Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai
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The National Structure of the Romanian Population at the 1st December 2021 Census
Full text linkThe National Structure of the Romanian Population at the 1st December 2021 Census. This study aims to focus on the spatial distribution of the 21 ethnic groups at the level of geographical-historical provinces and counties, based on the final results recorded at the Population and Housing Census of 1st December 2021. Compared to the total stable population of 19,053,815 inhabitants, the Romanian ethnic group has a percentage of 77.68%, followed at a great distance by the Hungarians (5.26%) and the Roma (3.00%), after which the other 18 ethnic groups (Ukrainians, Germans, Turks, Russian-Lipovans, Tatars, Serbs, Slovaks, Bulgarians, Croats, Greeks, Italians, Jews, Czechs, Poles, Ruthenians, Armenians, Albanians and Macedonians) all together represent only 0.92% of the total population. There is also the category Other ethnicity (Csangos, Gagauz, Chinese and other ethnicities from intra- and extra-community states) with 0.10%, as well as the category Unavailable information, which includes an important segment of the population of 13.04%
The Spatiality of Prostitution in Budapest During the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
Full text linkThis study examines the spatial structure and social embeddedness of prostitution in Budapest during the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, with particular focus on the Dualist era. Drawing on an extensive topographic database compiled from police records, prison registries, and archival maps, it documents the activities of 13,891 individuals and the locations of 2,615 prostitution-related establishments across 559 streets. The findings challenge the concept of a single, segregated red-light district: prostitutional institutions – brothels, private apartments, and entertainment venues – were dispersed throughout the city, albeit with notable concentrations in Terézváros, Erzsébetváros, Józsefváros, and the Inner City. Spatial patterns were shaped by urban morphology, population density, transport networks, and regulatory frameworks, while also reflecting social stratification and moral geography. The analysis operates at multiple spatial scales, from district-level distributions to individual buildings, and applies network analysis to identify 45 key hubs that structured the city’s prostitutional system. The results highlight both the historical continuity of certain prostitution sites and the adaptability of the sex industry to urban modernization, revealing its integration into Budapest’s economic, social, and cultural life.
Rezumat: Acest studiu examinează structura spațială și înrădăcinarea socială a prostituției în Budapesta în timpul Monarhiei austro-ungare, cu accent deosebit pe epoca dualistă. Bazându-se pe o bază extinsă de date topografice, compilată din înregistrări ale poliției, registre ale închisorilor și hărți de arhivă, acest studiu documentează activitățile a 13.891 de persoane și locațiile a 2.615 unități legate de prostituție pe 559 de străzi. Constatările contestă conceptul unui singur cartier roșu segregat: instituțiile de prostituție - bordeluri, apartamente private și locuri de divertisment - erau dispersate în tot orașul, deși cu concentrații notabile în Terézváros, Erzsébetváros, Józsefváros și în centrul orașului. Modelele spațiale au fost modelate de morfologia urbană, densitatea populației, rețelele de transport și cadrele de reglementare, reflectând în același timp stratificarea socială și geografia morală. Analiza operează la scări spațiale multiple, de la distribuții la nivel de district la clădiri individuale, și aplică analiza rețelei pentru a identifica 45 de centre cheie care au structurat sistemul de prostituție al orașului. Rezultatele evidențiază atât continuitatea istorică a anumitor locuri de prostituție, cât și adaptabilitatea industriei sexului la modernizarea urbană, dezvăluind integrarea acesteia în viața economică, socială și culturală a Budapestei.
