico-ideologice ale creatorilor săi. În același timp, o reevaluare holistică a războaielor husite dintr-o perspectivă militar-istorică imparțială rămâne în continuare un deziderat.
Cuvinte cheie: condamnări politice; husiți; istoriografie; război mondial
Une écologie de l’illusion : technologies et scénographie dans la redéfinition des relations entre humains et non-humains
Get PDFThis article develops a research I presented at the Technologies symposium of the Prague Quadrennial 2024, an international event dedicated to exploring the relationship between technologies and scenography in live performance and exhibition. My presentation, entitled An Ecology of Illusion, examined how contemporary scenographic practices are redefining the interactions between humans and non-humans. This text extends that exploration by combining theoretical perspectives with concrete case studies, and by highlighting the ways in which scenography can function as a site of ecological awareness, illusion, and transformation
The Inflated, Absurd World of a Liberating Dream. Eugène Ionesco, Pietonul aerului (The Air Walker), by Gábor Tompa, “Lucian Blaga” National Theatre, Cluj-Napoca, premiere: May 30, 2024
No full textEugène Ionesco confessed that he perceived the world as being emptied of meaning, and reality, most of the time, as unreal. The feeling of unreality was expressed through his characters, who wander, tormented by anxieties, failures, regrets, and the emptiness of their lives, or are depicted as lost beings in the meaninglessness of existence. His plays are a blend of fantasy, poetry, and nightmare on the one hand, and social and cultural critique on the other. They contain the turmoil of someone who realizes that life is hellish, and yet loves it with all its hellishness. A being that wants to be free, in a world that resembles a prison from which it cannot escape. Ionesco and his characters appear to be stunned by the absurdity of the universe, by the individual’s inability to know and understand. They experience the revelation of Death, of Evil, and of an inadmissible existential condition. The identities of his characters are not clearly defined; they melt into others, change ages and roles, and evolve in an uncertain space and time, reproducing the vagueness of memories from a dream. In a dream, another kind of reality appears, in which the characters try to integrate by accepting conventions; the images become incoherent, overlapping, shifting from one plane to another. In the theatre of the absurd, the dreamlike follows its own laws, like in a game of mirrors, where characters have the freedom to act, in a constant state of mobility and transformation, where the irrational takes control
Renato Bruson: The Art of Singing, Authenticity and Discipline. Connections Between Opera and Chamber Music
Get PDFThis article explores the artistry of the renowned baritone Renato Bruson, emphasizing the interpretative authenticity and discipline that have ensured his long-lasting career. Based on a direct interview conducted with the maestro in Parma during a vocal interpretation masterclass organized through the Renato Bruson Foundation, the research highlights essential themes such as the evolution of the baritone voice, the significance of chamber music in vocal development, and the role of textual interpretation in opera. Additionally, it examines the impact of this approach on the training of future performers and his perspective on vocal discipline and artistic authenticity. By integrating historical and musicological perspectives, the study establishes connections between operatic and chamber music practices, emphasizing their reciprocal impact on the evolution of a lyrical artist. The conclusions underline the necessity of balancing natural vocal talent with rigorous study while maintaining fidelity to the composer’s intentions, simultaneously developing a unique interpretative style
SCORES OF A FOLKSONG: FROM COLLECTION TO MUSIC TEXTBOOKS
Get PDFIn my study, I follow the notational journey of the folk song Ablakomba, ablakomba besütött a holdvilág, collected by Béla Bartók. While attending music lessons I experienced that several versions of this folksong were being taught in the lessons. The most striking difference appears in the melody of the third line of the folk song, which may have several reasons. In addition to presumed problems with musical memory and intonation, there are also errors in notation. This paper aims to explore these failures and their causes, with a view to using the research findings to benefit public education. For this reason, I considered it necessary to investigate the circumstances of folk song collection in terms of folk music recordings, sheet music and text published by the Institute of Musicology of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Starting from the collection, the arrangement by Bartók is studied first. Then the scores found in music textbooks are interpreted in chronological order, from the version published in the book entitled Iskolai énekgyűjtemény[1] to the textbook version found in Ének-zene 12.[2] I will also try to explain the melodic and metrical differences in the textbooks, as well as the second and further verses.
[1] Kodály, Zoltán & Kerényi, György. Iskolai énekgyűjtemény II. 11-14 éves tanulóknak (School song collection II. for 11-14 year old pupils), Országos Közoktatási Tanács, Budapest, 1944.
[2] Tapodi, Attila. Ének-zene 12 (Music 12th), Oktatási Hivatal, Budapest, 2020
TRADITION AND INNOVATION IN WORKS DEDICATED TO THE STRING QUARTET BY GIACOMO PUCCINI
Get PDFDespite the fact that Italian music is most often associated with opera, and chamber music did not have such a strong tradition in Italy, nonetheless opera composers of the 19th and early 20th centuries have contributed to the repertoire of chamber ensembles with complex and unique compositions. The uniqueness and novelty of these works represents a genuine challenge for chamber ensembles, because these compositions were conceived in an orchestral manner (the orchestral apparatus, similar to the chorus, represents and active character within the unfolding of an opera, often calling for a full part of first violins, second violin, viola, or cello, not just a single instrument), or in a manner that resembles the vocal line. The desire of every instrument player is to imitate the human voice, especially within the works of those composers whose music is meant to emphasize the meaning of the words. The instrumental chamber compositions of Giacomo Puccini, Crisantemi, 3 Minuetti, and his String quartet mirror the particularities of his operatic works. The current study aims to present the distinctive elements of the 3 Minuetti and the instrumental prelude for string quartet Crisantemi, highlighting those aspects that endow the genres with novel features