Cuvinte-cheie: Istorie urbană, prostituție, spațiu urban, istorie spațială, Budapesta, Monarhia Austro-Ungară, geografie socială, analiză de rețe
Masculinity and Sexual Pluralism: The Evolution of Gendered Practices and the Affirmation of Sexual Orientations in the Romanian Public Space
Full text linkThis study explores the emergence of new cultural models of masculinity in the context of the freedom of expression and consumer society in post-Decemberist Romania. The decriminalization of homosexuality facilitated the expression of both gay and heterosexual identities in the public space. Simultaneously, the development of consumer society, aligned with the European consumer market, contributed to the emergence and expression of new representations and forms of masculinity, distinct from those of the communist period, which were hegemonic due to the limits of expression imposed by the regime. The study examines how these masculine patterns began to be expressed in both small towns and large cities, amidst rising affluence and the proliferation of consumer goods that enabled the cultural instrumentalization of masculinity through new gendered practices. It further exemplifies how gay individuals have objectified representations of masculinity through sexual fantasies, shaping their understanding of gay sexuality. Cultural masculine models have been instrumentalized through culturally gendered practices, with different sexual identities leading to the emergence of sexual pluralism.
Rezumat: Acest studiu explorează apariția unor noi modele culturale de masculinitate în contextul libertății de exprimare și al societății de consum din România post-decembristă. Decriminalizarea homosexualității a facilitat exprimarea identităților atât gay, cât și heterosexuale în spațiul public. Simultan, dezvoltarea societății de consum, aliniată cu piața europeană de consum, a contribuit la apariția și exprimarea unor noi reprezentări și forme de masculinitate, distincte de cele din perioada comunistă, care erau hegemonice datorită limitelor de exprimare impuse de regim. Studiul examinează modul în care aceste modele masculine au început să fie exprimate atât în orașele mici, cât și în orașele mari, în contextul creșterii abundenței și al proliferării bunurilor de consum care au permis instrumentalizarea culturală a masculinității prin noi practici de gen. De asemenea, exemplifică modul în care indivizii gay au obiectificat reprezentările masculinității prin fantezii sexuale, modelându-și înțelegerea sexualității gay. Modelele culturale masculine au fost instrumentalizate prin practici culturale de gen, diferite identități sexuale ducând la apariția pluralismului sexual.
Cuvinte-cheie: Masculinități, Identitate sexuală, Fetișism sexual, Obiectivizare sexuală, Pluralism sexua
CONTEMPORARY ROMANIAN HISTORICAL FICTION AS A MEDIATING TRANSISTOR OF THE “ZEMIPERIPHERY”
Full text linkContemporary Romanian Historical Fiction as a Mediating Transistor of the “Zemiperiphery”. Historical fiction, characterized by its ambivalence between political instrumentalization and fidelity to the real referent, emerges as a vector of transnational connectivity, translating (semi)peripheral narrative scenarios into the language of the global core. In the post-1990 Romanian context, this dynamic acquires particular salience through the lens of “zemiperiphery”, which, as Stephen Shapiro contends, operates as a “transistor” (2024, 54) amplifying the subaltern voice, otherwise inaudible to the core without its mediation. Post-1990 Romanian historical fiction, through its recourse to universal historical themes – emblematic figures, conflicts, and conquests – functions as a neohermetic channel (Braga 1995) of transculturation, liberating historical discourse from past ideological constraints and integrating it into the global networks of the publishing market. This process, underpinned by an aesthetics of “hyperconnectivity” (Deckard, Niblett & Shapiro 2024), enables the Romanian zemiperiphery to negotiate tensions between the local and the global, generating a hybrid cultural memory. By transgressing national boundaries and recontextualizing narrative, Romanian historical fiction constitutes a node of cultural flow, asserting a dynamic identity in dialogue with transnational networks. The theoretical framework is applied to a diverse range of historical fictions, selected for their distinct conceptual approaches and narrative strategies. These works exemplify different ways in which authors such as Răzvan Rădulescu, Constantin Țoiu, Doina Ruști, Constanța Vintilă-Ghițulescu, Filip Florian, and Octavian Soviany interpret and reimagine history.
REZUMAT. Ficțiunea istorică românească contemporană ca un transmițător mediator al „zemiperiferiei”. Ficțiunea istorică, marcată de ambivalența între instrumentalizarea politică și fidelitatea față de referentul real, se afirmă ca un vector de conectivitate transnațională, traducând scenarii narative (semi)periferice în limbajul centrului global. În contextul românesc post-1990, această dinamică capătă o relevanță aparte prin prisma „zemiperiferiei”, care, conform lui Stephen Shapiro, funcționează ca un „tranzistor” (2024, 54) ce amplifică vocea subalternului, invizibilă centrului fără medierea sa. Ficțiunea istorică românească post-1990, prin recursul la teme istorice universale – figuri emblematice, conflicte și cuceriri –, devine un canal „neohermetic” (Braga 1995) de transculturare, eliberând discursul istoric de constrângerile ideologice ale trecutului și integrându-l în rețelele globale ale pieței editoriale. Acest proces, susținut de o estetică a „hiperconectivității” (Deckard, Niblett & Shapiro 2024), permite „zemiperiferiei” românești să negocieze tensiunile dintre local și global, generând o memorie culturală hibridă. Prin transgresarea frontierelor naționale și recontextualizarea narativă, ficțiunea istorică românească se constituie ca un nod de flux cultural, afirmând o identitate dinamică în dialog cu rețelele transnaționale. Cadrul teoretic este aplicat unui spectru divers de ficțiuni istorice, selectate pentru abordările lor conceptuale distincte și strategiile narative. Aceste opere exemplifică diferite moduri în care autori precum Răzvan Rădulescu, Constantin Țoiu, Doina Ruști, Constanța Vintilă-Ghițulescu, Filip Florian și Octavian Soviany interpretează și reimaginează istoria.
Cuvinte-cheie: proza istorică, metaficțiune, zemiperiferie, model.
Article history: Received 28 June 2025; Revised 17 August 2025; Accepted 29 August 2025; Available online 24 September 2025; Available print 30 September 202
WOMEN’S TIME, CINEMATIC TIME: PAST AND PRESENT IN THE FOUND FOOTAGE, OR COMPILATION FILM
Full text linkConcepts of time are integral to the structuring of history and memory, often invisible, often implicit often seemingly following a teleological line between past and present. Recently, or even for some time now, the traditional image of temporality as linear has been challenged. Radical ideas of history have stretched the narrative causality of ‘then and then’. Perhaps particularly feminist history has associated the linear causal narrative with a patriarchal control of time, looking to find in women’s stories other patterns and configurations. On a different cultural level, memory necessarily blurs a mental image of time, dispersing the immediacy of a present ‘now’ with the dreaminess and uncertainty of a persistent ‘then’
The Formal Import and Theoretical Metabolization of the Postdramatic in the Romanian Context
Full text linkThe article examines the importation and assimilation of the concept of postdramatic theatre into the Romanian theatrical landscape. The postdramatic, which emerged primarily in Lehmann’s seminal book, was delayed in Romania due to the country’s historical isolation during the communist era. The study traces the evolution of Romanian dramaturgy from pre-1989 influences to the 1990s and beyond, identifying a shift toward more socially and politically engaged playwrighting. The 2000s generation of playwrights embraced fragmented, collage-based texts and diverse theatrical forms, including documentary and political theatre. The article discusses the critical reception of the postdramatic paradigm in Romania, highlighting diverging views on its implications for narrative, character, and the role of the playwright. While some critics see postdramatic theatre as subversive, rejecting traditional story structures, others emphasize its continuity with past theatrical traditions. Ultimately, the article investigates how Romanian theorists and practitioners engage with postdramatic theory and its nuanced applications, questioning the legitimacy and utility of the term in the Romanian context, as well as its future
Musical-Artistic Events of Young Students as a Factor in Strengthening Intra-community Partnerships
Full text linkThis paper aims to highlight the importance of musical-artistic events organized in schools and communities from the perspective of fostering lifelong artistic competencies. The study seeks to identify the attitudes of primary school teachers toward musical-artistic events through an applied questionnaire. To assess the extent to which such events contribute to the development of artistic competencies and the strengthening of school-family-community partnerships, an exploratory study based on a questionnaire administered to primary education teachers was conducted
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS AND STYLISTIC ASPECTS IN THE THIRD SYMPHONY “SEMNE” BY CORNEL ȚĂRANU
Full text linkThe article explores The Third Symphony “Semne” (Signs) by Romanian composer Cornel Țăranu, a pivotal work composed in 1984 that marks a stylistic shift in his symphonic output. Known for his deep connection to Enescu’s musical legacy and a commitment to compositional innovation, Țăranu transitions in this piece from a constructivist style to a more expressive, synthesized language. The symphony is structured as a monopartite sonata form, featuring a distinctive brass “signal-theme” (Theme A) and a lament-like secondary theme (Theme B), rooted in Romanian folk idioms. Its development section is richly varied, highlighting pointillism, stretto, melodic expansions, and inverted counterpoint. The work concludes with a cathartic coda evoking collective lament. Analytical comparisons are drawn with Țăranu’s other symphonies and orchestral works, illustrating stylistic continuity and thematic evolution. The article underscores the symphony’s central place in his oeuvre and its symbolic significance within Romanian contemporary music
CURRENT WAYS OF MELODICAL IMPROVISATION, REVOLUTIONARY JAZZ THINKING IN THE XXI ST CENTURY
Full text linkThe assimilation of different musical practices, idioms or aesthetics is an expression that explains in detail the origins of some of the fusions of the significant creators of the jazz phenomenon, an active pursuit whose purpose is to create new, musically innovative, hybridized styles. It represents the modern view, a term for which researchers will suggest that it is a suitable description for the evolutionary compositional technique of certain artists adept at experimental practices of fusion of elements, the preferential ability to combine the structure of standard themes in a modern, original manner that takes on new forms, contrary to the traditional ways of tonal jazz. Musicians of the contemporary style articulate stylistically through unequal and variable musical combinations, which do not completely replace the previously known genre terms (jazz, rock, funk), but allow the emergence of other creative styles, which evolve, delight and continuously challenge the characteristics of the preceding categories. Modernism emphasizes the instability of all gender designations and highlights the creative fluidity, the structure of musical practices that gender names try to immortalize to give discussions about jazz, music in general a significant new starting point. Issuing the title of a musical genre (modernism) is a way of recognizing its existence and being able to distinguish it from other musical genres or styles. This (name) becomes a point of reference and easily allows the constitution of certain forms of interactive musical communication, control and specialization in the field, elaboration of templates, discussions, essentially a new evolutionary step
INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES FOR INCORPORATING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES INTO HIGHER MUSIC AND ARTS EDUCATION
Full text linkThe modern educational system, responding to the needs of society, is actively transforming and integrating innovative approaches, among which digital technologies occupy a special place. The introduction of digital tools allows us to go beyond traditional learning and create an innovative educational environment focused on developing creativity and critical thinking. In the context of martial law in Ukraine and after the coronavirus crisis, digital technologies have become the basis for organizing the educational process, ensuring effective remote interaction between teachers and students. The study aims to comprehensively assess the impact of digital tools on the quality of training in higher art (music) education and to determine the potential of digital technologies for transforming modern pedagogical practices. The research used systematic and comparative approaches to study the theory and practice of integrating digital technologies into higher art (music) education. The article analyses the transformation processes in music and music education caused by the digitalization of society. It is proven that digital technologies are reforming music education, making it more open, dynamic and effective. This contributes to the development of the global music community and opens up new opportunities for creative expression. It is found that the use of artificial intelligence in the field of higher art (music) education is one of the most promising areas of modern pedagogical research. The application of virtual reality as a tool for interactive music teaching and simulation of concert performances is analyzed. It has been proved that modern artistic higher education is increasingly moving away from passive knowledge acquisition and towards the active development of each student\u27s creative potential